2022年河北考研英语一试题真题及答案.pdf
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1、 历年考试真题2023 年整理 20222022 年年河北河北考研英语一试题真题及答案考研英语一试题真题及答案 Section I Use of English The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s;the term“plant neurobiology”was _1_ around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be _2_ to intelligence in animals
2、._3_ plants lack brains,the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _4_ consciousness,researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untrue,according to a new opinion article.Plant biology is complex and fascinating,but it _5_ so greatly from
3、that of animals that so-called _6_ of plants intelligence is inconclusive,the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006,some scientists have _7_ that plants possess neuron-like cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,_8_“a plant nervous system,_9_ to that in animals,”said lead study author Lin
4、coln Taiz,“They _10_ claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.”This _11_ makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain,_12_ it to an array of electrical pulses;cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals._13_,the signaling in a plant is onl
5、y _14_ similar to the firing in a complex animal brain,which is more than“a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,”Taiz said.“For consciousness to evolve,a brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required,”he _16_.”Since plants dont have nervous systems,the _17_ that they h
6、ave consciousness are effectively zero.”And whats so great about consciousness,anyway?Plants cant run away from _18_,so investing energy in a body system which _19_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy,according to the article.1.A coined B discovered C collected D is
7、sued 2.A attributed B directed C compared D confined 3.A Unless B When C Once D Though 4.A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to 5.A suffers B benefits C develops D differs 6.A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation 历年考试真题2023 年整理 7.A doubted B denied C argued D requested 8.A a
8、dapting B forming C repairing D testing 9.A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive 10.A just B ever C still D even 11.A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand 12.A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing 13.A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise 14.A temporarily B literally
9、C superficially D imaginarily 15.A list B level C label D load 16.A recalled B agreed C questioned D added 17.A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions 18.A danger B failure C warning D control 19.A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes 20.A humble B poor C practical D easy 答案解析:1.A coined 2.
10、C compared 3.D Though 4.C hinted at 5.D differs 6.B evidence 7.C argued 历年考试真题2023 年整理 8.B forming 9.A analogous 10.D even 11.C perspective 12.B reducing 13.A However 14.C superficially 15.B level 16.D added 17.A chances 18.A danger 19.D recognizes 20.B poor Section II Reading Comprehension Part A D
11、irections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 People often complain that plastics are too durable.Water bottles,shopping bags,and other trash litter the planet,from Mount Everest to the Mari
12、ana Trench,because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily.But some plastic materials change over time.They crack and frizzle.They“weep”out additives.They melt into sludge.All of which creates huge headaches for institutions,such as museums,trying to preserve culturally important objects.
13、The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying:early radios,avant-garde sculptures,celluloid animation stills from Disney films,the first artificial heart.历年考试真题2023 年整理 Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients prop
14、erly,says Thea van Oosten,a polymer chemist who,until retiring a few years ago,worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.“Its like baking a cake:If you dont have exact amounts,it goes wrong,”she says.“The object you make is already a time bomb.”And sometimes,its not the a
15、rtists fault.In the 1960s,the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright,colorful foam pieces.Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen“nature carpets”large rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins,cabbages,and watermelons.He wanted viewers
16、to walk around on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately,the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable.Its especially vulnerable to light damage,and by the mid-1990s,Gilardis pumpkins,roses,and other figures were splitting and crumbling.Museums locked some of them away in
17、 the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures.They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals.Van Oosten calls those chemicals“sunscreens”because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers.She is proud that severa
18、l sculptures have even gone on display again,albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens,preservation of plastics will likely get harder.Old objects continue to deteriorate.Worse,biodegradable plastics,designed to disintegrate,are increasingly common.And more i
19、s at stake here than individual objects.Joana Lia Ferreira,an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technology,notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human historyStone Age,Iron Age,and so onafter examining artifacts in muse
20、ums.We now live in an age of plastic,she says,“and what we decide to collect today,what we decide to preserve will have a strong impact on how in the future well be seen.”21.According to Paragraph 1,museums are faced with difficulties in _.A maintaining their plastic items B obtaining durable plasti
21、c artifacts C handling outdated plastic exhibits D classifying their plastic collections 22.Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are _.历年考试真题2023 年整理 A immune to decay B improperly shaped C inherently flawed D complex in structure 23.Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardis artworks t
22、o _.A keep them from hurting visitors B duplicate them for future display C have their ingredients analyzed D prevent them from further damage 24.The author thinks that preservation of plastics is _.A costly B unworthy C unpopular D challenging 25.In Ferreira s opinion,preservation of plastic artifa
23、cts _.A will inspire future scientific research B has profound historical significance C will help us separate the material ages D has an impact on todays cultural life Section II Reading Comprehension 答案解析:21.A maintaining their plastic items 历年考试真题2023 年整理 22.C inherently flawed 23.D prevent them
24、from further damage 24.D challenging 25.B has profound historical significance Text 2 As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options,it may be worth considering just how the point,purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need
25、 to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school,got a decent degree,you would be set up for life.But that promise has been found wanting.As degrees became universal,they became devalued.Education was no longer a secure rout
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