综合教程 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 教师PPTBook 3 unit 4.ppt

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1、Unit4Fun,OhBoy.Fun.YouCouldDiefromItAbout the author:SuzanneBrittJordanSheisanAmericancolumnistandwriter.Jordansbooksincludeacollectionofessays,Show and Tell(1982);Skinny People Are Dull and Crunchy like Carrots(1982),anexpansionofheressayThatLeanandHungryLook;andA Writers Rhetoric(1988),acollegetex

2、tbook.ThisessayoriginallyappearedintheMyTurncolumnofNewsweekmagazine.Words and ExpressionsOliverCromwell,whobecameleaderoftheCommonwealth,isoneofthebest-knownPuritans.ManyPuritans,persecutedintheirhomeland,cametoAmericainthe1620sand1630s,settingcoloniesthateventuallybecameMassachusetts.Thewordspurit

3、anandpuritanicalhavecometosuggestazealforkeepingpeoplefromenjoyingthemselves.Onewhoisscrupulousandstrictinhisreligiouslife;oftenusedreproachfullyorincontempt;onewhohasoverstrictnotions.blaspheme v.toswear;tousewordswhichshowalackofrespectforGodorreligion亵渎,咒骂,辱骂Thebankmanagerbegantorageandblaspheme(

4、against)God.ThespiritualleaderclaimedthatthefilmblasphemedIslam.blasphemy n.damper n.(informal)somethingthatstopsanoccasionfrombeingasenjoyableasitwasintendedtobe令人扫兴的人事,起抑制作用的因素Herabsenceput/cast/threw a damper on theparty.她的缺席使晚会有些扫兴。大雨使我们的野餐大为扫兴。Heavyrainput a damper onourpicnic.epitome n.典型，缩影典型

5、，缩影anideal;atypicalrepresentation他被看作是知识分子的典型。He is seen as the epitome of intellectual.epitomize v.tobeanepitomeofsomething代表,是的典型范例Sheepitomizesallthegoodqualitiesofherfamily.fetish n.(1)anobjectthatisworshippedasagodbypeopleinsomeundevelopedsocieties,andisthoughttohavemagicpower神物(2)sthtowhichone

6、paysanyunreasonableamountofattentionorwhichoneadmirestoafoolishdegree.被盲目崇拜物，迷恋物hasafetishabouttidiness.他有洁癖afetishofluxurygoods对奢侈品盲目崇拜；makeafetishof/formoney金钱拜物makeafetishofstyle.盲目地赶时髦。fetishism n.拜物主义,物神崇拜,盲目崇拜flunk vt.vi.n.tofail,especially(in)acourseoranexam考试或功课不及格The boy was upset because h

7、e flunked(in)an English exam.Flunk biologyFlunking test papers 不及格的卷子不及格的卷子To be flunked out in biologyflunk outtoexpelorbeexpelledfromaschoolorcoursebecauseofworkthatdoesnotmeetrequiredstandards除名，退学：因考试成绩不合格而从学校或该门课程中除掉或被除掉学习资格licentiousness n.licentious adj.lackingmoraldiscipline;especiallysexual

8、lyunrestrained 放荡的,放肆的,不道德的swill v.todrinkgreedilyorgrossly豪饮狂饮vt.Swilltea=gulpdownacupoftea sipcoffee冲涮swilloutadirtybuckettofeed(animals)withswill.用泔水饲料喂（动物）n.Amixtureofliquidandsolidfood,fedtoanimals,especiallypigs馊水，尤指喂猪的残羹剩饭mirth n.欢笑;高兴Christmas is a time of mirth.especially for children.圣诞节是个

9、快乐的日子,尤其是对孩子们。Hisangergave place tomirth.他的愤怒消失了,取而代之的是欢笑。mirthfulmirthfullyamirthlesslaughvMirthfulvMirthfullyvMirthlessvAmirthlesslaugh苦笑overshadow vt.(1)tocastashadowover;darkenorobscure.向投上阴影；使暗淡(2)tomake(somebodyorsomething)lesssuccessful,important,orimpressivebycomparisonwithothers;todominate使

10、黯然失色，使显得不重要，使.相形见绌,超过，支配Ben overshadows all his colleagues.他使所有同僚都黯然失色。She is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.和她年轻漂亮的妹妹相比，她黯然失色。puritanPuritans refer to a group of radical Englishprotestants that arose in the late sixteenthcenturyandbecameamajorforceinEnglandduring the sevente

11、enth century.Puritanswantedto“purify”theChurchofEngland,theyurged a strict moral code and placed a highvalueonhardwork.AftertheexecutionofKingCharles I in 1649,they controlled the newgovernment,theCommonwealth.清教徒原指英国的一部分新教徒，他们大都倾向于资产阶级革命，像克伦威尔。后来分布变得更广泛，遍及美国。历史上将在英国的新教徒，那些信奉加尔文教义、不满英国国教教义的人称为清教徒。由于

12、英国的宗教迫害，大部分清教徒逃亡到了美国，所以人们所说的清教徒，一般指在美国的清教徒。清教徒并不是一种宗教，而是一种态度，一种倾向，一种价值观，它是对信徒群体的一种统称。清教徒是最为虔诚，生活最为圣洁的新教徒，他们认为“人人皆祭司，人人有召唤”。认为每个个体可以直接与上帝交流，反对神甫集团的专横、腐败和繁文缛节、形式主义。他们主张简单、实在、上帝面前人人平等的信徒生活。清教徒认为人必须要禁欲和勤俭节约。他们限制一切纵欲、享乐甚至消费行为。毫无疑问，清教徒运动对后世的影响是巨大的。清教徒精神所形成的现代文化，其许多重要方面，仍是当今社会的基础。尤其是美国的共和政体制度、美国文化精神，都深受清教徒

13、运动的影响。可以说，没有清教徒，美国今天不会是这样的社会面貌。罗斯福总统在纪念五月花号清教徒的演说上说，“三百年前到达此地的五月花清教徒，改变了这一块土地的命运，也因而改变了这一个世界的命运。”现在清教徒也用来指那些主张禁欲的人或极端拘谨的人。vrevere v.(respect,idolize崇敬，敬畏vPeople came to the memorial to revere the memory of the great leader.v人们来到纪念馆崇敬地纪念这位伟大的领袖。vreverent adj.reverently adv.vTheyallmaintainedareverent

14、silence.他们都恭敬地保持沉默。vreverence n.vHoldsb/sthinreverence尊敬vHave/showreverencefor怀有敬意，表示尊敬vTreatwithreverencereverently adv.reverev.(fml.)respect,idolize崇敬，敬畏Peoplecametothememorialtoreverethememoryofthegreatleader.人们来到纪念馆崇敬地纪念这位伟大的领袖。reverent adj.Theyallmaintainedareverentsilence.他们都恭敬地保持沉默。scan v.(1)

15、toexamine(something)carefully,withtheeyesorwithamachine,inordertoobtaininformation细看;审视She anxiously scanned the faces of the young men leaving the train in the hope of finding her son.(2)Toscanatextcanalsomeantolookthroughitquicklyinordertofindapieceofinformationthatonewantsoryetageneralideaofwhatt

16、hetextcontains.浏览,略读Scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.bumper n.(汽车前后的)保险杠bumpersticktraipse v.towalkwearily游荡；闲荡She spent the day traipsing from one shop to another.1.Howimportantisfuninyourlife?2.Whatisthegreatestfuninyourlife?3.Whatdoyouexpectfromthetext?Pre-rea

17、dingquestionsPart 1(Para.1-5):theintroduction,providingadefinitionof“fun”.Part 2(Para.6-11):themainbody,thewritergivesanextendeddefinitionofitbypointingoutwhatitisnot.Part 3(Para.12-15):Theessayconcludeswithananecdotethatfurtherexplainswhatfunreallyis.TextualOrganizationTheessayevaluatesthe“fun”side

18、oftheAmericancultureinanironicway.Todevelopthedefinition,anumberofmethodshavebeenemployed,amongwhicharenarration,comparisonandcontrast.TextAnalysisPartOnev1)Whatisthethesisstatementoftheessay?v2)Whattechniquedoestheauthoremployinthispartoftheessay?v3)InParagraph4,aseriesofquestionshasbeenraised.What

19、stheeffectofit?A1:Funishardtohave.Funisararejewel.A2:Theauthorusesdefinition,comparisonandaseriesofquestionstointroducethetopic.A3:Here,bymakingastartlingstatement(thequestionWasitfun?overshadowedallotherquestions)and raising a series of questions,Jordan points out that fun has become themajor conce

20、rn of people.It has outweighedmanyotherquestions.Language pointssomewhere along the line:(inf.)Duringthetimewhenyouareinvolvedinanactivityorprocess.在某个时期在某个时期 Somewhere along the line,Jack seemed to have lost interest in their marriage.Somewhere along the line,his father became addicted to gambling.

