5. A Brief Survey of American Literature.ppt
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1、ABriefSurveyofAmericanLiteratureI.ColonialPeriod(1607-1765)II.EnlightenmentandRevolutionPeriod(1765-endof18thcentury)III.RomanticPeriod(1800-1865)IV.RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)V.ModernPeriod(1918-1945)VI.ContemporaryAmericanLiterature(1945-)I.ColonialPeriod(1607-1765)Background:PuritanismfeaturesofPu
2、ritanismfeaturesofPuritanismPredestinationPredestination:Goddecidedeverythingbefore:Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.thingsoccurred.Originalsin:Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,Originalsin:Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromandthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenera
3、tiontogeneration.generationtogeneration.Limitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbeLimitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.saved.InfluenceInfluenceAgroupofgoodqualitieshardwork,thrift,Agroupofgoodqualitieshardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety(seriousandthoughtful)piety,sobriety(seriousandthoughtful)influencedAm
4、ericanliterature.influencedAmericanliterature.TypesofWriting 1 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁:、清教徒采用的文学体裁:、清教徒采用的文学体裁:、清教徒采用的文学体裁:A A、narrativesnarratives日记日记日记日记B B、journalsjournals游记游记游记游记 2 2、清教徒的写作内容:、清教徒的写作内容:、清教徒的写作内容:、清教徒的写作内容:theirvoyagetothenewlandtheirvoyagetothenewlandadaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimates
5、andadaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcropscropsaboutdealingwithIndiansaboutdealingwithIndiansendlessbounty,boldspiritendlessbounty,boldspiritImportantWritersAnneBradstreet安妮安妮布雷特兹里特布雷特兹里特(1612-1672)anEnglish-Americanwriter,thefirstnotableanEnglish-Americanwriter,thefirstnotableAmericanpoet,an
6、dthefirstwomantobeAmericanpoet,andthefirstwomantobepublishedinpublishedinColonialAmericaColonialAmerica.Herworkwas.HerworkwasveryinfluentialtoPuritansinhertime.veryinfluentialtoPuritansinhertime.MuchofBradstreetspoetryisbasedonMuchofBradstreetspoetryisbasedonobservationoftheworldaroundher,focusingob
7、servationoftheworldaroundher,focusingheavilyondomesticandreligiousthemes.heavilyondomesticandreligiousthemes.EdwardTaylor爱德华爱德华泰勒泰勒(1642-1729)acolonialAmericanpoet,physician,andpastor.Taylorscompletepoemswerenotpublisheduntil1960.TayloristheonlyknownAmericanpoetwhowroteinthemetaphysicalstyle.II.Enli
8、ghtenmentandRevolutionPeriod(1765-endof18thcentury)Background:ThewarforIndependenceendedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublictheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TypeofWritingProse(ofReasoning),politicalwritingsandorationsImportantWritersBenjaminFranklin本杰明本杰明富兰克林富兰克林(1706-1790)oneoftheFounding
9、FathersoftheUnitedStates.Anotedpolymath.Asanauthorhehadpowerofexpression,simplicity,asubtlehumor,sarcasticWorks:Poor Richards Almanac Poor Richards Almanac 格言历书格言历书格言历书格言历书Autobiography Autobiography 自传自传自传自传 (1818世纪世纪世纪世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传美国唯一流传至今的自传美国唯一流传至今的自传美国唯一流传至今的自传)ThomasJefferson托马斯杰斐逊Declarationo
10、fIndependence独立宣言ThomasPaine托马斯潘恩CommonSense常识WilliamHillBrown威廉希尔布朗ThePowerofSympathy同情的力量(第一部美国小说)PhilipFreneau菲利浦弗瑞诺-“FatherofAmericanPoetry”TheWildHoneySuckle野忍冬花III.RomanticPeriod(1800-1865)Background:Background:IndependenceofBritishgovernmentIndependenceofBritishgovernment Arrayofideasinherite
11、dfromtheromanticArrayofideasinheritedfromtheromantictraditionsofEuropetraditionsofEurope RomanticismRomanticism:moralenthusiasm,faithinthevalueofmoralenthusiasm,faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperception,andaindividualismandintuitiveperception,andapresumptionthatthenaturalworldwasasourceof
12、presumptionthatthenaturalworldwasasourceofgoodnessandmanssocietiesasourceofcorruption.goodnessandmanssocietiesasourceofcorruption.Transcendentalism:asamoralphilosophy,transcendentalismwasneitherlogicalnorsystematized.Itexaltedfeelingoverreason,individualexpressionovertherestraintsoflawandcustom.III.
