人教版高中英语必修一重点短语、语法知识点总结.pdf

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1、人教版高中英语必修一重点短语、语法知识点总结 人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受 get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2.set down 记下，放下 3.a series of一系列 4.on purpose 有目的的 5.in order to为了 6.at dusk傍晚，黄昏时刻 7.face to face面对面 8.fall in love 爱上 9.join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in参加（活动）join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10.calm down冷

2、静下来 11.suffer from遭受 12.be/get tired of对感触厌倦 13.be concerned about 关心 14.get on/along well with 与相处和谐 15.be good at/do well in 善于于 16.find it+adj.to do sth.发现做某事是 17.no longer/notany longer 不再 18.too much太多（后接不可数 n.）much too太(后接 adj.)19.notuntil 直到才 20.its no pleasure doing sth 做并不开心 21.make sb.sth.

3、使或人成为 make sb.do sth.使某人做某事 二、语法-直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。1 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且 不要加引号。例：Mr.Black said,“Im busy.”Mr.Black said that he was busy.变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词 that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1.He said,“I like it

4、 very much.”He said that he liked it very much.2.He said to me,“Iv left my book in your room.”He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化 直接引语 一般现在时 现在举行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去完成时 例：“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,”said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a

5、series of facts in a diary.The boy said,“Im using a knife.”The boy said that he was using a knife.留意：假如直接引语是客观真理，变为直接引语时，时态稳定，如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 2 间接引语 一般过去时 曩昔举行时 曩昔完成时 过去完成时 曩昔将来时 过去完成时 直接引语 this t

6、hese now ago today yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow come here the day before yesterday(二)祈使句的变化规则 间接引语 that those then before/earlier that day the day before the next/following day In two days time go there two days before/earlier 如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带 to 的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上 tell

7、/ask/order 等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上 not。例：The hostess said to us,“Please sit down.”The hostess asked us to sit down.He said,“Dont make so much noise,boys.”He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑问句的变革划定规矩 假如直接引语是疑问句，变为直接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。普通疑问句：假如直接引语是普通疑问句，变为直接引语时，谓语动词是 say 或 said 时，要改成

8、 ask 或 asked,原问句变为由 if/whether指导的宾语从句。例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2)特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：3“What do you want?”he asked me.He asked me what I wanted Unit twoEnglish around the w

9、orld 1、重点短语 1.be different from与不同 be the same as 与一样 2.one another 相互，相互（=each other）3.official language 官方言语 4.at the end of在结束时 5.because of 因为（后接名词或名词性短语）because 因为（后接句子）6.native speakers说母语的人 7.be based on 根据，依据 8.at present目前；当今 9.especially特别，尤其 specially特地地 10.make use of 利用 make the best of

10、 充分利用 11.a large number of 大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数）the number of的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）12.in fact=actually=as a matter of fact 事实上 13.believe it or not 不由你 14.there is no such thing as没有这样的事 15.be expected to被期待做某事 16.play a part/role in在起感化 17.make lists of列清单 18.included 包括（前面接包括的对象）Including 包孕（后接包孕的对象）mand

11、sb.to do sth.命令某人去做某事 command+that从句（从句用 should+V 原）4 20.request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 request+that从句(从句用 should+V原)2、语法-英语中的敕令（command）语气和恳求(request)语气敕令语气：透露表现直接敕令或人做某事，语气比力重，不怎样规矩，普通用于上级 对下级 例：1.“Look at the example”,the teacher said to us.2.Open the window!请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌 例：1.“Would yo

12、u like to see my flat?”She asked.2.Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal 一、重点短语 1.travel-泛指旅行 journey-指长时间长距离的陆上旅行 voyage-指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行 trip-常指短时间短距离的旅行 tour-指周游，巡回旅行，2.prefer to更加喜欢，宁愿 prefer A to B比起 B，更喜欢 A prefer doing to doing 比起做，宁肯做 prefer to do rather than do 与其做,不如 3.

13、flow through 流过，流经 4.ever since自从 5.persuade sb.to do sth.压服或人做某事 6.be fond of 喜欢 7.insist on doing 保持做某事 insist+that从句（用 should+V 原）8.care about 关怀 5 9.change ones mind 改动设法主意 10.altitude 高度 attitude 立场，看法 11.make up ones mind to do 下定决计做某事=decide to do=make a decision to do 12.give in 让步，屈服 give u

14、p 放弃 13.be surprised to对感到惊奇 to ones surprise 令或人诧异的是 14.at last=finally=in the end 最终 15.stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 截止做某事 16.as usual 像往常一样 17.sothat 云云以致于 So+adj+a/an+n.+that Such+a/an+adj.+n.+that 18.be familiar with 对熟悉（人作主语）be familiar to 为所熟悉（物作主语）二、语法:现在进行时表将来 现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常见的

