2专业词汇.ppt

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1、化学化工专业词汇化学化工专业词汇专业词汇学习的重要性专业词汇学习的重要性英汉化学化工词汇英汉化学化工词汇13多万专业词汇多万专业词汇（2/3为化学物为化学物质名词；其它专业词汇，如反应器名称及反应类型等质名词；其它专业词汇，如反应器名称及反应类型等化学物质名词：化学物质名词：很强的规律性（按其结构有明显的特征）很强的规律性（按其结构有明显的特征）。氯化物是一大类含氯根离子的化合物（。氯化物是一大类含氯根离子的化合物（chloro-，氯代）氯代），而醇类是含羟基基团的有机化合物后缀（，而醇类是含羟基基团的有机化合物后缀（-ol，醇）醇）主要化学元素主要化学元素英文名英文名符号符号中文名中文名英文

2、名英文名符号符号中文名中文名hydrogenH氢phosphorusP磷heliumHe氦sulphurS硫lithiumLi锂chlorineCl氯berylliumBe铍argonAr氩boronB硼potassiumK钾carbonC炭calciumCa钙nitrogenN氮scandiumSc钪oxygenO氧titaniumTi钛fluorineF氟vanadiumV钒neonNe氖chromiumCr铬sodiumNa钠manganeseMn锰magnesiumMg镁ironFe铁aluminiumAl铝cobaltCo钴silverAg银siliconeSi硅copperCu铜n

3、ickelNi镍zincZn锌galliumGa镓germaniumGe锗arsenicAs砷seleniumSe硒bromineBr溴kryptonKr氪rubidiumRb铷stroniumSr锶yttriumY铱zirconiumZr锆niobiumNb铌molybdenumMo钼technetiumTc锝rutheniumRu钌rhodiumRb铑palladiumPd钯silverAg银iodineI碘xenonXe氙cadmiumCd镉indiumIn铟tinSn锡bariumBa钡tunstenW钨rheniumRe铼platinumPt铂goldAu金mercuryHg汞tha

4、lliumTl铊leadPb铅bismuthBi铋poloniumPo钋radonRn氡franciumFr钫radiumRa镭uraniumU铀plutonimPu钚常见无机酸及其盐常见无机酸及其盐分子式分子式英文名称英文名称中文名称中文名称盐类英文名称盐类英文名称例子例子HClhydrochlorica.盐酸chloridesodiumchlorideHBrhydrobromica.氢溴酸bromidepotassiumbromideHBrO3bromica.溴酸bromatesodiumbromateHIhydriodica.氢碘酸iodideHFhydrouflourica.氢氟酸fl

5、orideHCNhydrocyanica.氢氰酸cyanideH2CO3carbonica.碳酸carbonatecalciumcarbonatesodiumhydrogencarbonateHBO3orthoborica.硼酸orthoborateHBO2metaborica.偏硼酸mrtaborateH3BO2borousa.亚硼酸H4B2O4hypoborica.二硼酸hypoborateH2B4O7tetraborica.四硼酸tetraborateHBO3perborica.过硼酸perborateHClO3chlorica.氯酸chlorateHOClhypochlorousa.次

6、氯酸hypochloritesodiumhypochloriteHClO4perchlorica.高氯酸perchlorateH2CrO4chromica.铬酸chromateHCrO2chromousa.亚铬酸chromite分子式分子式英文名称英文名称中文名称中文名称盐类英文名称盐类英文名称例子例子H2Cr2O7dichromica.重铬酸dichromatepotassiumdichromateHIO3iodica.碘酸iodateHMnO4permanganica.高锰酸permanganateH2MnO4manganica锰酸manganateHNO3nitrica.硝酸nitrat

7、eHNO2nitrousa.亚硝酸nitriteH2NO2nitroxlica.次硝酸nitroxylateH3PO3(ortho)phosphorica.磷酸(ortho)phosphatesodiumorthophosphate(monometalllic)HPO3metaphosphorica偏磷酸metaphosphateH4P2O7pyrophospharica.焦磷酸pyrophosphateH2Shydrosulurica.硫化氢hydrosulfuria.H2SO4sulfurica.硫酸sulfatecoppersulfateH2SO3sulfurousa.亚硫酸sulfit

8、esodiumsulfiteHSCNthiocyaniaa.ThiocyanatepotassiumthiocyanateH2SiO3metasilicica.硅酸metasilicate无机碱无机碱(alkaline)NaOHsodiumhydrate,sodiumhydroxideKOHpotassiumhydrate,potassiumhydroxideCa(OH)2calciumydroxideAl(OH)3aluminiumhydrate,aluminiumhydroxide烷烃烷烃(-ane)直链直链:CH4methane甲烷C2H6ethane乙烷C3H8Propane丙烷C4H

