解析高考英语阅读中的长难句.doc

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1、标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】1解析高考英语阅读中的长难句解析高考英语阅读中的长难句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是主从复合句 ( 1 ) We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised money for them. ( 2 ) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died on Ap

2、ril 21 in Barcelona. ( 3 ) The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options. 二、长难句阅读法：结构分析法 ：明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；B.找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语)，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。C.层层分析，层层剥离句句 子子判判 断断简简单单句句并并列列句句复复合合句句主主 干干并并列列连连词词从从属属连连词词句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句

3、，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两 部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结 构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语， 更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成 分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 三、长难句之分门别类篇 1.带有较多成分的简单句：去枝叶, 留主干。 Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teacher

4、s, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures . (2009 江苏) 2.含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词,分析从句, 理解句意。Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he didnt know that his friends m

5、arriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none

6、 of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam, the 标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】2Conqueror. 3.含有插入语的句子: 忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题. 这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中插入一些或长或短的成分或句子，比如同位语（从句） 、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的 语义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为“打岔”。有时有逗号或破折号分开， The la

7、ck of right male (男性的) role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment (环境)means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008 辽宁卷 C 篇)Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardiz

8、ed and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.4. 成分省略: 把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will. 5. 倒装句: 确定主语, 调整语序,把握大意. Before 1066,

9、 in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups. 四、长难句之小试牛刀篇 1.Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈) of elephants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms, allowing wildlife workers to drive them off rather than

10、shoot them. 2.I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head against the wall for months trying to get a story about a mysterious “dark force” in cosmology(宇宙学) past editors at New Yorker. 五、 备考方法： 1. 意群阅读法When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unb

11、elted driver would meet the windshieldwith a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters. 分析：是状语从句，是主句，是 with 引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样， 把整个句子划为 3 个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。 2.剥丝抽茧法 先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分层理解修饰成分 或附加成分。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句 与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。是名词

12、性从句，还是状语从句，标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】3或是定语从句。另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意， 又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如 在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了， 3. 良好习惯 多尝试分析长难句并找出 20 个长难句进行朗读并背诵。 六、长难句理解朗诵：1. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to

13、 force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.（NMET1999） 也攻读生物学的哈利说他们要制造尽可能大的噪音来迫使政府官员们认识到大家正 不得不忍受的东西。 简析：句型结构 as.as possible 尽可能地2. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldnt help laughing at the one who couldnt keep pace

14、with the others as they march along.（NMET 98） 但当约翰和他的战友们出现时，一些观看的人们禁不住嘲笑那个在行进中不能同步 的那个人（约翰）。 简析：句子结构较复杂，关键词 keep pace with 与步伐一致。 3. The measure of a mans real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.（NMET 96） 衡量一个人真正品质的标准是看如果他知道他不会被别人发现的情况下他会做些什 么事。简析：表语从句中还含有虚拟语气。 4. W

15、aiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.（NMET 94） 菲力浦帕底特在 110 层高的建筑物上，人群拥挤的大街上空等候。 简析：含倒装句型及分词用法。5. It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the doorwhich was twenty feet awaybefore the animal reache

16、d it.（NMET90） 事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前 （距离 20 英尺远）将门锁上。 简析：句型结构 It happened that事情发生是这样的。6. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with? （NMET2000）标出各句动词种

17、类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】4我怎么才能让父亲卸完车上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢？ 我还要和这些女孩一起度过以后的日子。 简析：关键词 make a scene 大吵大闹，出洋相。7. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are. （NMET2000.24） 重要的是你做这件工作的能力，而不是你来自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。 简析：强调句型 It is +强调部分+that / who+从句。8.

18、The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （NMET2000.21） 世贸组织如果没有一个占世界五分之一人口的大国加入的话，那么它就不能名副其 实。 简析：关键词 live up to ones name 名副其实。9. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as

19、 they melted and refroze in the snow. （NMET2001） 大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变 大了。 简析：关键词 nothing more than only。10. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time . （NMET2001.27） 房子装修花费我的闲暇时间不多。 简析：句型结构 little of 的用法，例 We see very little of our children (we do not see

20、 them often) now that they are grown up.孩子们已经长大了，所以我们 现在很少见到他们。11. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it. （NMET2002 .33） 据说在澳大利亚土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去处理。 简析：含比较级句型。12. In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.（NMET2003） 在一定程度上，我

21、认为我们都赢了，我赢得了这次比赛，伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。简析：承前省略谓语动词 won。13. So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shap

22、e .（NMET2003）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】5因此当伊德来参加我们的比赛时,我发现他不仅将衬衫的底部扎进裤里,而且几乎注 意不到他的肚子,我感到很惊奇,以致无话可说,我的表弟过去一定努力把自己训练好,保 持很好的竞技状态。14. As a result , at the point in our game when Id have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 and Ed wa

23、s leading.（NMET2003） 就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是 9 比 1，结果比分反而 是 7 比 9，伊德暂时领先。 简析：关键词 figure on 预计，估计；in ones favor 对某人有利。15. After all, Eds idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort- making than lifting a fork to his mouth.（NMET2003） 要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。 简析：含比较级句型。16. After all,

