细胞形态学检查精选PPT.ppt
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1、关于细胞形态学检查关于细胞形态学检查第1页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二第2页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n nIdentification of cultured adult rat RGCsIdentification of cultured adult rat RGCs.Cultured cells were co-labeled with anti-Thy-.Cultured cells were co-labeled with anti-Thy-1 antibody(A),anti-NF-L antibody(B),and DAPI(C).(D)A digitally merged i
2、mage 1 antibody(A),anti-NF-L antibody(B),and DAPI(C).(D)A digitally merged image simultaneously represents all three fluorescent labels.(E)The corresponding phase-simultaneously represents all three fluorescent labels.(E)The corresponding phase-contrast image.contrast image.第3页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二免疫荧光染色法免
3、疫荧光染色法n n用于标记二抗体的荧光素:n n(1)异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)n n发射的荧光波长为490619(绿色荧光)n n(2)四乙基罗丹明:荧光波长为540660(橙红色荧光)n n(3)DAPI或Hoechst33258:染核,用紫外激发n n 第4页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二免疫荧光的染色步骤免疫荧光的染色步骤n n1 1、用、用95%95%乙醇固定细胞乙醇固定细胞10-30 分或用冷丙酮固定分或用冷丙酮固定5 510分。分。n n2 2、用、用PBSPBS洗洗3 3次。次。n n3 3、用PBS配制的配制的1Triton 101Triton 10分。用PBSPBS洗3次次n
4、 n4 4、用、用2%2%5%BSA封闭封闭2 2 小时小时n n5 5、加入一抗过夜,PBSPBS洗洗3 3次次n n6 6、加入二抗、加入二抗12 2小时,小时,PBSPBS洗洗3 3次次n n7 7、核复染,荧光显微镜观察。、核复染,荧光显微镜观察。第5页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二正常细胞和组织的培养n n一、上皮细胞培养上皮细胞培养(epithelial culture)上皮细胞包括腺上皮是很多器官如肝、胰、乳腺等的功能成分,又由于癌起源于上皮组织,故上皮细胞培养特别受到重视。但上皮细胞培养中常混杂有成纤维细胞,培养时生长速度往往超过上皮细胞,并难以纯化,同时上皮细胞难以在体外长期生
5、存,因此纯化和延长生存时间是培养关键。第6页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n体内上皮细胞生长在胶原构成的基膜,因此培养在有胶原的底物上可能利于生长,另外人或小鼠表皮细胞培养在以3T3细胞为饲养层(用射线照射后)时,细胞易生长并可发生一定程度的分化现象。降低PH、Ca2+含量和温度,向培养基中加入表皮生长因子,均有利于表皮细胞生长。第7页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n表皮细胞培养表皮细胞培养n n1 1、取材:外科植皮或手术残余皮肤小块,早产流产儿、取材:外科植皮或手术残余皮肤小块,早产流产儿皮肤更好,取角化层薄者,切成皮肤更好,取角化层薄者,切成0.50.51 1平方厘米小块。平方厘米小
6、块。2 2、置0.02%EDTA0.02%EDTA中,室温,中,室温,5 5分钟。分钟。3、换入、换入0.25%0.25%胰蛋白酶中,胰蛋白酶中,4过夜。过夜。4 4、分离:取出皮块,用血管钳或镊子将表皮与真皮层分开。5、取出表皮,剪成更小的块后,置、取出表皮,剪成更小的块后,置0.25%胰酶中,37,30603060分钟。分钟。6、反复吹打,制成悬液。、反复吹打,制成悬液。7 7、培养:用、培养:用8080目不锈钢纱网滤过后,低速离心,目不锈钢纱网滤过后,低速离心,吸去上清。吸去上清。8 8、直接加入培养基(、直接加入培养基(EagleEagle加20%小牛血清)制成细小牛血清)制成细胞悬液
7、,接种入培养瓶,胞悬液,接种入培养瓶,COCO2 2温箱培养。温箱培养。第8页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二第9页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二Cultured Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells 第10页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二神经胶质细胞培养神经胶质细胞培养n n神经细胞(神经元不易培养,只有在适宜情况下,如接种在胶原底层上,或加入神经生长因子和胶质细胞因子时,可出现一定程度的分化,长出突起等现象,但很难使之增值。而神经胶质细胞是神经组织中比较容易培养的成分。人、鼠等脑组织即可用于神经胶质细胞培养,不仅能获得生长的胶质细胞,也可形成能传代的二倍体细胞系。一般说来,
8、胶质细胞在培养中生长不稳定,不易自发转化,但对外界因素仍保持很好的敏感性,第11页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n获取脑组织后,仔细剥除脑膜、血管和纤维成分,置获取脑组织后,仔细剥除脑膜、血管和纤维成分,置HanksHanks液中液中漂洗一、二次。漂洗一、二次。2 2、置于、置于30503050倍体积的倍体积的HanksHanks液中,此时脑组织比较柔软,液中,此时脑组织比较柔软,反复吹打即制成细胞悬液。反复吹打即制成细胞悬液。3 3、把悬液注入离心管室温中直立、把悬液注入离心管室温中直立510510分钟后,细胞或细胞分钟后,细胞或细胞团快自然下沉,脂肪等杂物易漂浮,可吸除上层、反复二、团快
