高中英语主谓一致精选ppt课件.ppt

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1、关于高中英语主谓一致课件第1页，此课件共53页哦Useful structures 所谓主谓一致所谓主谓一致(agreement)(agreement)是指是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。决定着谓语动词对应的形式。第2页，此课件共53页哦The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the follo

2、wing exercises:第3页，此课件共53页哦Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows/know第4页，此课件共53页哦主谓一致主要有以下

3、几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候主语的时候,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种两种情况：情况：(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上如果指两个或两个以上不同的不同的人或事物的时候人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则are第5页，此课件共53页哦(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一同一个人或物个人或物,或

4、者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候,谓语谓语要用要用单数单数。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。isis第6页，此课件共53页哦2.如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式,动词动词ing形式或主语从句形式或主语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming seems very important.他什么时候要来看起来

5、很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her is not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.第7页，此课件共53页哦3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom,who is your friend,should

6、help you.I,who am your friend,will certainly help you.第8页，此课件共53页哦4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓谓语动词的数语动词的数随主语的变化而变化随主语的变化而变化,即从前一即从前一致的原则致的原则。例如：。例如：The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in t

7、he street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。第9页，此课件共53页哦1.either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。致。二、就近原二、就近原则则Neither you nor I am wrong.There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but als

8、o the teacher wishes for a holiday.第10页，此课件共53页哦三、意三、意义义一致原一致原则则 所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是而是其其实际意义实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是有的主语名词在形式上是单数单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数但在意义上却是单数。第11页，此课件共53页哦1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作作主语主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语

9、动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。are isNone of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。is are第12页，此课件共53页哦2.the rest of;half of;part of;the majority/minority of;percent of;one third of在句子中在句子中加名词作主语的时候加名

10、词作主语的时候,谓语动词与谓语动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition.（have)Half of the apple _bad.(be)About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.(be)haveisare第13页，此课件共53页哦3.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调的意思决定。强调整体整体谓语动词用单数；指谓语动词用单数；指全体人员全体人员时

11、时,动词动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。His family _going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are(be)第14页，此课件共53页哦4.某些名词如某些名词如people,police,cattle等等,形式上形式上是单数是单数,但意义上是复数但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用谓语动词应用复数复数。people指指“民族民族”时是例外

12、。时是例外。The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.第15页，此课件共53页哦5.复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数单数，如如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone is asking for you.有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the r

13、oom.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。第16页，此课件共53页哦6.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但当但当它们被它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时,谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数。如数。如:The pair of shoes is worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。第17页，此课件共53页哦7.某些名词以某些名词以s结尾表示学科、机构等如结尾表示学科、机构等如maths,politics,physics,news,

14、plastics,the United States,the United Nations 等，谓语等，谓语动词应用单数。动词应用单数。Physics is a very interesting subject.物理物理是一门很有趣的学科。是一门很有趣的学科。The United States is a developed country.No news is good news.第18页，此课件共53页哦8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中and连接的单数连接的单数名词名词,整个短语在句中作主语时整个短语在句中作主语

15、时,谓语动词常谓语动词常使用单数。使用单数。Each man and each woman is asked to attend.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard.听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。第19页，此课件共53页哦9.以以a number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用复谓语动词用复数数;以以the number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语动谓语动词用单数。词用单数。A number of ne

16、w books are on the desk.The number of students in you class is 50.第20页，此课件共53页哦10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时作主语的时候候,其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works（工厂）（工厂）,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。Not every means is useful.Not all means are useful.A large steel works was built her

17、e in the thirties.A number of steel works were built here in the thirties.第21页，此课件共53页哦11.many a,more than one,one and a half与与单数名词组成的短语单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。Many a boy has seen it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。More than one car was damaged in the accident.One and a half cake was eaten by the boy.第22页，此课件共53页哦1

18、2.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years is not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.500 dollars is quite a large sum of money for the poor man.第23页，此课件共53页哦1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这这种书种书),其谓语用单数其谓语用单数;2.短语短语this kind of men=men of

19、 this kind 3.但但this kind of men 的谓语用单数的谓语用单数,men of this kind 谓语用谓语用复数复数3.all kinds of 后跟复数名词后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形谓语用复数形式。例如：式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题:第24页，此课件共53页哦4.在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如主语一致。例如:Between the two windows han

20、gs a picture.5.“分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其其谓语动词谓语动词要与短语中要与短语中of 后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词。例如这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.第25页，此课件共53页哦6.a(larg