13、RomanticPeriod(1800-1865)BackgroundBackground ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandaThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentreturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.conventionofAmericanliterature.NationalismstimulatedagreaterliteraryinterestNationalismstimul
14、atedagreaterliteraryinterestinAmericaslanguage.In1828NoahWebsterinAmericaslanguage.In1828NoahWebsterpublished“published“An American Dictionary of the An American Dictionary of the English LanguageEnglish Language”.Americancharacter”.Americancharactertypesspeakinglocaldialectsappearedinpoetrytypesspe
15、akinglocaldialectsappearedinpoetryandfictionwithincreasingfrequency.andfictionwithincreasingfrequency.III.RomanticPeriod(1800-1865)Literaryforms:Novels,shortstories,andpoemsreplacedsermonsandmanifestosasAmericasprincipalliteraryforms.ImportantWritersWashingtonIrving华盛顿欧文(1783-1859)-thefirstgreatpros
16、estylistofAmericanromanticism.Sketch Book见闻札记-thefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature开创了美国短篇小说的传统TheLegendofSleepyHollowTheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷传奇睡谷传奇RipVanWinkleRipVanWinkle瑞普瑞普 凡凡 温克尔温克尔JamesFenimoreCooper詹姆斯费尼莫尔库珀(1789-1851)-launched(1789-1851)-launchedtwokindsofimme
17、nselypopularstoriestwokindsofimmenselypopularstoriestheseaadventuretaleandthetheseaadventuretaleandthefrontiersagafrontiersagaThe The LeatherstockingLeatherstocking Tales Tales皮袜子故皮袜子故事集事集,regardas“thenearestregardas“thenearestapproachyettoanAmericanepic.”approachyettoanAmericanepic.”(开(开创了美国文学的一个重要
18、主题创了美国文学的一个重要主题文明的发文明的发展对大自然和它代表的崇高品德的摧残与展对大自然和它代表的崇高品德的摧残与破坏)破坏)Itscentralfigureinthenovels,Itscentralfigureinthenovels,NattyNattyBumppoBumppo(美国文学的一个重要的美国文学的一个重要的原型人物原型人物独立不羁、逃避社会、在大自独立不羁、逃避社会、在大自然中需求完美精神世界的班波然中需求完美精神世界的班波).).WilliamCullenBryant威廉卡伦布赖恩特(1794-1878)-thefirstAmericantogainthestatureo
19、famajorpoet.To a Waterfowl”致水鸟The Yellow Violet黄色的堇香花EdgarAllanPoe埃德加爱伦坡(1809-1849)-editor,poet,literarycritic,oftenusedgrotesqueorfantasticevents.Poetry:The Raven乌鸦HorrorFiction:The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍大厦的倒塌Whodunit:Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格街谋杀案RalphWaldoEmersion拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生(1803-1882)-bestr
20、ememberedforleadingtheTranscendentalistmovementofthemid-19thcentury-believedaboveallinindividualism,independenceofmind,andself-relianceNature论自然Self-Reliance 论自立打破神学统治,强调人打破神学统治,强调人在宇宙万物中的地位,在宇宙万物中的地位,对确立民主思想和发展对确立民主思想和发展民族文化起了极大作用。民族文化起了极大作用。HenryDavidThoreauHenryDavidThoreau梭罗梭罗WaldenWalden 瓦登湖瓦登湖
21、,CivilDisobedienceCivilDisobedience 论公论公民的不服从民的不服从WaltWhitmanWaltWhitman惠特曼惠特曼LeavesofGrassLeavesofGrass 草叶集草叶集NathanielHawthorneNathanielHawthorne霍桑霍桑TheScarletLetterTheScarletLetter 红字红字HermanMelvilleHermanMelville梅尔维尔梅尔维尔MobyDickMobyDick白鲸白鲸HarrietBeecherStoweHarrietBeecherStowe斯多夫人斯多夫人UncleTomsC
22、abinUncleTomsCabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋汤姆叔叔的小屋IV.RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)BackgroundMechanization机器化Urbanization城市化,许多人涌入城市,阶级差异明显Industrialization工业化LocalColorLiteratureIV.RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)LocalcolorliteratureLocalcolorliteraturereferstofictionorpoetryreferstofictionorpoetrythatfocusesonspecificfeatur
23、esincludingthatfocusesonspecificfeaturesincludingcharacters,dialects,customs,history,andcharacters,dialects,customs,history,andtopographyofaparticularregion.Sincethetopographyofaparticularregion.Sincetheregionmaybearecreationorreflectionoftheregionmaybearecreationorreflectionoftheauthorsown,thereiso
24、ftennostalgiaandauthorsown,thereisoftennostalgiaandsentimentalityinthewriting.sentimentalityinthewriting.美国乡土文学美国乡土文学美国乡土文学美国乡土文学(localcolorliterature)(localcolorliterature)着重描绘某一着重描绘某一着重描绘某一着重描绘某一地域的特色,即方言土语、社会风尚、生活习俗、地域的特色,即方言土语、社会风尚、生活习俗、地域的特色,即方言土语、社会风尚、生活习俗、地域的特色,即方言土语、社会风尚、生活习俗、民间传说、性格人物以及地方独特
25、景色,常见形式民间传说、性格人物以及地方独特景色,常见形式民间传说、性格人物以及地方独特景色,常见形式民间传说、性格人物以及地方独特景色,常见形式是短篇小说。其中可见浪漫主义与现实主义的双重是短篇小说。其中可见浪漫主义与现实主义的双重是短篇小说。其中可见浪漫主义与现实主义的双重是短篇小说。其中可见浪漫主义与现实主义的双重影响影响影响影响:从日常普通生活反映边地奇俗或异域风景,又从日常普通生活反映边地奇俗或异域风景,又从日常普通生活反映边地奇俗或异域风景,又从日常普通生活反映边地奇俗或异域风景,又通过细节描写保持真实性与准确性。其特点与弱点通过细节描写保持真实性与准确性。其特点与弱点通过细节描写
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