24、eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it. 八十大寿，毕竟非同一般，不管怎么说你又活了十年，或者说熬了十年，是活还是熬， 全在于你怎么看了。简析：关键词 endure (stand; bear; put up with)忍受。17. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, u

25、nless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. 他禁不住寻思起来，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有条船，他用无线电能联系上的 最近的人远在 885 英里以外的岛上。简析：含虚拟语气。18. It covered the whole distance from broken hearted misery to bursting happinesstoo fast. 先是令人心碎的痛苦，继而是极度的喜悦，从一个极端到另一个极端变换得实在太 快了。简析：比喻形象生动。19. I went around to th

26、e front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little. 我绕到房子的前面，坐在台阶上，哭了一阵之后，我感到阵阵心痛，我的父亲心里肯 定也有一点不好受。 简析：动作描写，情真意切。 20 Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to de

27、vote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades. 标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】6她受过重罚，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力 量来帮助其他同志。 简析：含有让步状语从句及形容词短语作状语。 21. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made. 目前的问题是，很多

28、人把其实只要付诸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。 简析：consider 后的宾语后置。22. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160 foot tall Tree of Life. 穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵 160 英尺高的生命之树。 简析：含有两个倒装句。23. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belta mi

29、stake 75% of the US population make every day. （NMET1999. D 篇）爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带这是 75% 的美国人每天犯的一个错误。 简析：关键词 for a run 去跑步。24. After all, what lively children wouldnt settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the o

30、ther half of the day? （NMET1999. E 篇） 毕竟，难道这些活泼可爱的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课，半天搞表演、 唱歌、舞蹈等舞台训练吗？ 简析：反问句式，语气强烈。25. Decision thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. （NMET2000. C 篇） 做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想

31、的，还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看 的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。 简析：含较复杂的句型结构 not unlike=like not onlybut also不仅而且26. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply cant think of. （NMET2000.D 篇） 这些词，是我编造的，只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。 简析：关键词 make up 编造。27. That you wont be for long means it wont be long b

32、efore youll have to recycle your rubbish. （NMET2000. E 篇） 你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。 简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】728. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghais car rental

33、 industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.（NMET2001. A 篇） 主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说， 上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。 简析：关键词 rest in 依赖。29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France b

34、ecause the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does. （NMET2001. D 篇） 当美国人第一次游览欧洲时，他们通常发现德国比法国对他们来说更加“陌生”，因 为他们在标牌和广告上看到的德语，比起法语更加不同于英语。简析： 含比较级句型结构。30. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out

35、 in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating. （NMET2001. D 篇） 我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在 家里准备煮着吃，这就表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人 在大吃大喝。简析：含对比。31. For the most pa

36、rt, interactions between men are emotionally controlled a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.（NMET2001. E 篇） 就大部分而言，男人间的交往在感情上受控制，这与“男子汉气概” 的社会要求是 相符合的。简析：关键词 for the most part 就大部分而言。32. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarket

37、s across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. （NMET2002. B 篇） 戈德是对有机食品感兴趣众多购买者当中的一位，遍及英国的超市依赖更多像他那 样的购买者，因为他们要增加有机食品生意。简析：关键词 count on 依赖。33. He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in som

38、e way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIIIs six wives. （NMET2002. D 篇） 他曾认识到那本书里第一幅图画下面的那些词“一、六、八”在某些方面将这个野 兔和阿拉甘的凯撒英，即亨利八世的六个妻子当中的第一个妻子，联系起来。标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】8简析：夹杂宾语从句及过去分词短语。34. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and theyre very interactive and creat

39、ive in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. （NMET2002. E 篇） 我们的（生日）聚会针对两到十岁的小孩，它们互动感强，富有创新，因为它们能 基于一个主题构建一种戏剧的氛围。简析：关键词 aim for 针对；in that 在于。35. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began. （N

40、MET2003 .C 篇）牛顿被证明是一位很有才华的科学家，他处于一个魔术终结科学开启的历史时期， 他也有普通人所特有的弱点。简析：夹杂两个定语从句。36. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in w

41、orking out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C 篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难， 包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了 能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 37. It is difficult to measure the quantity of pa

42、per used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.

43、（NMET2003.E 篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工 作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对 于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词 just about 几乎；overtime 超时地。 38. Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was consider

44、ed the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could

45、 be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.(NMET2008 全国 ll D 篇)标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）标出各句动词种类和相应的句子成分（定）名名 【状状】9简析：第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语 found in cocoa 作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；第二个句子中有一个定语从句。译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可 可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学

46、的研究员们说道：这种发现可能 有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈 了一大步”。 实例： 53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine_.A.cannot be as effective as codeineB.can be harmful to peoples healthC.cannot be separated from chocolateD. can be a more effective cure for coughs 39. Much of the energy that comes from t

47、he Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷 B 篇)简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键

48、。 either .or 连结的是并列结构。译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中 的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中，有 30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反 射，剩下的 70%使地球的表面温暖。实例： 60.Only a small part of the Suns energy reaches the Earths surface because most of it is_.A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphereB.reflected by the gases in the upper at

49、mosphereC.lost in the upper and lower atmosphereD.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes 40. The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuita