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1、关于常见英语构词法第一页,讲稿共十四页哦1 affixation 词缀法是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化,只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-+understand v.理解-misunderstand v.误解 en-+large adj.大的-enlarge v.扩大 (Page 247:Appendix III)第二页,讲稿共十四页哦后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。humor n.幽默 -humorous adj.幽默的real adj.真实的-realize v.实现trend n.潮流,时尚-trendy adj.时尚
2、的特殊情况:help n.帮助 -helpless adj.无助的duty n.关税 -dutyfree adj.免税的1 affixation 词缀法第三页,讲稿共十四页哦2 Compounding 合成法由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词n.+n.six-year-old greenhouse baby-sitter snowfallTheme park mail ordermother-tongue doorbellsister-in-law death penaltysunglasses mineral watersunflower credit cardbestman housewo
3、rkbridesmaid shoe shop第四页,讲稿共十四页哦n.+adj=n./adjcolor-blind duty-freeworld-famous toothachen.+v-ing=n./adjproof-reading watch-makinghand-writting record-breakingearth shaking peace-loving n+v-ed=adjhand-made heart-broken 第五页,讲稿共十四页哦adj.+n.=n.shorthand white-face(?)first-class high-speed long-distance
4、quick-chargeadj.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.new-born good-looking deep-breathingfar-reaching cold-blooded left-handed adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj.hard-woking fast-developing well-known newly-built 第六页,讲稿共十四页哦v-ing.+n.=nsitting room dining car running waterworking people flying fishv.+n.=n.pickpocket(?)breakwater(放浪堤)wo
5、rkplacev.+adv.=n.get-together take-away(熟食)die-hard(死硬派)breakthrough workout 第七页,讲稿共十四页哦3 conversion 词性转化法是指有一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.water n.水-water v.浇水hand n.手-hand in上交 v.telephone n.电话-telephone v.打电话look v.看-take a look n.empty adj.空的-To empty the basket v.stop v.停止-n.车站interest.waste
6、.present.close.back.spareage.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare.last.lift.line.labour.hit.object.open.mean.stampmatch.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense第八页,讲稿共十四页哦4 Acronym(首字母缩略词)CAD;VIP;WHO;BBC;OPEC;AIDS;CIA;CEO;NPC;FBIcomputer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 very important person 重要的人;贵宾world health or
7、ganization 世界卫生组织British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 爱滋病;获得性免疫功能丧失综合症Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Chief Executive Officer(公司等的)总经理,总裁National Peoples Congress(中国)全国人民代表大会Federal Bureau of Investigation (美国
8、)联邦调查局第九页,讲稿共十四页哦5 Clipping 剪切法从某个词的完整形式中截取一个或更多音节Lab-laboratory 图书馆auto-automobile 汽车Gas-gasoline 汽油Copter-helicopter 直升飞机Scope-telescope 望远镜Flu-influenza 流感fridge-refrigerator 冰箱ad-advertisement 广告phone-telephone 电话第十页,讲稿共十四页哦6 Blending 混合法Comsat=communication+satellite 通讯卫星Smog=smoke+fog 烟雾motel=
9、motor+hotel brunch=breakfast+lunch 第十一页,讲稿共十四页哦7.Onomatopoeia 拟声法Onomatopoeia,nmtpi:拟声法拟声词(echo words):发音与其所指之间存在很多自然的相似关系。cuckoo;mew;ding-dong;click;quack;hiss杜鹃;猫;门铃;键盘、门锁;鸭子;蛇Echo-words(拟声词)are universal features in any language.第十二页,讲稿共十四页哦8 Borrowing words from other languages 外来语来自汉语:jiaozi 饺子Stinky tofu 臭豆腐 Pinyin 拼音 paper tiger 纸老虎 kungfu 功夫Confucius 孔子来自日语:bengto 便当judo 柔道karaoke 卡拉OKkimono 和服sushi 寿司tsunami 海啸tatami 榻榻米来自印第安语:canoe 独木舟Eskimo 爱斯基摩人hurricane 飓风来自法语:salon 沙龙 sl:n resume 简历rzu:mnaive 天真的nai:vsouvenir 纪念品su:vnrfiance 未婚夫fi:nse第十三页,讲稿共十四页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第十四页,讲稿共十四页哦
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