Unit2A--研究生综合英语.ppt

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1、Unit 2 Is Love an Art?U1Additional lnformation for the Teachers ReferenceText Is Love an Art?Warm-up ActivitiesFurther ReadingSpeaking SkillsAdditional WorkUnit 2 Is Love an Art?Warm-up ActivitiesWarm-up 11.Give your own definition of love.There once existed a man who truly demonstrated all the aspe

2、cts of that indefinable feeling called“love”.With hopes that you will understand,here is his story.A feud led to war in his land,where he had been raised.He knew every blade of grass,every person,tree and soul.Here he was happy.Here he could be himself and free.For this he loved the land.Thus,he wen

3、t to war to fight for something he held so dear to him.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Warm-up 2 There at war he met a friend,another man of his age.He liked this man very much.He could talk to him,trust him,believe in him,share in his hopes and dreams,and he was happy for him.For this,he loved his friend.Aft

4、er war the man returned home to his family.His mother hugged him and held him tight,so happy that he had returned safely.His mother,his father,brothers and sisters shared in his triumphs.These were the people who had taught him life lessons,who were there for him when he was in need.They had a relat

5、ionship so tight and wonderful that it was bonded by more than blood alone.And for this,he loved them.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Warm-up 3 Then the man met a woman(or man depending on preference)and he felt important,accepted,wanted,cared about,understood,cherished and everything else that is wonderful a

6、nd good in the world.And all those things he felt from the woman,he felt for the woman as well.She was every other love combined.And for this,he loved her.And love can only be defined as all these things combined.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Warm-up 42.Can you suggest ways to win a young woman or a young m

7、ans love?At some point in our lives,we all play the dating game.The question is:how do we win it?Should we exaggerate our positive qualities or stick to the truth?Which pick-up lines are winners and which ones bomb?Will a blind date lead to long-lasting love?Here are some“rules”to live by in the dat

8、ing world.Choose the ones you think will work for you:Make them suspect youre interested,but dont let them know for sure.Men like the chase,so give it to them!l Unit 2 Is Love an Art?You could be married tomorrow if you lowered your standards far enough.Better to wait for the real thing than to wast

9、e your time on something that wont last.If you find a guy who claims he wants to take care of you,get away fast!Youll just end up taking care of him.Youll find Mr.Right when you know you are Ms.Right when you feel secure and okay with yourself.Refuse to play games.I fell in love with my fianc when h

10、e simply walked up to me and presented himself-no dumb lines,no fake smile,just“Hi,how are you doing?”Stay away from men who talk only about money.Thats usually a sign of insecurity.Warm-up 5l l l l l l Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Warm-up 6When you need to get away from a guy,start talking about something

11、 really boring,like computers.That will usually scare him off.Dont put up with criticism,especially when it comes to food.Every woman should be free to eat what she wants when she wants.Dont be too picky.I know women who have shunned men because they didnt look right(head is too big),smell right(too

12、 much cologne)or even breathe right(too loud).Unfortunately,women who like this end up ignoring or dumping perfectly good men without even giving them a chance.l l Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Warm-up 7On a first date,keep it brief.You want to have something to talk about the next time.Pay more attention t

13、o whether he s a good person and will be good to you than to what he looks like.Never date more than one guy at a time,even if they know about each other.Its exhausting and confusing.Youll end up wanting to be rid of all of them,even if under other circumstances one or more of them might have hadpot

14、ential.l l l Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Erich Fromm(1900-1980)was born in Frankfurt,Germany.He received his Ph.D from Heidelberg in 1922 and began a career as a psychotherapist.In 1934,he moved to the U.S.and settled in New York City,and eventually became a naturalized U.S.citizen.In the 1940s he began t

15、o write.Some of his well-known books are Escape from Freedom(1941),The Sane Society(1955),The Art of Loving(1956),Lie without Illusions(1962)and The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness(1973).A psychiatrist primarily concerned with the condition of the human AIFTTR1.1Additional lnformation for the Teach

