专四 比较结构.ppt

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1、比比 较较 结结 构构 1 Test Yourselfn n1)Radio,televisionandpress_ofconveyingnewsandinformation.(1995.6)A.arethemostthreecommonmeansn nB.arethemostcommonthreemeansn nC.arethethreemostcommonmeansn nD.arethreethemostcommonmeansn nCn nn n2)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasnt2)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainly

2、loud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudness_byhislackoftalent.botheredbyhisloudness_byhislackoftalent.(1999.1)(1999.1)A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchasA.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchasn nDD 3)Americanseat_astheyactuallyneedevery3)Americanseat_astheyactuallyneedeveryday.(1998.6)day.(1998.6)n nA.twiceasmuchproteinB

3、.twiceproteinasmuchA.twiceasmuchproteinB.twiceproteinasmuchtwicetwiceC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuchC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuchn nAAn n4)Thelittlemanwas_morethanonemeterfifty4)Thelittlemanwas_morethanonemeterfiftytall.(1995.1)tall.(1995.1)n nA.nearlyB.quiteC.hardlyD.almostA.nea

4、rlyB.quiteC.hardlyD.almostCCn n5)Certainprogramsworkbetterforsome_for5)Certainprogramsworkbetterforsome_forothers.(1995.1)others.(1995.1)A.andB.thanC.asD.butA.andB.thanC.asD.butn nBBn nn n6)Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion_.(1995.1)A.tobepaidmorethanamonthlaten nB.tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthn nC

5、.topaylaterthanamonthmoren nD.topaylatemorethanamonthAA 英语中比较结构最主要有三种：1.1.asas 结构2.2.morethan 结构3.3.themost结构1.asas结构结构基本模式：as+adj/adv(原级）+as否定形式：1)notas/so+adj/adv(原级）+as2)也可用 lessthan e.g John is as bright as Bob.(否定）John is not as bright as Bob.John is less bright than Bob.n n另一种模式：as much/many+n

6、+asn n 否定形式：not as/so much/many+n+asn n1)He took as much butter as he needed.n nHe didnt take as/so much butter as he needed.n n2)She has written as many essays as her brother(does).n nShe hasnt written as many essays as her brother(does).n n变体形式：as+adj(原级）+名词词组+asn n(注意下列句子的语序）n n1.George is as eff

7、icient a worker as Jack.n n (名词的意义受到强调）n nor George is a worker(who is)asefficientasJack.(形容词的意义受到强调）n n2.I dont want asexpensiveacaras this.真题举例真题举例n nThere are as good fish in the sea _ ever came out of it.(2007,51)n nA.than B.like C.as D.son nCn n【译文译文】海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。（纵海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。（纵然失去一个机会，不愁没有其他机会

8、。）然失去一个机会，不愁没有其他机会。）n n【详解详解】本句改自爱尔兰谚语：本句改自爱尔兰谚语：Theres as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it.2.more than结构结构The concert wasThe concert was more more enjoyable enjoyable than than lecture.lecture.The present crisis is The present crisis is much moremuch more a political a political than tha

9、n an an economic crisis.economic crisis.当前的危机与其说是当前的危机与其说是经济经济危机，不如说是危机，不如说是政治政治危机。危机。此用法也可用于此用法也可用于lessthanlessthan结构，但得出结构，但得出相反相反的含的含义。义。ThepresentcrisisisThepresentcrisisismuchlessmuchlessapoliticalapoliticalthanthan ananeconomiccrisis.economiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是当前的危机与其说是政治政治危机，不如说是危机，不如说是经济经济危机。危机

10、。补充说明补充说明not soas London isnt so big as Tokyo.not so much as 与其说不如说It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。）真题举例：真题举例：n n1.It is not so much the language _ the background that makes the book difficult to understand.(99,45)(07.57)n nA.that B.as C.so D.verynBn

11、【详解详解】本题考察的是本题考察的是not so much as这一比较结构的用法，意为这一比较结构的用法，意为“与其与其说说不如说不如说”。n n2.That trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent.(04,51)n nA.so much as B.rather than C.as D.thannAn n【详解详解】not so much as 为固定搭配，表示为固定搭配，表示“与其说是与其说是，倒不如说是，倒不如说是”，几个值得注意的比较级句

12、式几个值得注意的比较级句式n n1.not+比较级+than/no+比较级+thann n比较级前加not，表示前者不如后者，与not asas相当；n n比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为“和一样不”，与neithernor或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：n nHis English is not better than mine.他的英语不如我的英语好。n nHis English is no better than mine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差)n nYou are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。n nYou

