高考英语总复习之备战短文改错题课标试题.pdf

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1、本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。高考英语总复习之备战短文改错题 本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。在近年的高等招生全国统一考试，英语测试卷中都设置有短文改错题。此题型覆盖的知识面较广，要求学生不仅具备结实的英语根底知识，还要有一定的分析问题及解决问题的才能。然而，学生们在做这种题时，往往感觉无从下手，似乎感到某个地方有错，却又无法准确地找出来。当一看答案，或者经教师一讲，便豁然开朗，这种现象明显反映出，学生平时缺乏练习，不具备问题的分析才能，更谈不上有

2、对语言的准确使用才能。那么如何来培养开展学生们对英语的使用才能呢？如何才能做好“短文改错这种题型呢？首先，应纯熟掌握英语根底知识。因为知识是技能和才能的载体，是技能和才能形成和开展的前提。假设英语词汇贫乏，语法知识欠缺，就理解不了句子，看不懂文章，更写不好句子，也无法在别人的文章中寻找出错误。此外，当掌握了一定的语言根底，还应在一定的方法指导下，强化训练，逐渐掌握一定的解题技巧，才能做好短文改错题。一、严格要求，标准答题。该题型错误类型设置常为多词、缺词、错词和无错，且要求学生答题时做到标准化，各种改错的符号要标准、正确，假如答题时操作错误，会导致失分。因此，平时练习时，应严格执行。如多词情况

3、，应在原文中划去该词并在右边答案处写下这个词并用斜线划掉。二、九点注意，逐行查找 短文改错题以考察学生综合运用英语的准确性为总目的。即文章中词法、句法、词篇构造及行文逻辑是否妥当、合理。因此做题时应从以下几个方面入手考虑，现以近年高考试题为例来说明。一注意主谓构造是否一致 2000Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(are)2021Their word were a great encouragement to me.words 本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰

4、月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。二注意习惯用语或者固定词组搭配是否一致 2000I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd。a 2021Evening came down.(down)2021Im sure they will laugh to me.(at)三注意谓语动词的时态、语态前后是否一致。2000I remembered her words and calm down.(calmed)2021My parents love me,They did not want me to do any workdo 2

5、021We fed monkeys,visiting temples and told storiesThe time passes quicklyvisited/passed 2021I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.(should)2021She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(read)2021Sometimes,we talked to each other very well in classtalk 四注意非谓语动词形式及使

6、用是否得当，尤其注意不定式符号 to 的略与保存 2021My Parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.to 2021Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper talking 五注意名词的数与格的使用前后是否一致。2000She said that she and my classmate all wished me success.classmates 2021Ill get good mar

7、ks in all my subject subjects 2021I was busy talking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.pictures 2021but after class we become stranger at oncestrangers 六注意与名词所搭配的限定词是否准确，尤其是冠词的使用。2021We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：

8、令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。2021Its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(a)2021My teacher advised me to keep my diary。a 七注意代词的用法是否正确。如人称代词，物主代词，反身代词指代时是否一致；不定代词、关系代词的使用是否正确；it 作形式主语、形式宾语或者指代时有无缺漏。2021and I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English(everything)2021as I

9、 was learning to express me in simple English(myself)2021One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(it)六注意连接词，如关系代词，关系副词及附属连词在复合句中的使用是否正确。2000But it didnt matter that I would win or not.(whether)2000I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(that)2021It was about noon we arrived at the

10、foot of the mountain.(when)2021I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(at)2021The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.(in)2021It seems always difficult for me to do things well as them(as)2021I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.(why)20

11、21Can you tell me about what I should do?(about)九搞清文字段落中的逻辑意义和逻辑关系，注意判断诸如象 and,or,but,so,however,therefore 等词的运用是否正确。2000She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)2021It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest(or)2021The food was expensive and the service was good.(but)2021I am trying

12、to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work.(but)本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。三、习作互改，互相进步。短文改错的题材多源于学生生活中常见的事情，错误点的设置也是来源于学生习作中常犯的错误，并非凭空臆造。因此，在平时的写作训练中，学生应力求语言使用的准确性，多背一些常用词组及精巧文章，防止按照汉语的句式构造拼凑句子。同时，应加强同学间的互助。在完成一篇短文写作后，应交换修改，这实际上是“短文改错的另一种形式的训练，长期

13、坚持，互相之间的改错才能都会大有进步。一、多词 1、抽象名词前多余的冠词。2、不可数名词前多余的不定冠词。3、专有名词前多余的冠词。除特殊情况外，专有名词前不用冠词。4、泛指复数可数名词前多余的冠词。5、固定词组中名词前多余的定冠词。2000I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd。a 6、one+名词，指示代词+名词，every+名词及 last/next+名词组成的时间是状语前多余的介词。7、在某些固定搭配中，宾语补足语用不带 to 的动词不定式，加 to 是多余的。几个动词作并列谓语，加 to 也是多余的。8、及物动词与直接宾

14、语间多余的介词。9、某些及物动词，因词义混淆，用了多余的介词或者副词。10、某些及物动词的固定词组中，直接宾语前用了多余的不定冠词。11、单音节形容词比拟级前用多余的 more。如：more longer。12、其他情况。二、缺词 1、表示一类事物的单数可数名词前缺冠词。2021Its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(a)本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。2、单数名词前缺少表示“(一个/所/)的不定冠词。3、特指名