21、e)quantity of 修饰修饰可数或不可数可数或不可数名词名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词根据修饰的名词而定谓语动词根据修饰的名词而定。A large quantity of people are needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主其短语作主语时语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.第26页，此课件共53页哦7.a large amount of+修饰不可数名词作主语时修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用

22、谓语动词通常用单数单数;large amounts of+不可不可数名词作主语时数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用复数复数。例如。例如:A large amount of damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.第27页，此课件共53页哦8.如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词(或分词或分词)”结构担任时结构担任时指指某一类人某一类人时时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词有这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the

23、blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed,the living 等等;例如：例如：The blind study in special schools.The rich are not always happy.The injured were rushed to hospital.第28页，此课件共53页哦 主谓一致与高考主谓一致与高考 1.语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致

24、。考虑主谓一致。2.短文改错中也常有主谓一致错误。短文改错中也常有主谓一致错误。3.写作中要注意谓语动词的单复数，写作中要注意谓语动词的单复数，考虑主谓一致。考虑主谓一致。第29页，此课件共53页哦1.Either you or the headmaster _(be)to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.谓语与谓语与the headmaster一致，故一致，故be用第三人称单用第三人称单数数is,“be+to do”表示安排好的事。表示安排好的事。is一、单句填空一、单句填空 灵活运用灵活运用 第30页，

25、此课件共53页哦2.The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_(visit)a museum when the earthquake struck.谓语与谓语与the teacher一致，又根据惯用句型结构一致，又根据惯用句型结构was/were doing.when.可知，用过去进行可知，用过去进行时态。时态。was visiting第31页，此课件共53页哦3.Two fifths of the land in that district _(be)covered with trees and grass.谓语与谓语与the lan

26、d一致，用单数。一致，用单数。is第32页，此课件共53页哦4.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,_(work)in the clothing industry.因因a large number of(许多许多)短语作主语，谓语用短语作主语，谓语用复数；由复数；由nowadays可知，用一般现在时。可知，用一般现在时。work第33页，此课件共53页哦5.With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth _(w

27、ash)away each year.因因quantities of作主语作主语,谓语用复数；又需要谓语用复数；又需要用被动式，指近些年或近阶段正在发生的事，用被动式，指近些年或近阶段正在发生的事，用现在进行时。用现在进行时。are being washed第34页，此课件共53页哦6.He is the only one of the students who _(be)a winner of scholarship for three years.谓语应与谓语应与the only one一致，又由一致，又由for three years可知用可知用完成时。完成时。7.Every possi

28、ble means _(use)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.由由every可知可知means是单数是单数,由语境可知用完成时。由语境可知用完成时。has been usedhas been第35页，此课件共53页哦8.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(not,decide)yet.不定式作主语，谓语用单数；由不定式作主语，谓语用单数；由yet可知用完成时。可知用完成时。9.She has set a new record,that is,t

29、he sales of her latest book _(reach)50 million.主语是复数主语是复数sales；又由前句的；又由前句的has set可知用现在完成可知用现在完成时态。时态。has not been decidedhave reached第36页，此课件共53页哦10.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_(work)on the project day and night to meet the deadline.主语主语Professor Smith是单数，又由语境可知用是单数，又由语境可知用现在进行时。现在进行时

30、。is working第37页，此课件共53页哦11.He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.在主格在主格he后，后，pretend是谓语动词，又由与之是谓语动词，又由与之并列的并列的giving可知，是过去进行时，主语是第可知，是过去进行时，主语是第三人称单数，故填三人称单数，故填was pretending。was pretending第38页，此课件共53页哦12.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.”Jane _(inform).在主语在主语J

31、ane后的后的inform应是谓语动词，应是谓语动词，Jane与与inform是被动关系，要用是被动关系，要用“be+过去分词过去分词”；由语境可知是一般过去时，主语是第三；由语境可知是一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，故人称单数，故was informed。was informed第39页，此课件共53页哦三、单句改错三、单句改错 1.Tom have been reading that book all the morning so he is tired now.have has 主语为第三人称单数，与主语为第三人称单数，与all the morning连用，应为现在完成进行时。连用，应为

32、现在完成进行时。2.As everybody knows,politics are now taught in all schools.are is 以以-ics结尾的学科名词，如结尾的学科名词，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。单数。第40页，此课件共53页哦3.Kate,one of my good friends,come from Ge comes 主语主语Kate为第三人称单数，谓为第三人称单数，谓语为一般现在时，用语为一般现在时，用comes。4.As we all know,people speaks En