13、are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。(即一样粗心)n n2.no more than与与not more thann n两者均可表示数量，前者表示前者表示“仅仅仅仅”、“只不过只不过”，强调少，强调少；而后者表示后者表示“不多不多于于”、“至多至多”。如：n nThis test takes no more than thirty minutes.这个测验只需30分钟。n nHe has not more than three children.他最多 3 个孩子(有或许还不到 3 个之意)。n n3.no morethan与与not moretha

14、nn n两者均可用于比较，前者表示对两者都否定，而后者则指两者虽都具有某种特征，后者则指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为但程度不同，意为“不如不如”、“不及不及”(=not so.as)。n nno more than(=notany more than)两者一样都不,表示对两者都否定，意为“同一样不”(=neither.nor)n nA whale is no more a fish than a horse is.n n鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。n n如：如：n nHe is He is no more no more a writera writer than than a pa

15、inter.a painter.他不是画家，他不是画家，也不是作家。也不是作家。(=He is neither a painter nor a writer.)(=He is neither a painter nor a writer.)n nHes Hes no moreno more able to read Spanish able to read Spanish thanthan I am.I am.他和我他和我都读不懂西班牙语。都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am not(=Neither he nor I am not able to read Spani

16、sh.)able to read Spanish.)n nThis book is This book is not morenot more difficult difficult thanthan that one.that one.这本书这本书不比那本书更难。不比那本书更难。(This book is not so difficult as(This book is not so difficult as that one.)that one.)真题举例：真题举例：n1.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to human race.Yet it

17、 is probably _ a threat than environmental destruction.(07.62)nA.no more B.not morenC.even more D.much morenBn【译文译文】人口过剩对人类造成了严重的威胁。但是它对人人口过剩对人类造成了严重的威胁。但是它对人类构成的威胁很可能没有环境破坏造成的威胁大。类构成的威胁很可能没有环境破坏造成的威胁大。n2.Fat cannot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fat.(99.44)nA.any more than B.no more thann

18、C.no less than D.much more thannAn n4.4.no less than no less than 与与与与not less thannot less thann n表示均可表示数量，表示均可表示数量，前者意为前者意为前者意为前者意为“多达多达多达多达”、“有有有有之多之多之多之多”，强调多，强调多，强调多，强调多；后者表示后者表示后者表示后者表示“不下于不下于不下于不下于”、“至少至少至少至少”。如：如：n nHe paid He paid no less thanno less than$10,000 for it.$10,000 for it.他为此付了他

19、为此付了1000010000多美元。多美元。n nHe paid He paid not less thannot less than$10,000 for it.$10,000 for it.他为此付的钱不他为此付的钱不下下1000010000美元。美元。n nHe has He has no less thanno less than seven daughters.seven daughters.他有七个女儿之他有七个女儿之多。多。n nHe has He has not less thannot less than seven daughters.seven daughters.他至少

20、有七个女他至少有七个女儿。儿。n n5.no more than 5.no more than 与与与与 no lessthanno lessthann n前者意为前者意为“与与一样不一样不”，否定两者；而后者则，否定两者；而后者则表示表示“和和一样一样”，肯定两者。如，肯定两者。如：n nShes Shes no more no more a great singera great singer than than I am.I am.他不是优秀歌他不是优秀歌手手，我也不是。，我也不是。n nYour brother is Your brother is no lessno less wis

21、e wise thanthan you.you.你的兄弟跟你你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。一样聪明。n nA whale is A whale is no more no more a fisha fish than than a horse is.a horse is.马不是鱼，马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。鲸也不是鱼。n nA dolphin is A dolphin is no less no less a clevera clever animal animal than a dog is.than a dog is.海豚海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。与狗同样都是聪明的动物。真题举例真题举例n nJoh

22、n is _ hardworking than his sister,but he failed in the exam.(98,41)n nA.no less B.no moren nC.not less D.no son nAn n6.the morethe more与 more and moren nthe more.the more表示两个过程中同时递增，是主从结构。more and more 只表示一个过程的不断增长。如n nthe wilder the range of our life and the more various the contacts we have,the w

23、ilder and suppler must be our command over a rang of n nEnglish styles.n nThe less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck,_ to the truck.(04,57)n nA.the greater stress is B.greater is the stressn nC.the stress is greater D.the greater the stressn nDn n【译文】满载货物的卡车与地表接触

24、的面积越小，其所承受的压力就越大。n n7.“of a+n”的比较级n n“of a+n”相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质；若该名词为可数名词，名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。如n nHe is more of a doctor.他更像个医生。n n该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如n nHe is as of an athlete as she.他和她一样具备运动员的素质。真题举例真题举例n n1.It was _ we had hoped.(06,64)1.It was _ we had hoped.(06,64)n nA.more a success t

25、han B.a success more thanA.more a success than B.a success more thann nC.as much of a success as D.a success as much asC.as much of a success as D.a success as much asn nCCn n2.Do you know Tims brother?He is _ than Tim.2.Do you know Tims brother?He is _ than Tim.(05,59)(05,59)n nA.much more sportsma