16、ers Reference1.Erich FrommUnit 2 Is Love an Art?AIFTTR1.2spirit,Fromm has had enormous influence on scholars and practitioners in psychology,sociology,history,economics,anthropology,and theology.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?AIFTTR2.12.What is Love?In English we say the one word“love”where in Greek there ar

17、e four words.Our word“love”actually covers four kinds of love,namely,1)agape,that is,spiritual love or the love of God;2)storge,that is,family love;3)philia,that is,the love between friends which we usually call brotherly;and 4)eros,that is,love experienced between a man and a woman when sexual feel

18、ings stir between them.It is the fourth kind of love that someone is experiencing when they tell you they have fallen in love.Its a great experience.It comes in that wonderful rainbow like section of the spectrum of human emotion.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?AIFTTR2.2 Its strange,in a sense,that eros is in

19、 many ways the most transient of the forms of love and yet it gets the most attention.Some people even seem to make it the one zone in life that youre always supposed to be attempting to land in or trying to stay in.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?AIFTTR3.13.Valentines Day(February 14)There are varying opinio

20、ns as to the origin of Valentines Day.Some experts state that it originated from St.Valentine,a Roman who was martyred for refusing to give up Christianity.He died on February 14,269 A.D.,the same day that had been devoted to love lotteries.Legend also says that St.Valentine left a farewell note for

21、 the jailers daughter,who had become his friend,and signed it“From Your Valentine”.Other aspects of the story say that Saint Valentine served as a priest at a temple during the reign of Emperor Claudius,but Claudius then had Valentine jailed for defying him.In 496 A.D.Pope Gelasius set aside Februar

22、y 14 to honor St.Valentine.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?AIFTTR3.2 Gradually,February 14 became the date for exchanging love messages and St.Valentine became the patron saint of lovers.The date was marked by sending poems and simple gifts such as flowers.There was often a social gathering or a ball.In the U

23、nited States,Miss Esther Howland is given credit for sending the first valentine cards.Commercial valentines were introduced in the 1800s and now the date is very commercial.The town of Loveland,Colorado,does a large post office business around February 14.The spirit of goodwill continues to be impo

24、rtant,whether between lovers or friends.Valentines are sent out with sentimental verses and children exchange valentine cards at school.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?AIFTTR4.14.The Victorian Age(1837-1901)The Victorian Age refers to the period of the reign of Queen Victoria of Great Britain,which lasted fro

25、m 1837 to 1901.Queen Victoria herself lived from 1819 to 1901.Only 18 when she came to the throne,Victoria oversaw England at the height of its overseas power.The British Empire was established and reached its greatest expanse under her reign.Perhaps most important during the Victorian Age was the s

26、hift away from a way of life based on ownership of land to a modern urban economy based on trade and manufacturing.Although we have a lingering impression of the Victorian Age as a repressive and repressed society,it was one of theUnit 2 Is Love an Art?most vital periods of English history,lively an

27、d full of controversy.Belief in technology was at its height,and the superstitions of magic had been swept away,reserved for gothic horror novels.Medical science was improving by leaps and bounds.This era continued the romantic ideals associated with love and nature.However,love was mostly not a spo

28、ntaneous personal experience which then might lead to marriage.Marriage was contracted by convention instead of as a result of romantic love.Women usually married men chosen and approved of by their parents,and men chose women who were appropriate social matches.Love was supposed to develop between

29、the two after marriage.AIFTTR4.2Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Text Is Love an Art?NotesIntroduction to the Author and the ArticlePhrases and ExpressionsExercisesMain Idea of the TextUnit 2 Is Love an Art?MIOTT1Main Idea of the Text In the text,Fromm states that people have the wrong attitude towards love.Mo

30、st peoples first faulty assumption is that they see the problem of love primarily as that of being loved,rather than that of loving,of ones capacity to love.The second wrong assumption is that they see the problem of love as the problem of an object,not the problem of a faculty.The third error lies

31、in the confusion between the initial experience of“falling”in love,and the permanent state of being in love.Based on this analysis,Fromm maintains that love is an art just as living is an art;and,if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed if we want to learn a