9、10butane丁烷C5H12pentane戊烷C6H14hexane己烷C7H16heptane庚烷C8H18octane辛烷C9H20nonane壬烷C10H22decane癸烷C16H34hexadecane十六烷其它烷烃：其它烷烃：环烷烃环烷烃:cyclo-直链脂肪烷烃环己烷cyclohexane环戊烷cyclopropane带有侧链的烷烃带有侧链的烷烃:根据其命名法则，表明主链及支链即可。乙基乙烷ethylhexane烯烃烯烃(-ene)炔烃炔烃(-yne)直链烯烃（-ene）C2H4ethene乙烯C3H6Propene丙烯C4H8butene丁烯C5H10pentene戊烯C6H

10、12hexene己烯C7H14heptene庚烯C8H16octene辛烯C9H18nonene壬烯C10H20decene癸烯C16H32hexadecene十六烯直链炔烃(-yne)C2H2ethyne乙炔C3H4Propyne丙炔C4H6butyne丁炔C5H8pentyne戊炔C6H10hexyne己炔杂环母核杂环母核五元环五元环环 戊 二 烯 cyclopentadiene呋喃furan(e)噻吩thiophene吡咯pyrrole吡唑pyrazole咪唑imidazole六元环六元环苯benzene环己烯cyclohexadiene-吡喃1,2-pyran-吡喃酮1,2-pyron

11、e吡啶pyridine嘧啶pyrimidine蒽状环蒽状环蒽anthracene噻蒽thianthrene茚状环茚状环茚indene硫茚thionaphthene吲哚1-benzazole(indole)茚唑indazole嘌呤purine萘状环萘状环：萘naphthalene萘烷decalin异香豆素isocoumarin喹啉quinoline异喹啉isoquinoline芴状环芴状环：芴fluorene咔唑carbazole二苯并呋喃dibenzofuran硫芴dibenzothiophene有机酸（有机酸（-icacid）饱和一元酸饱和一元酸HCOOHformicacid甲酸甲酸CH3C

12、OOHaceticacid乙酸乙酸CH3CH2COOHpropionicacid丙酸丙酸不饱和一元酸不饱和一元酸CH2=CHCOOHacrylicacid丙烯酸丙烯酸CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOHsorbicacid山梨酸山梨酸二元酸二元酸HOOCCOOH oxalic acidHOOCCOOH oxalic acid 乙二酸，草酸乙二酸，草酸HOOCCH22COOH HOOCCH22COOH succinicsuccinic acid acid 丁二酸，琥珀酸丁二酸，琥珀酸HOOCCH=CHCOOH HOOCCH=CHCOOH fumaricfumaric acid acid 富马酸，延

13、胡索酸富马酸，延胡索酸 反丁烯二酸反丁烯二酸 羟基酸羟基酸HOOCCHOHCH2COOH HOOCCHOHCH2COOH malicmalic acid acid 羟基丁二酸，苹果酸羟基丁二酸，苹果酸HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOHHOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH tartaric acid tartaric acid 二羟丁二酸，酒石酸二羟丁二酸，酒石酸HOOCCH2C(OH)CH2COOHHOOCCH2C(OH)CH2COOH citric acid citric acid 二羟丙二羧酸，柠檬酸二羟丙二羧酸，柠檬酸数字的前缀数字的前缀(1)数字英文前缀例子1mono-,un

14、i-monatomic,monoxide2di-,bis-,bi-,amphi-,twi-dioxide,diatomic,amphotericreaction,twiblade3tri-,tertrisection,terbromide4tertra-,quadri-tetracycline,tetragon,quadrivalent5quinque-,penta-quinquesection,pentagon6hexa-,sex-hexangular,hexode,sexfoil7hepta-,septi-heptahedron,septennial8octa-octolateral9en

15、nea-,nona-enneastyle,nonane10deca-decagram,decanal11undeca-,hendeca-undecyndio12dodeca-dodecanal13tridecatridecaniocacid数字的前缀数字的前缀(2)(2)数字数字英文前缀英文前缀例子例子20eicos-eicosane21henicosa-heneicosanicacid22docosa-docosane30triaconta-tricontahedron31hentriaconahentriacontane40tetraconta-tetracontane100hecta-h

16、ectogram,hectowatt1000kilo-kilogram,kilometrehemi-,semi-hemisphere,hemipyramid1/10deci-decigram,decilitre1/100milli-millisecond数序英文前缀数序英文前缀甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-a-丁but-戊pent-己hexa-庚hepta-辛octa-癸nona壬deca-methaneethanepropanebutanepentanehexaneheptaneoctanenonanedecane反义的前缀反义的前缀前缀前缀举例举例a-acentricab-abnorm

