教育专题：形容词副词比较级最高级3 (2).ppt

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1、Lecture 9Lecture 9 形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的形式 形容词与副词比较级和最高级形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法的基本用法 形容词和副词的比较结构形容词和副词的比较结构 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1.形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词比较级和最高级的构成2.不规则形容词比较级和最高级形式不规则形容词比较级和最高级形式 形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法1.原级原级（positive degree)2.比较级比较级 (comparative degree)3.最高级最高级(sup

2、erlative degree)形容词比较级和最高级的构成 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 est,例如：strong-stronger-strongest 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r 和-st，例如：strange-stranger-strangest 闭音节 单音节 词如 末 尾 只 有 一 个辅音 字 母，须先 双 写这个辅音 字 母，再 加-e r和-e s t 例如：sad-sadder-saddest，big-bigger-biggest,hot-hotter-hottest,angry-angrier-angriest,clever-clever-cleverest,narr

3、ow-narrower-narrowest,noble-nobler-noblest 少数以-y,-er（或-ure）,-ow,-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er 和 est（以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母，把y变成I,再加-er 和 est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r 和 st）其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词 more和most。例如：difficult-more difficult-most difficult不规则形容词比较级和最高级的构成原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessle

4、astfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestfarther与 further older和elder nWho is_,Jim or Jack?-Jim.By the way,I heard that Jims father wants to send him to the US for _ education.A.older,farther B.older,furtherC.elder,farther D.elder,furthern1)用于家人之间表示长幼关系，通常用用于家人之间表示长幼关系，通常用elder（在美（在美国英语中也用国英语中也用older）。

5、例：）。例：ones elder older brother 哥哥哥哥 the elderolder daughter 大女儿大女儿n2)elder有时用作转义，指职位、身份较高的人。例：有时用作转义，指职位、身份较高的人。例：You are all elder statesmen.你们都是政治元老你们都是政治元老/资深政客。资深政客。farther与 further older和eldern3)older专指年龄的大小而言，既可用于一个家庭成员之间，又专指年龄的大小而言，既可用于一个家庭成员之间，又可用于非同一家庭成员之间。例：可用于非同一家庭成员之间。例：My elder brother

6、is twelve years older than I.我的哥哥比我的哥哥比我大十二岁。我大十二岁。MrChen is older than me.陈先生比我年长。陈先生比我年长。n4)older只能用作形容词，只能用作形容词，elder 既可作形容词，又可作名词。既可作形容词，又可作名词。例：例：Tom,you should be humble enough.They are all our elders.汤姆，你要谦虚些，他们都是我们的长辈。汤姆，你要谦虚些，他们都是我们的长辈。n5)最后记住，最后记住，older常与常与than连用，但是连用，但是elder决不能和决不能和than连连

7、用。用。正：正：He is older than me误：误：He is elder than mefarther与 further older和eldern2.farther 与与further：n1)两者均可用来指实际的距离，既空间上的距离。例两者均可用来指实际的距离，既空间上的距离。例：We cannot go any farther/further without a rest.n不休息一下的话就走不动了。不休息一下的话就走不动了。nIts not safe to go any farther/further.n再往远走，就不安全了。再往远走，就不安全了。n2)further还可用于比

8、喻意义上的距离或深度，如时间、程度和还可用于比喻意义上的距离或深度，如时间、程度和数量等，表示数量等，表示“更多，更进一步更多，更进一步”，是，是additional的另一种说法。的另一种说法。例例：We intend to stay for a further two months.n 我们打算再停留两个月。我们打算再停留两个月。Have you any further questions to ask?n 你们还有问题要问吗？你们还有问题要问吗？副副词词比比较级较级和最高和最高级级的的变变化形式与形容化形式与形容词词基本上一基本上一样样。1.一般副一般副词词 hard harder har

9、dest fast faster fastest late later latest early earlier earliest 2.特殊副特殊副词词 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 3.开放开放类类副副词词 开放开放类类副副词词即以后即以后缀缀-ly结结尾的副尾的副词词不能像形容不能像形容词词那那样样加加-er或或-est，而，而应应在副在副词词原形前加原形前加more或或most。如：。如：quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more q