33、glish all over the world.speaks speak 因因people作作“人，人们人，人们”讲时，讲时，总是以单数形式表示复数概念，因而谓语动词总是以单数形式表示复数概念，因而谓语动词用用speak。第41页，此课件共53页哦5.The teacher,together with his students,are planting trees on the street.are is 当主语后面有当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except等介词或短语介词连接的名词时

34、，谓语等介词或短语介词连接的名词时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。因为在英语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。因为在英语里，介词短语是不能作主语的，作主语只能是里，介词短语是不能作主语的，作主语只能是名词、代词，或相当于名词的短语或句子充当。名词、代词，或相当于名词的短语或句子充当。第42页，此课件共53页哦6.Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday.wish wishes 在在not only but also,either or，neither nor 等结构中，谓等结构中，谓语动词的人称和数常常与动词离得

35、最近的那个语动词的人称和数常常与动词离得最近的那个主语保持一致。主语保持一致。第43页，此课件共53页哦7.It is the parents and their son that wants to buy the bicycle.wants want 此句为强调句，强调的是主语此句为强调句，强调的是主语 the parents and their son，为复数。，为复数。8.Many a student have been sent to plant trees.have has 因因“many a+单数可数名词单数可数名词”作作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词主语时，从意义上看是复数

36、，但谓语动词常用单数，以便与名词的数一致。常用单数，以便与名词的数一致。第44页，此课件共53页哦9.Bill was standing at the side of the car,talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.was were 因先行词因先行词 two men 是复数，从句是复数，从句的主语的主语who是代表先行词的，也是复数，所以是代表先行词的，也是复数，所以定语从句的谓语动词也用复数。定语从句的谓语动词也用复数。10.To read English aloud every morning do you a lot

37、 of good.do does 不定式、动名词，以及从句作主语不定式、动名词，以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。第45页，此课件共53页哦写作中的主谓一致写作中的主谓一致1.写人写景：Shanghai,located in the east of China,_(cover)an area of 6340 square kilometres and _(have)a population of 13.8 million.There _(be)many places of interest in China,among which _(be)the Gr

38、eat Wall.Jay Chou,who_(be)popular with the teenagers,has received many awards for his songs.Zhong Nanshan,one of the most famous doctors in China,_(bear)in Guangzhou in 1941.covershasareis iswas born第46页，此课件共53页哦写作中的主谓一致写作中的主谓一致2.活动、讨论或问卷调查报道及通知：Last week,we _(have)a heated discussion about the adva

39、ntages and disadvantages of online shopping.Recently,the Students Union _(conduct)a survey among all the students in our school about whether they prefer digital textbooks to traditional textbooks.The survey_(show)that 63%of the surveyed _(prefer)digital textbooks while the rest _(prefer)traditional

40、 ones.A lecture _(give)by Professor Smith tomorrow on the development of leadership.hadhas conducted showspreferpreferwill be given第47页，此课件共53页哦1.Two-fifths of the land in that district _(be)covered with trees and grass.2.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_(hope)to go to univer

41、sity.3.The number of students in this school _(rise)by 5%every year.4.Last year a library with five thousand books _(offer)to the nation as a gift.5.E-mail,as well as telephone,_(play)an important part in daily communication.Test yourself!ishopesriseswas offeredplays第48页，此课件共53页哦6.Nobody but Jane _(

42、know)the secret.7.All but one _(be)here just now.8.Either you or the headmaster _(be)to hand out the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.9.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _(be)tired of having one examination after another.knowswereisare第49页，此课件共53页哦10.She is one of the few girls who _(be

43、)well paid in the kindergarten.11.He is the only one of the students who _(be)a winner of scholarship for three years.12.When and where to build the new factory _(have)not been decided yet13.Every possible means _(have)been used to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.arehas beenhash

44、as第50页，此课件共53页哦 熟读深思熟读深思 My seatmate James,whose parents have been teaching1 English in Guangzhou for ten years,comes2 from the United States,which is3 one of the most developed countries in the world.He as well as his parents enjoys4 living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find5 i

45、t difficult to adapt to the life in China.In their opinion,many a custom here is6 easy to understand and ten years is7 enough for them to get used to all the customs.第51页，此课件共53页哦I,together with James,extremely like8 English but physics seems9 rather difficult for us.Besides,both he and I are10 very

46、 fond of reading story books,and the Arabian Nights is11 one of the most interesting books that have been read12 by us.Our class is13 united as a big family.Now the class are14 preparing for the coming sports meet,so large quantities of our recent time have been spent15on it.第52页，此课件共53页哦感谢大家观看第53页，此课件共53页哦