9、自然下沉,脂肪等杂物易漂浮,可吸除上层、反复二、三次,即可排除脂肪成分和其它碎块并获较多细胞成分。三次,即可排除脂肪成分和其它碎块并获较多细胞成分。4 4、在沉降物中加入适量培养液,通过纱网过滤,计数并调、在沉降物中加入适量培养液,通过纱网过滤,计数并调整细胞密度。整细胞密度。5 5、接入培养瓶或皿中,置、接入培养瓶或皿中,置5%CO25%CO2温箱中培养。温箱中培养。该细胞适应环境过程较长,接种后贴壁较慢。贴壁后短期内也可该细胞适应环境过程较长,接种后贴壁较慢。贴壁后短期内也可能不见细胞分裂现象,然而一旦生长后即能迅速进入旺盛的增殖能不见细胞分裂现象,然而一旦生长后即能迅速进入旺盛的增殖状态
10、。细胞传代可以状态。细胞传代可以0.25%0.25%胰酶消化处理。胰酶消化处理。第12页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二Cultured neuron第13页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二Cultured microglia第14页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二大鼠肝细胞的培养大鼠肝细胞的培养(成年成年)n n培养液:Koga 培养液,最好加入Williams 和Waymouth MB752/1)n n消化液:型胶原酶300U/mg,使用浓度为0.025%n n方法方法:1 灌流法分离肝细胞:灌流法分离肝细胞:门静脉和下腔插管静门静脉和下腔插管静脉插管脉插管n n2、用预灌流液、用预灌流液(8.3 m
11、g/ml NaCl,0.5 mg/ml KCl,2.4 mg/ml HEPES,pH 7.4)灌流灌流8分钟分钟 第15页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n3、用含0.05%胶原酶的灌流液(预灌流液中加入5 mmol/LCaCl2,0.05%胶原酶)继续灌流10分钟。n n4、将肝叶剪下,将消化好的肝细胞轻轻刮下,获得的肝细胞悬液离心(600 r/min)三次,每次2分钟 n n5、然后重新悬浮于WE培养基中(含10%血清,Insulin 0.2 U/ml,L-Glutamine 0.292 mg/ml,100 nM dexamethasone)。n n6、Isolated cells wer
12、e plated on collagen type I-coated dishes in medium I consisting of Williams medium E。第16页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n nHepatocyte Isolation and CultureHepatocyte Isolation and Culture n nHepatocytes were isolated from the liver of fed Hepatocytes were isolated from the liver of fed male BALB/c mice(22-25 g)by u
13、sing the two-step male BALB/c mice(22-25 g)by using the two-step collagenase perfusion method.After the induction collagenase perfusion method.After the induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium of anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium(400mg/kg ip),the peritoneal cavity was(400mg/kg ip),the p
14、eritoneal cavity was opened,and the liver was perfused in situ via opened,and the liver was perfused in situ via the portal vein for 4min at 37C with calcium-the portal vein for 4min at 37C with calcium-free HEPES buffer and for 7min with HEPES free HEPES buffer and for 7min with HEPES buffer contai
15、ning 45mg/100 ml collagenase D buffer containing 45mg/100 ml collagenase D(Boehringer-Mannheim,Laval,QC,Canada)and(Boehringer-Mannheim,Laval,QC,Canada)and 135mg/100 ml CaCl2.The perfusion rate was set 135mg/100 ml CaCl2.The perfusion rate was set at 5ml/min for both solutions.at 5ml/min for both sol
16、utions.第17页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n nThe cells were used only if cell viability,as determined by trypan blue exclusion,was 80%.The cells were seeded onto plastic petri dishes(26,000cells/cm2)in Williams medium E(GIBCO BRL,Toronto,ON,Canada)supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum(GIBCO BRL)and allowed 90min t