15、词前缺定冠词 the。4、作宾语或者状语用的动词不定式缺 to。2021My Parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.to 5、作定语用的动词不定式后缺少必要的介词，否那么语意不合逻辑。6、作状语的介词词组缺少必要的介词。7、作宾语的词前缺少必要的物主代词。8、不及物动词的间接宾语缺少介词。9、形容词最高级前缺冠词 the。如：one of most important things(most 前缺 the)。10、并列句缺并列连词。11、句子

16、 as+形容词+名词+as+主语+动词构造中缺副词 as。如：In some places you may borrow many books as you want(many books 前缺 as)。12、动词短语中缺必要的介词。13、名词性从句作主语缺连词、代词、副词。14、定语从句中缺作主语的关系代词。例 1：The changes have taken place are great.(have 前缺定语从句中作主语的关系代词 that/which)例 2：Is he the boy did the good deed?(did 前缺定语从句中表人的关系代词 who)15、缺系动词或

17、者动词构造不完好。三、错词 1、动词时态和语态(主要指行为动词)的错误。2000I remembered her words and calm down.(calmed)2021She liked it very much and reads it to the class.(read)本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。2、非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(新近语法称动名词和如今分词为动词的-ing 形式)，短文改错中，判断非谓语的错误，以下几点很重要：非谓语动词具有动词

18、性质，有时态和语态之分，但不能单独作谓语动词用。2021Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper talking 如今分词与过去分词在句中表示主语所处的状态，如今分词多含主动意义，过去分词多含被动意义。如今分词和动名词都以-ing 的形式出现，两者的主要区别是：如今分词有形容词性质，动名词具有名词性质。3、介词。介词的含义很多，可表示时间是、地点、方向、方位、状态、方式、方法、手段等，很多时间是用于成语之中。短文改错时应根据句子意义或者上下文检查介词是否用得准确。介词在句中不能单独作谓语。另一点值得指出的是不该用介词时用了介词。如 next y

19、ear 常写成 in next year.2021I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(at)2021The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.(in)介词与动词组成的词组要多加注意。2021Evening came down.(down)4、冠词。英语只有 a，an 和 the 三个冠词，用起来却很复杂。在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时又用了；该用 an 却用了 a；该用 a(an)却用了

20、the。检查短文改错中冠词的用法，根本要点有：单数可数名词表一类事物，在它的前面要加 a(an)或者 the。2021My teacher advised me to keep my diary。a 名词前使用哪个冠词最主要决定于名词是特指还是泛指。假如是泛指，单数名词前要加 a(an)，本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。假如是特指，名词前要加 the。2021We may be one family and live under a same roof.(the)物质名词、抽象名词表示一

21、般概念，通常不加冠词。专有名词前，除了上述特殊情况，一般不加冠词。5、一致性原那么。一般而言，有六点值得注意。1注意主谓构造是否一致 2000Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(are)2021Their word were a great encouragement to me.words 2注意谓语动词的时态、语态前后是否一致。2021My parents love me,They did not want me to do any workdo 2021We fed monkeys,visiting temple

22、s and told storiesThe time passes quicklyvisited/passed 2021I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.(should)3注意名词的数与格的使用前后是否一致。2000She said that she and my classmate all wished me success.classmates 2021Ill get good marks in all my subject subjects 2021I was busy talking p

23、icture since the scenery was so beautiful.pictures 4注意行文逻辑中指代词的一致。如人称代词，物主代词，反身代词指代时是否一致；不定代词、关系代词的使用是否正确；it 作形式主语、形式宾语或者指代时有无缺漏。2021and I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English(everything)2021as I was learning to express me in simple English(myself)2021One day I wrot

24、e a little story and showed to my teacher.(it)本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。5注意连接词，如关系代词，关系副词及附属连词在复合句中的使用是否正确。2000But it didnt matter that I would win or not.(whether)2000I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(that)6搞清文字段落中的逻辑意义和逻辑关系，注意判断诸如象 and,or,but,so,

25、however,therefore 等词的运用是否正确。2000She was smiling but nodding at me.(and)2021It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest(or)2021The food was expensive and the service was good.(but)6、易混淆的词或者词组。在短文改错中，常见的错误有：把名词用作动词，如 advice(n)代替 advise(v)；practice(n)代替 practise(v)，这样的词读音一样或者相似，是很容易混淆的原

26、因。词性一样，词义相近，但用法不一样，如：much(adv),very(adv)；high(adv)，highly(adv)；hard(adv)，hardly(adv)；wide(adv)，widely(adv)；good(adj)，well(adj)；besides(prep)，except(prep)等。形相似，意义不同的词和词组，如：already，all ready；altogether，all together；everyday，every day；sometime，some time 等。另外有些动词形相似，但是及物动词还是不及物动词，应注意区别，如：rise(vi)，raise(

27、vt)；lie(vi)，lay(vt)等，一不小心就搞混了。动词词组中动词后接用的词也值得注意，如：finish，consider 等后只能接动名词，其他如 devote to，pay attention to，look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后面只能接名词或者动名词。综上所述，所谓的高考考点及热点实际上源于学生习作中常犯错误，题材亦源于学生生活中常见的事情。因此，在平时的写作训练中，学生应力求语言使用的准确性，多背一些常用词组及精巧文章，防止按照汉语的句式构造拼凑句子。同时，应加强同学间的互助。在完成一篇短文写作后，应交换修改，本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。长期坚持，互相之间的改错才能都会大有进步。本卷贰 O 贰贰年贰月捌日编写；出题人：令狐学复；欧阳化语；令狐理总。