21、deserve vt.vi.be worthy of 应受奖、罚应受奖、罚,值得值得 Thecompositiondeservescarefulstudy.Hedeserves to be scolded forhaving brokenthepreciousvase.deserve+doing=deservetobedonedeservecriticizingbe deserving of=be worth of 他的行为该得到最高的赞赏(最严厉的惩罚)。His conduct is deserving of the highest praise./the heaviest penalty.

22、deserved;undeserved honourPartTwov1)WhatstyledoesJordancreateandhowdoesshecreateit?v2)WhataresomeofthethingsthatdonotprovidefunaccordingtoJordan?v3)Howdosomepeoplemanagetohavefun?v4)Whatrelationshipdoestheuseofdrugsandalcoholhavetoourdifficultiesinhavingfuntoday?v5)Whatistherelationshipbetweenbigocc

23、asionsandtheexperienceoffun?A1:Jordancreatesaveryconversationalstylebyusingeverybody,everything,Gollygee,ByJove.A2:Failinginatest,dirtybumpers,stickyrefrigeratordoorsaresomeofthethingsthatarenotsourcesoffun.A3:Somepeopleresorttothrillingwayssuchasadventures,immoralactions,crimesoralcoholtohavefun.A4

24、:Todaywhenpeopleliveunderunprecedentedstress,theycanhardlyrelaxandthemonotonousroutineworkisnotexcitingenoughforthem.Onlywhentheyindulgethemselvesindrugsandalcoholcantheyforgettheworriesofthedayandhavealittlefun.A5:Withhighexpectationsforfun,peoplearenotcontentwiththejoythatbigoccasionssuchasholiday

25、s,weddingsorbirthdaysbringthem.Tomakeupfortheinadequacyoffunandjoy,theyarestillexpectingthenextbigoccasionwhichmightbringthemexcitement.reputation n.Hehasareputationforhonesty.Themanbegantoestablish a reputation asawriterattheageof19.earn/win/establish a reputation asliveuptoyourreputationLanguage p

26、ointsvery adj.adv.right(forthesakeofemphasis),usu.usedwiththesuperlativeformofadj.orfirstandlast,etc.Therehavebeenthreeaccidentsinthisverysameplace.Theveryfirstthingyoumustdoisringthepolice.ShestheveryworstcookIveeverencountered.Shediedintheveryroom.她就是在这个房间里逝世的。step up toincreaseanamountofsthinsize

27、orpeeds.使增加，使上升，使加快Weretryingtostepupproductiontomeettheincreaseddemand.我们为满足需求的增长正想方设法增加生产。你得加快步伐。Youhavetostepupyourpace.vconsumevconsumervtime-consumingvtime-wastingvconsumptionconsumption n.Thisisproducedfordomesticconsumption.ThereistoogreataconsumptionofalcoholinBritain.consume v.We have no mo

28、re right to consume happinesswithout producing it than to consume wealthwithoutproducingit.(BernardShaw)如果我们不能建筑幸福的生活，我们就没有权利享受幸福；这正如没有创造财富就无权享受财富一样。consumer n.consumergoods消费品PolaroidAtrademarkusedforacameraandfilmthatproduceinstantphotographs.宝丽来(一种能一次成像的照像机和胶卷的商标)rough and ready(方法等)粗糙但尚能用的;(估计等)

29、大致上差不多的;(人)鲁莽但尚能顶用的Thelivingconditionswereabitroughandready,astherewerenobeds.住的地方比较将就,因为没有床铺。Itishelpfultobeginwitharoughandreadyclassification.首先进行粗略的分类是很有帮助的。What is a locker room?flickvt.vi.n.Tohitortouchwithalight,quickblow轻拍，弹掉(+off/away)，啪地开动(+on/off)Heflickedthehorsewithhiswhip.他用鞭轻轻地抽马。Ifli