17、o attach.The serum-containing medium was then removed,and the cells were subjected to different culture conditions in serum-free medium.第18页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n nFig.5.Fig.5.Morphology of EGF-treated mouse hepatocytes in the presence and Morphology of EGF-treated mouse hepatocytes in the presence and abs
18、ence of PD-168393.Primary mouse hepatocyte cultures were incubated with absence of PD-168393.Primary mouse hepatocyte cultures were incubated with medium(untreated)or EGF(50ng/ml)in the presence or absence of 10M PD-medium(untreated)or EGF(50ng/ml)in the presence or absence of 10M PD-168393.After 24
19、h in culture,EGF-treated hepatocytes were spread,and their cell 168393.After 24h in culture,EGF-treated hepatocytes were spread,and their cell surface increased compared with untreated cells.Hepatocytes treated with EGF in surface increased compared with untreated cells.Hepatocytes treated with EGF
20、in the presence of PD-168393 were spheroid and resembled control cells with or the presence of PD-168393 were spheroid and resembled control cells with or without PD-168393.Magnification,100.without PD-168393.Magnification,100.第19页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二大鼠心肌细胞的培养大鼠心肌细胞的培养n n新生大鼠鼠龄的选择新生大鼠鼠龄的选择n n新生大鼠心肌细胞在出生后3
21、d内具有部分的增殖能力,成年大鼠心肌细胞则为终末分化细胞,不再具有分裂增殖能力.因此,大鼠出生时间越短,其心肌细胞分离后成活率越高,越容易贴壁生长.大量观测表明,选择13 d龄大鼠分离其心肌细胞进行原代培养较为理想.其中尤以半日龄大鼠心肌细胞培养效果最佳.第20页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二神经细胞分散培养神经细胞分散培养n n(一)(一)(一)(一)选材选材选材选材 常用胚胎动物或新生鼠神经组织。鸡胚常用常用胚胎动物或新生鼠神经组织。鸡胚常用胚龄胚龄6-8d6-8d,新生鼠或胎鼠(,新生鼠或胎鼠(12-14d12-14d)或人胚胎。不过也有认为与组织相关。如大白鼠胚胎以19d19d为宜,小为
22、宜,小鼠以鼠以18d18d为宜,大鼠纹状体以为宜,大鼠纹状体以10d为宜;若纹状体与黑质为宜;若纹状体与黑质联合培养的大鼠胚,则黑质以联合培养的大鼠胚,则黑质以13d13d,纹状体,纹状体18-21d18-21d为宜;为宜;小脑以小脑以20-21d20-21d小鼠胚胎,所获蒲氏细胞成活率高,颗粒小鼠胚胎,所获蒲氏细胞成活率高,颗粒细胞正在分化;脊髓与细胞正在分化;脊髓与DRGDRG联合培养,常用联合培养,常用4-7d4-7d鸡胚或12-14d12-14d小鼠胚胎,取材易,神经成活率高。小鼠胚胎,取材易,神经成活率高。第21页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n(二)取材。脑则取出相应组织,在解剖
23、液中先剪碎,以使胰酶消化。脊髓则固定于琼脂板上,用小刀将其要成背腹两侧,分别培养。n n(三)细胞分离与接种。神经组织用0.125-0.25%胰蛋白酶在37孵育30min,移入接种液,停止消化,并洗去胰蛋白酶液,用细口吸管吹打细胞悬液,使其充分分散,如此多次,待沉淀后吸出上层细胞悬液,计数,预置细胞密度,接种于培养皿(1106),做电生理应为5105或更低。第22页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n(四)抑制胶质细胞生长。培养3-5d后,也有人认为培养7d后,用阿糖胞苷,或5-FU抑制神经胶质细胞的生长。(五)观察。接种6-12h,开始贴壁,并有集合现象,细胞生长突起明显,5-7d胶质细胞增生
24、明显,7-10d胶质细胞成片于神经细胞下面,形成地毯,2周时神经细胞生长最丰满,四周晕光明显,一个月后,有些神经细胞开始退化,变形,甚至出现空泡,一般培养2-4周最宜。第23页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二n n但神经细胞只能增大,而不能增殖,只能原代,不能传代,不会有细胞周期,而且随培养时间的延长,细胞数量在下降,但胶质细胞可以,神经胶质细胞也可以。在培养过程中,早期9-12d时,有较多的神经细胞死亡,这是第一次死亡阶段,应注意保持条件的恒定。在此之后存活下去的细胞一般突起长而多,且相互形成突触。第24页,讲稿共74张,创作于星期二Neuronal culturen n1.Rat pups a
25、ged l-l 5 d,were killed by cervical 1.Rat pups aged l-l 5 d,were killed by cervical dislocation.dislocation.n n2.Cortex placed in Earles balanced salt solution (BSS)at 37C.and cut into 500 urn slices n n3.Slices of visual cortex were incubated at 37C with gentle stirring in 10 ml of enzyme solution
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