17、alan-anelectric,anharmonicanti-antiageingcotra-cotraclockwisecountercontercurrentdif-diffidentdis-disability,disappear前缀前缀举例举例il-illimitableim-immaterialin-incompleteir-irregularnon-nonexistent,nonperidicun-unequal,unbodied一般英文词汇的前缀一般英文词汇的前缀前缀前缀中文含义中文含义举例举例mal-恶恶malcontent,malfunctionintra-在内，内部在内，内

18、部intraregionalintro-向内，入内向内，入内introflection,introduceex-出出外外；前前任任；exportexpremier做，使，起强调作用做，使，起强调作用extractexo-外，外部外，外部exosphereexobiologyfore-前，先，预先辈前，先，预先辈forwordforeseemicro微微microscope,microworldper-高高，过过perchloride,peroxide加强意义加强意义perturb遍，透遍，透perspire前缀前缀中文含义中文含义举例举例endo-内内endolympheu-优，美优，美eut

19、henicspre-前前prewarpost-后后postdatesym-对称对称symmetryhomo-同同homotypehetero-异异heteropolar,heteromorphicpseudo假假pseudocrystalmacro-大，宏大，宏macroclimatemacroword常用化合物的词头常用化合物的词头aceto-乙酰acetoacetate,acetoaceticetheralkali-碱alkali-earthmetal,alkalimetalbenzene(benzol-)苯benzeneringbenzenesulfonicacidbi-在盐类前头表示酸

20、式盐sodiumbicarbonatechloro-氯代，氯基chloroaceticacid,chloroformcis-顺式cis-addition,cis-isomercyclo-环cycloheptanoneepoxy-环氧epoxypropane,epoxyresinhydro-氢的，氢化的，含水的hydrocarbon,hydrogenationhydroxy-羟基hydroxy-ketone,hydroxy-acidiso-等，同isothermisotopemeta-间，偏metapheynlenemeta-aciddiamine,nitro-硝基nitrobenzeneort

21、ho邻位；正，原ortho-derivative;ortho-acidoxy-氧化；氧代oxy-acid,oxydationpara-对位；仲para-derivative;para-acidpetro-石油petrochemicalphenyl苯酚phenolicresinphenyl-苯基phenylacetylenepoly-聚polymer,polymolecularsulfa-磺胺sulfamethylthiazoleSyn顺式；同syn-form,syngensisthio-硫代thiosufatetrans-反式；超，越，过trans-addition有机化合物词尾构成（有机化合

22、物词尾构成（1）-acetal缩醇acetaldehydedimethylacetalacid酸benzoicacid-al醛ethanalalcohol醇ethylalcohol-aldehyde醛acetaldehyde-amide酰胺acetamide-amine胺methylamine-ane烷propane-ase酶peptidase-cain(e)卡因buacaine-carbinol甲醇methylethylcarbinolCarbonyl羰基carbonylchloride-carboxylicacid羧酸1-propanecarboxylicacid-ene烯pentene-

23、ester(ate)酯acetylaceticester,methylacetate-ether乙醚ethylether-icanhydride酸酐aceticanhydride-ol醇methanol-osan聚糖glucosan有机化合物词尾构成（有机化合物词尾构成（2）-ose糖糖fructose,glucose-oyl酰酰acetyl,caproyl-quine奎奎niquine-imine亚亚胺胺ethylidenimine,cyclohexanimine-ketone酮酮methylphenylketone-one酮酮hexone-lactam内酰胺内酰胺hexalactam-la

24、ctone内内酯酯butyrolactone-nitrile腈腈succinonitrile-oside糖糖酐酐glucoside-sulfide硫硫diethylsulfide-sulfonicacid磺酸磺酸naphthanesulfonicacid-sulfone砜砜ethylsulfone-thiol硫硫醇醇methanethiol-thiourea硫脲硫脲ethyl-thiourea-toxin毒毒buthotoxin-yl基基methyl,ethyl,ethylphenol,isopentyl,benzyl,sec-butylyne炔炔1,3-butadiyne,2-butyne缩

25、略语缩略语aacidABRacrylonitrile-butadienerubberaatomicABSacrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneabsabsoptionCMcellulosecarboxymethylcelluloseabs.EabsoluteerrorCMCcarboxymethylcelluloseacactivityPMMpolymethylmethacrylateALCanalyticliquidchromagraphPEpolyethylenePLCpreparedliquidchromatographPEGpolyethyleneglycolH

26、PLChighpressureliquidchromatographPSpolystyreneARanlyticalreagentPUpolyurethaneCRchemicalreagentPVApolyvinylacetateave.avg.averagePVApolyvinylealcoholCSTRcontinuousstirredtankreactorPVCpolyvinylchliridePFRplugflowreactorPOMpolyoxymethylenepetpetroleumPPpolypropyleneRTresidencetimePPGpolypropyleneglycole.g.exampligratia(forexample)PAMpolyacrylamideEtcorsoppmpartpermillionCODchemicaloxygendemandproc.process;procedureBODbichemicaloxygendemandprep.preparation;prepare