30、ckedthedustoffmycoat.我把灰从衣服上弹掉。Davidflickedonthelight.戴维啪地把灯开亮。awholelotof许多，很多Alittlebitofsomethingisbetterthanawholelotofnothing.有点总比没有强。我不做这件事有许许多多理由。Ihave a whole lot ofreasonsfornotdoingit.他有很多麻烦。Hehas a whole lot oftrouble.Easter origins MostEnglishholidayshaveareligiousorigin.Jesuscrucifiedup

31、onacross,thethirddayEasterholidaywasborn.EasterDayoccurson the first Sunday after the full moon following the spring equinox.ItisoriginallythedaytocommemoratetheResurrectionofJesusChrist.Butnowformostpeople,Easterisasecularspringholiday,whileforthechildren,itmeans,morethananythingelse,Eastereggsorch

32、ocolateeggs,andEasterbunny!Easter egg hunt:Inlegend,theEasterBunnybringsbasketsfilledwithcoloredeggs,candyandtoystothehomesofchildrenonthenightbeforeEaster.TheEasterBunnywilleitherputthebasketsinadesignatedplaceorhidethemsomewhereinthehouseforthechildrentofindwhentheywakeuponEasterSunday morning.Heh

33、asalsohiddentheeggsthatchildrendecoratedearlierthatweek.Childrenhuntfortheeggsallaroundthehouse.NeighborhoodsandorganizationsholdEasteregghunts,andthechildwhofindsthemosteggswinsaprize.PartTwov1)AccordingtoJordan,howshouldwetreatfun?v2)WhatdoesItmayevencomeonaTuesdaymean?v3)WhydoesJordanuseananecdot

34、etoconcludeheressay?v4)Twosimple,directstatementsareusedtobeginandendtheessay.Whatistheeffectofthesestatements?A1:Weshouldtreatfunrespectfully.Funisnotsupposedtobeeverywhere.Wecannoteasilygetfunoutofeverything.A2:Tuesdayisaworkday,thedayfollowingtheblueMonday.Itiscommonlyregardedasanordinarydaywhene

35、veryoneissupposedtodotheroutinework.Asarule,noholidays,nobigoccasionswouldtakeplaceonthisday.Butifwetreatfunproperly,wecanhavefunevenonsuchanordinaryday.A3:HereJordansuggeststhatitiseasierforchildrentohavefunthanitisforgrown-ups.A4:Simpleanddirectastheyare,thetwostatementsareeffectiveenoughtoconveyt

36、hemessagethatfunisararejewel,butfuncouldalsobeeasytohaveifwetreatitproperly.Bit-O-HoneyAhardandchewycandywithalmondbitsblendedintoahardhoneyflavoredtaffy.malted milkasolublepowdermadeofdriedmilk,maltedbarley,andwheatflour麦乳精（由牛奶、大麦麦芽和面粉制成的可溶粉粒）Language pointsChocolate starchunkychunky adj.(ofcandy,e

37、tc.)containingsmall,thickpieces含小而厚的块chunkypeanutbutter小块花生酱；chunkysoup小块炸药(ofaman)shortandstrong;stocky矮矮胖胖的，粗壮的Achunkymanusuallyhasawideupperbodyandlooksstrong.M&MsM&Msregretful v.s.regrettableregretful:full of regret,sorrowfulregrettable:eliciting or deserving regret.Heis_ forwhathehasdone.Its_th

38、atyouidledawaythewholeafternoon.Itisa_failure.Thereisa_lookonhisface.Apersonwhodoesa_actionisoften_ afterwards.regretful v.s.regrettableHeis regretful forwhathehasdone.他对自己的所为感到后悔。Itsregrettablethatyouidledawaythewholeafternoon.真可惜,你把整个下午浪费掉了。Itisaregrettablefailure.这是一个令人可惜的失败Thereisaregretfullooko

39、nhisface.Apersonwhodoesaregrettableactionisoftenregretful afterwards.日后往往懊悔。QuestionfordiscussionWhere do you think fun lies?What do you think is the secret of fun?Can you have fun all the time?How do you have fun at university?vThesunsankbelowthehorizon.vBroadenoneshorizon知识，眼界，见识vAhorizontallineadj.横线vdrawalinehorizontallyadvvDrawalinevertically竖线If I had a billion yuan and didnt have to work,I wouldConsiderhowyouaregoingtospendthemoney.Makealistofthethingsyouwouldliketodo.Considerhowyouwouldfeelwitheachdreamofyoursfulfilled.Whatwouldyoudointheend?