10、uietly most quietly 副词比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法比较级1.比比较级较级 1）比）比较级较级通常由通常由“形容形容词词（副（副词词）比）比较级较级+than”构成，表示构成，表示在两者中在两者中间间一方比另一方一方比另一方“更加更加”。连词连词than后可接句子，后可接句子，也可接名也可接名词词、代、代词词、名、名词词短短语语、介、介词词短短语语、动词动词、动词动词不定不定式、式、-ing结结构和构和-ed结结构，有构，有时时也可省去也可省去than。如：。如：Mary is happier than Jane.玛丽玛丽比珍妮幸福。比珍妮幸福。

11、（形容（形容词词和系和系动词动词用）用）He lives more happily than I.他他过过得比我幸福。得比我幸福。（副（副词词修修饰饰行行为词为词）2）注意）注意than前后两前后两项项相比相比较较的人或事物要一致。如：的人或事物要一致。如：The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.Sound travels faster through water than through air.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法比较级3）比比较级较级前前还还可

12、用可用much,even,still,a little等等词语词语来修来修饰饰，表示，表示“得多得多”，“甚至甚至”，“更更”，“一些一些”等意思。如：等意思。如：Japan is a little larger than Germany.日本比德国大一点儿。日本比德国大一点儿。用用“.times+形容形容词词的比的比较级较级+than.”句式表示倍数；用句式表示倍数；用“表示数量的表示数量的词词+比比较级较级+than.”来表示具体的比来表示具体的比较较差差别别。如：。如：Our room is twice larger than theirs.我我们们的房的房间间比他比他们们的大两倍。的大

13、两倍。He is a head taller than I.他比我高一他比我高一头头。A new laptop costs about _ of a second-hand one.(TEM4 2009)A.the price of three times B.three times the priceC.as much as the three times price D.three times more than the price比较级句型：比较级句型：A is 3(4,etc.)times the size(height,length,width,etc.)of 表示表示倍数，意为倍数

14、，意为“A 的大小（高度、长度、宽度）是的大小（高度、长度、宽度）是 B的三倍（或四倍等）的三倍（或四倍等）”。4）隐隐含比含比较级较级 有有时时比比较级较级并不一定出并不一定出现现than，这时这时通通过过上下文可暗示出。如：上下文可暗示出。如：Are you feeling better now?你你现现在感在感觉觉好些了好些了吗吗？形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法比较级 有些形容词在表示比较的时候，用“to”而不用“than”。如：prior to 较较早的，早的，较较重要的重要的 superior to优优越，高于越，高于 inferior to 下等的，次的下等的，次的 seni

15、or to 年年长长的，地位高的的，地位高的 junior to年幼的，地位低的年幼的，地位低的 preferable to 更好的更好的 The task is prior to all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。In maths he felt superior to John.他觉得自己数学比约翰强。He is two years senior to me.他比我大两岁。Health without riches is preferable to riches without health.贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法最高级2.

16、最高级 1）最高最高级级用于三者或三者以上比用于三者或三者以上比较较，形容，形容词词的的结结构形式是构形式是“定冠定冠词词形容形容词词最高最高级级名名词词表示范表示范围围的短的短语语或从句或从句”（如of all,of the three,in the world,that has ever taken place等）。如：Of all the writers in England,William Shakespeare is the most widely known.但是：John is the brighter of the two boys.(比较级前比较级前定冠词定冠词the不不可省

17、）可省）2）副副词词的最高的最高级级与形容与形容词词最高最高级级的区的区别别在于最高在于最高级级前没有定冠前没有定冠词词the。如：He runs fastest of the three.三个人中他跑得最快。3）当用介当用介词词短短语语表明形容表明形容词词或副或副词词最高最高级级的比的比较较范范围围，作介，作介词宾语词宾语的名的名词词或或代代词词与句中的主与句中的主语语属同一属同一类类人或物，并把主人或物，并把主语语包括在内包括在内时时，用介，用介词词of；如；如不属于同一不属于同一类类人或物，而只人或物，而只说说明在某一明在某一时间时间、空、空间间范范围围内的比内的比较时较时，用介，用介词

18、词in。形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法最高级 如：He is the tallest of the four boys.（He 与boys属同类）He is the tallest in our class.（He与 class不属同类）a most interesting book，most expensive restaurants (这两个most=very)4）可以用原可以用原级级、比、比较级较级、最高、最高级级三种形式来表示最高三种形式来表示最高级级的意思。的意思。如：She is the best student in her class.She is better than

19、 any other student in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.No other student in her class is as good as she.三种形式来表示最高级三种形式来表示最高级n He is the tallest in our class.n He is taller than any other student in our class.n No other student in our class is as tall as he.n Freedom/Time/Lov