32、ny other art.He describesUnit 2 Is Love an Art?MIOTT2two crucial steps in the learning of an art;mastery of the theory and mastery of the practice.Essential to both of these steps,the mastery of the art must be a matter of the greatest concern nothing may be more important than it.When that art is t

33、he art of loving,nothing may be valued more than love itself.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Introduction to the Author and the articleIntroduction to the Author and the Article Erich Fromm(1900-1980)was born in Frankfurt,Germany.After receiving his Ph.D.from the University of Heidelberg in 1922,he began his

34、career as a psychoanalyst,philosopher and writer.During his long and productive career,he taught and engaged in research in several institutes and universities in the United States and Mexico,as well as publishing many books and articles,including The Sane Society(1955)and The Art of Loving(1956).Un

35、it 2 Is Love an Art?Introduction to the Author and the article2 The following selection is chosen from The Art of Loving,which is considered his most famous work.In this selection Fromm states that people maintain wrong attitudes towards love and argues that love is an art,just as living is an art;i

36、n his view,if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we would if we wanted to learn any other art.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Part2_T1 Is love an art?Then it requires knowledge and effort.Or is love a pleasant sensation,which to experience is a matter of chance,something one“falls in

37、to”if one is lucky?This little book is based on the former premise,while undoubtedly the majority of people today believe in the latter.Erich FrommIs Love an Art?TextUnit 2 Is Love an Art?Not that people think that love is not important.They are starved for it;they watch endless numbers of films abo

38、ut happy and unhappy love stories,they listen to hundreds of trashy songs about love yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love.This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combined tend to uphold it.Most people see the problem o

39、f love primarily as that of being loved,rather than that of loving,of ones capacity to love.Hence the problem to them is how to be loved,how to be lovable.In pursuit of this aim theyPart2_T2Unit 2 Is Love an Art?follow several paths.One,which is especially used by men,is to be successful,to be as po

40、werful and rich as the social margin of ones position permits.Another,used especially by women,is to make oneself attractive,by cultivating ones body,dress,etc.Other ways of making oneself attractive,used both by men and women,are to develop pleasant manners,interesting conversation,to be helpful,mo

41、dest,inoffensive.Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful,“to win friends and influence people.”As a ED matter of fact,what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal.Part

42、2_T3Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Part2_T4 A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an object,not the problem of a faculty.People think that to love is simple,but that to find the right object to love or

43、to be loved is difficult.This attitude has several reasons rooted in the development of modern society.One reason is the great change which occurred in the twentieth century with respect to the choice of a“love object.”In the Victorian age,as in many traditional cultures,love was mostly not a sponta

44、neous personal experience which then might lead to marriage.On the contrary,marriage was contracted by convention either by theUnit 2 Is Love an Art?Part2_T5respective families,or by a marriage broker,or without the help of such intermediaries;it was concluded on the basis of social considerations,a

45、nd love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded.In the last few generations the concept of romantic love has become almost universal in the Western world.In the United States,while considerations of a conventional nature are not entirely absent,to a vast extent people are in sea

46、rch of“romantic love,”of the personal experience of love which then should lead to marriage.This new concept of freedom in love must have greatly enhanced the importance of the object as against the importance of the function.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Part2_T6 Closely related to this factor is another f

47、eature characteristic of contemporary culture.Our whole culture is based on the appetite for buying,on the idea of a mutually favorable exchange.Modern mans happiness consists in the thrill of looking at the shop windows,and in buying all that he can afford to buy,either for cash or on installments.

48、He(or she)looks at people in a similar way.For the man an attractive girl and for the woman an attractive man are the prizes they are after.“Attractive”usually means a nice package of qualities which are popular and sought after on the personality market.What specifically makes a person attractive d

49、epends on the fashion of the time,physically as well as mentally.Unit 2 Is Love an Art?Part2_T7During the twenties,a drinking and smoking girl,tough and sexy,was attractive;today the fashion demands more domesticity and coyness.At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of this century,a man had

50、 to be aggressive and ambitious today he has to be social and tolerant in order to be an attractive“package.”At any rate,the sense of falling in love develops usually only with regard to such human commodities as are within reach of ones own possibilities for exchange.I am out for a bargain;the obje