26、n B.more of a sportsmanA.much more sportsman B.more of a sportsmann nC.more of sportsman D.more a sportsmanC.more of sportsman D.more a sportsmann nBBn n3.Hewas_totellthetrutheventohisclosest3.Hewas_totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.friend.（20012001，5858）n nA.toomuchofacowardA.toomuchofacowardB.t

27、oomuchthecowardB.toomuchthecowardn nC.acowardenoughC.acowardenoughD.enoughofacowardD.enoughofacowardn nAAn n【详解详解】首先首先“tooto”tooto”结构表示结构表示“太太以至以至于不能于不能”；其次；其次much of a+much of a+名词，意为名词，意为“称得上称得上的的”，“具有具有属性的属性的”，此结构通常用，此结构通常用于否定含义。两者合起来即于否定含义。两者合起来即“太具有（胆小鬼的）太具有（胆小鬼的）特性了，以至于不敢特性了，以至于不敢”。比较级应对策略比较级应

28、对策略n n1 1）如果选项中有比较级结构，该题则为比较级考）如果选项中有比较级结构，该题则为比较级考查题，可根据比较级使用规则选择正确答案。查题，可根据比较级使用规则选择正确答案。n n2 2）注意比较结构的完整性，要么是）注意比较结构的完整性，要么是more than more than 结结构，要么是构，要么是as/so as as/so as 结构，或是结构，或是the more.,the the more.,the more.more.的句型。的句型。n n3 3）注意结构的各种变体：结构内出现名词时的结）注意结构的各种变体：结构内出现名词时的结构可以是构可以是as old a ca

29、r,as many/much/few/little asas old a car,as many/much/few/little asn n4 4）如果有比较）如果有比较 对象的选择应注意比较对象的一对象的选择应注意比较对象的一致性和互不包容性。如：致性和互不包容性。如：His English is better than anyone elses in his class.His English is better than anyone elses in his class.真题举例真题举例n n1.Land belongs to the city;there is _ thing as

30、1.Land belongs to the city;there is _ thing as private ownership of land.(06,60)private ownership of land.(06,60)n nA.no such a B.not suchA.no such a B.not suchn nC.not such as D.no suchC.not such as D.no suchn nDDn n2.Language belongs to each member of the society,to 2.Language belongs to each memb

31、er of the society,to the cleaner _ to the professor.(98,47)the cleaner _ to the professor.(98,47)n nA.as far as B.the same asA.as far as B.the same asn nC.as much as D.as long asC.as much as D.as long asn nCCn n3.Does Alan like hamburgers?3.Does Alan like hamburgers?n n Yes.So much Yes.So much that

32、he eats them almost every that he eats them almost every day.day.（20032003，4545）n nA.forA.forB.asB.as C.to C.to D.so D.son nDDn n【详解详解】so much so that“so much so that“到这样的程度以至到这样的程度以至”是个固定用法。句中是个固定用法。句中so much so much 是是Alan likes Alan likes hamburgers so much hamburgers so much 的省略形式。之后的的省略形式。之后的so

33、 that so that 引引导的是结果状语从句，例：导的是结果状语从句，例：Hewasveryweak,Hewasveryweak,so so much so thatmuch so thathecouldnotwalk.hecouldnotwalk.（他太虚弱了，以（他太虚弱了，以至于他都走不了路了。）因此至于他都走不了路了。）因此DD为正确答案。为正确答案。n n4.His remarks were 4.His remarks were annoy everybody at the annoy everybody at the meeting.meeting.（20052005，535

34、3）n nA.so as toA.so as toB.such as toB.such as ton nC.such toC.such toD.as much as toD.as much as ton nBBn n【详解详解】本题考查本题考查such as tosuch as to的用法。的用法。such as tosuch as to表示表示“如此如此以至于以至于”，其中，其中suchsuch是个代词，用来是个代词，用来指代程度。在本句中指代程度。在本句中suchsuch指指“冒犯性的言语冒犯性的言语”，因此正确选项为因此正确选项为BB。A“A“以便以便”表目的，表目的，不合句意。不合句意

35、。CC、DD无此用法。无此用法。n n5.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal 5.The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than _.(98,44)more luxurious than _.(98,44)n nA.is necessary B.being necessaryA.is necessary B.being necessaryn nC.to be necessary D.it is necessaryC.to be necess

36、ary D.it is necessaryn nAAn n6.The experiment requires more money than _.6.The experiment requires more money than _.(02,59)(02,59)n nA.have been put in B.being put inA.have been put in B.being put inn nC.has been put in D.to be put inC.has been put in D.to be put inn nCCn n7.The research requires more money than _.(07,61)n nA.have been put in B.has been put in n nC.being put in D.to be put inn nB