雪梨老师讲情态动词.pdf

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1、雪梨老师讲情态动词。问 句-答 语 can you wait a few days for the money?yes,i can.no,i cant.may i watch tv after supper?yes,you may.no,you maynt.,you mustnt.,youd better not.must i be home before 8:00?yes,you must.no,you neednt.you dont have to 情态动词的基本用法：1 无人表示 数的变化 2 后接动词原形构成谓语，不能单独做谓语，省略句除外 3 驳斥式 否定词紧随在情态动词的后面 4

2、疑问式 情态动词前移到主语前 can could 1.能力 he can drive a bus.(各种句式)he said he could use a computer two years ago.2许可 you can go now.he said i could borrow his bike can i go now?3可能性（否 问）it cant be mr.zhang.he couldnt be can it be m?could it be m （并无时态区别，只则表示可能性的大小）4could 比 can 语气更委婉客气，无时间的区别，主要用于问句，不用于肯定句，答语用 c

3、an could i come here again tomorrow?yes,you can.no,im afraid not.can be able to 表示现在 将来 过去互用 区别 1.指过去某一具体内容事情，在肯定句用 be able to 则表示主语不仅用能力而且实际上已经努力做到了 he was a good swimmer,so when the boat was broken,he _ swim to the bank.(*was able to can could were able to)2.he could pass the exa(could 表示主语有能力，而不表

4、明实际去做)3.he worked hard but couldnt/wasnt able to pass(could 的驳斥式和was able to 的驳斥式可以连动)4.can 时态少于 be able to:havent be able to,is able to,will be able to may might 1.允诺 may i watch tv now?might i go with you?you may go now 2.可能性（肯定句 否定句）he may be busy these days.the story may not be true.3.祝愿 may you

5、 enjoy yourself!may you succeed.must 1.必须 应当 must i do it at once?we must obey all the rules.you mustnt smoke here.2.必然的规律 all men must die.3.推测(肯定)it must be must 主观 you mustnt go.（禁止 不允许）you dont have to go.（不必）两者不能换用 have to 客观 the bridge is broken,so i have to go to the other bank across the riv

6、er.need dare 犯罪行为动词：情态动词：有人称 数的变化 主要用于 否定句 疑问句 后直奔不等式 i dare say 就是紧固用法 否定式要用 dont doesnt didnt 疑点式用 do does did dare 的否定式 疑问式后的 to 可以省略 he doesnt need to answer this question.does he dare to 推论：need 1.*he need to do 2.*needs do 3.needs to 4.doesnt need to 5.*doesnt need do 6.*neednt to 7.neednt do

7、8.*does he need do?9.do you need to do 10.*need you to do 11.need he do 12.*he need do 13.*needs he do 14.*needs he do 15.*we need to do dare 1.i dare say you are wrong.2.i dont dare to ask her.3.i dont dare ask her.4.*he dare do it 4.*dares do 5.dares to do 6.doesnt dare to do 7.dare not to do 8.*d

8、are not do 9.does he dare to do 10.dare you go how dared they do such a thing?11.i wont allow you to swim across the river,even if you dare do it.12.we must dare to ask 13.i have never dared to tell him about it 14.the party called on us to dare to think,to speak and to act.15.she stopped at the doo

9、r,not daring to enter.16.*dare you to go shall 1一 三人称问句，命令命令，征询意见 shall we start now?when shall he be able to leave the hospital?shall he come in?2二 三命令 警告 威胁 强制性，许诺 you shall do as i say.you shall fail if you dont work harder.(warning)he shall have the book when i finish reading.should 1.=ought to

10、劝告建议 常指表示自己的主观看法,问句中通常代替 ought to ought to 语气较轻，所含“按道理应”常指 充分反映客观情况，或牵涉法律 义务 规定；you should go to class right away.should i open the window?2.第一人称 表示说话人的谦逊 客气 委婉 i should think it would be better to try it again.you are mistaken,i should say.this is sth i should have liked to ask you.3.在条件句中，“万一”，主句仍

11、用正常句子，不一定用虚拟 ask her ring me up if you should see her.if you should change your mind,please let us know.should i,i will come.4.why/how+should 表示不能理解，感到意外，惊异“竟会”why should you be so late today?-where is b living?-how i should know?i dont know why you should think that i did it.will would 1 意愿 i will

12、never do that again.he said he wouldnt do that again.2 问句 询问对方意愿 will you go there with me.would you like to 3 习惯性动作 或某种倾向 fish will die out of water.he would play the violin on sundays she will talk for hours if you give him the chance.she would sit that for hours.4.will be will have done 二 三人称，对现在

13、 或已完成的推断 this will be the book you want.he will have arrived by now.可 能 性 can 不则表示实际的可能性，而是“理论上的可能性”，或暂时性的可能性 要表示实际可能性用 could may might accidents can happen on such rainy days.we can go climbing this summer.(error,不表示未来的可能性)we may go 1 can/could+have done 问句 否定句 对过去事情的推断 过去没有实现的可能“本来可以 本来可能”could 可以

14、用作肯定句 you could have done better,but you didnt try your best.i saw m just now.he couldnt have gone to b.2 may/might+have done 肯定句 否定句 对过去事情的推断 “本来可能”但没有实现“本来可以”但没做，有责备之意 he may/might have gone home.he not have finished the work you should not have climbed that hill.you might have been killed yoursel

15、f.you might have given him more help,though you were busy.3must+have done 肯定句 对过去事情的推测，否定句用 cant/couldnt have done it must have rained last night,for the road was quite muddy.he cant have been to b,for he knows too little about it.4.偏齿问句 it must have rained last night,_?didnt it 5.need+have done 否定句

16、 疑问句 本来没必要做，但做了 you neednt have told her the news,for i had told her earlier.本来没必要做，结果也没做，用 didnt need to you didnt need to clean the windows.my sister did it 6.should/ought to+have done you should have come to the meeting earlier.he ought not to have broken the window.7.had better+have done 当时最出色 you had better have started earlier.8.would rather+have done 当时宁愿搞了 或没搞 i would rather have refuse his offer.i raised objections at the meeting,but now i would rather not have done that.情态动词+be+n./adj./doing 注意句式 you cant be serious.i hear water running.he must be having a bath.