15、现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/go/leave/arrive/travel/take/stay/do 等.例：1.Im coming.我就来 2.what are you doing next Sunday?你下个礼拜天做甚么？3.I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River.我听说你将沿湄公河旅行 4.Where are you staying at night?你们晚上待在哪里/Unit fourEarthquakes 1、重点短语 1.right away 立刻，马上（=at once=in no time）6 2.asleep

16、睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep入眠）sleep睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的 3.it seems that/as if看来好像；好像 4.in ruins成为废墟 5.the number of的数量（谓语动词用单数）a number of大量（谓语动词用复数）6.rescue workers 营救人员 Come to ones rescue 营救某人 7.be trapped被困 8.how long 多长工夫 how often 多久，指平率 how soon 还要多久（用于将来时当中，用 in+时间段回答）9.hundreds of thousands of 不计其数的 10.

17、dig out挖出 11.shake-泛指“动摇，震动”,常指左右、上下动摇，也可以指人“震惊，颤抖”例：1.She felt the earth shaking under him.2.She was shaken with anger.quake-指较强烈的震惊，如地震 例:The building quaked on its foundation Tremble-指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖 例：Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.Shi

18、ver-多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦 例：A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.12.rise(roserisen)-vi,上升；升起，无被动语态；give rise to 引起 Raise（raisedraised）-vt,举起；筹集；哺育 Arise(arosearisen)-vt,出现（常指问题或现象）13.injure-常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害 例：He was injured in a car accident.harm-泛指“毁伤，毁伤”，既可以指有生命的，也能够指无生命的 7 例：1.He was afraid

19、 that his fury would harm the child.2.His business was harmed for some reason.hurt-既可以指肉体上的毁伤，也能够指肉体上的毁伤 例：1.She hurt her leg when she fell.2.He felt hurt at your word.wound-普通指枪伤、刀伤等在疆场上受的伤 例：The bullet wounded him in the arm.14.be prepared for=make preparations for为做准备 15.in ones honor 向表示敬意；为纪念 B

20、e/feel honored to do做感触很侥幸 16.make/give/deliver a speech 发言 opening speech 开幕词 17.give/provide shelter to向提供庇护所 seek shelter from躲避 18.happen to+n./pron.遭遇，发生 happen to do sth.有时；碰劲 happen-指偶然发生 take place-指事先计划好的事情发生 2、语法-定语从句 概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that，which，who(宾 格为

21、 whom,一切格为 whose)；大概干系副词 where，when，why等。干系 代词或干系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着毗连主从句的感化。1.干系代词 that 的用法 干系代词 that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语 例：1）A plane is a machine that can fly.(指物，作主语)2）The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.(指物，作宾语)3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there?(指人，作主语)4）The girl(that)

22、we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人，作宾语)2.关系代词 which 的用法 8 干系代词 which 在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语 例：1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water.(作主语)2）The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh.(作宾语)3.关系代词 who，whom的用法 干系代词 who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句平分别作主语和宾语 例：1）The foreigner who helped us

23、 yesterday is from USA.(作主语)2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr.Li.(作宾语)、4.关系代词 whose 在的用法 关系代词 whose 为关系代词 who 的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以 是物，whose 和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。例：1）This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指人，作 主语)2）The room whose window faces south is mine.(指物，

24、作主语)3）He has written a book whose nameIve forgotten.(指物，作宾语)5.干系副词 when的用法 关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语 例：1）Ill never forget the time when(=during which)we worked on the farm.2)Doyou remember the afternoon when(=on which)we first met three years ago?6.干系副词 where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词 where 在定语从句中做地点状语 例：1）This is

25、the place where(=at/in which)we first met.2)The hotel where(=in which)we stayed wasnt very clean.7.关系副词 why在定语从句中的用法 关系副词 why在定语从句中作原因状语 例:1).I didnt get a pay rise,but this wasnt the reason why(=for which)I left.2).The reason why(=for which)he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Man

26、delaa modern hero 一、重点词汇 1.selfish 自私的 9 selfless 无私的 2.devote oneself to努力于；献身于 3.fight against 匹敌，反对 fight for 为而战 4.principle 原则 principal 校长；主要的 5.offer guidance to给提供指导 6.out of work 赋闲 7.join 加入（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员）join in 插手（举动）take part in插手（举动）8.as+adj+as one can 尽量=as+adj.+as possible 9.as a matter of fact 事实上（=in fact）10.blow up 爆炸，炸掉 11.set up 建立;set about 着手，开始做（set about doing sth.）set off 出发，启碇;set out 入手下手，出发（set out to do sth.）12.be sentenced to被判 13.be equal to 与相等；胜任 14.be proud of 为感触高傲 15.give out 分发（give off散发出（气味）16.die for 为而死 die of 死于（本身缘故原由，如疾病）