20、e is the most precious of all the things in the world.nFreedom/Time/Love is more precious than any other thing in the world.nNothing in the world is as precious as freedom.nNothing else in the world is more precious than freedom.三种形式来表示最高级三种形式来表示最高级nJane is the cleverest of all the girls in the clas

21、s.nJane is the cleverer than all the other girls in the classnJane is the cleverer than any other girl in the classnNo other girl n the class is as clever as JanenChina is the biggest of all the countries in Asia.nThe Yangzi River is the longest of all the rivers in China.nXiao Li studies the hardes

22、t of allnXiao Li studies harder than anybody else.nNobody studies as hard as Xiao Li.nNobody else studies harder than Xiao Li.比较结构nas adj/adv.as nMary is as tall as Alice.nHe speaks English as fluently as his brother.nnot so/as adj/adv.asnMary is not as/so tall as Alice.nHe doesnt speak English as f

23、luently as his brother.比较结构nas+many/much+名词+asnThere are as many students in Class One as in Class Two.nWe have as much snow this year as last year.nnot as/so+many/much+名词+asnThere are not as/so many students in Class One as in Class Two.nWe have not as/so much snow this year as last year.比较结构nas ad

24、j.+n+asnPeter is not as diligent a student as Mike.nI dont want to attend as dull a lecture as this.nShe is as bright as she is witty.(同一个人的两个方面进行比较）她不仅风趣而且聪明。nThis book is as interesting as it is instructive.(同一个物的两个方面进行比较）n这本书不仅有教育意义而且饶有趣味。nShe is not as bright as she is hardworking.她勤奋但不聪明。nThis

25、book is not as interesting as it is instructive.n这本书有教育意义但没有趣味。比较结构nmoreA(n/adj.)than B(n/adj)与其说B不如说AnJohn is more daring than quick-witted.n 与其说约翰脑子灵活，不如说他胆大。nHe is more honest than silly.n与其说他愚蠢，不如说他诚实。nless A than B 与其说是与其说是A不如说是不如说是BnIt is even more a picture than a poem.这与其说是一首诗，倒不如说是一幅画。这与其说是

26、一首诗，倒不如说是一幅画。nIt is less a picture than a poem.这与其说是幅画，倒不如说是首诗。这与其说是幅画，倒不如说是首诗。He was less hurt than frightened.比较结构nmore than=verynA)相当于程度副词nI was more than happy to hear of your marriage.nThey were more than pleased with her performance.nB)带有否定意义nThe beauty of the West Lake is more than I can desc

27、ribe.西湖之美简直难以形容。nThat is more than I can tell.n那我可说不清。比较结构nno+比较级+thannJohn is not better than Tom.约翰不比汤姆好。nJohn is no better than Tom.约翰和汤姆一样坏。nno better than=as bad asnno richer than=as poor asnno bigger than=as small asnno later than=as early asnMary is no taller than Louis.nThe room is no darker

28、 than that one.比较结构nno more+n than+n 两者都不是两者都不是nA whale is no more a fish than a horse is.n鲸和马同样不是鱼。nA bat is no more a bird than a frog.n蝙蝠和青蛙同样不是鸟。nHe is no more a writer than a painter.n他既不是画家，也不是作家。nHe is no more an inventor than an engineer.比较结构nno less adj./nthann 两者都是nHe is no less guilty tha

29、n his wife.n他和他的妻子同样有罪。nA whale is no less a mammal than a horse is.n鲸与马一样也是哺乳动物。nHe is no less clever than his elder brother.n他的聪明程度不次于他哥哥（或者和他哥哥一样聪明）；n He studies no less hard than John.n他和约翰一样努力（努力程度不次于约翰）n She is no less beautiful than her sister.n 她和她姐姐一样漂亮她和她姐姐一样漂亮 比较结构nno more than“仅仅”，“不多于”有

30、“少“的含义nno less than“不少于”有“多”的含义nShe earned no more than 300 dollars a week.n她每星期只挣得300美元nThe rent cost her no less than 500 dollars a month.n她每月所付房租多达500美元。nThere were no more than 20 students in the hall.nThere were no less than 5,500 wounded.比较结构nnot so muchas=lessthan 与其说与其说A不如说不如说B(lessthan)nIt

31、wasnt so much that I disliked her as that I just wasnt interested.n与其说我不喜欢她与其说我不喜欢她,不如说我对她不感兴趣。不如说我对她不感兴趣。nIt wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.n与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。nThe oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.n与其说海洋把世界分开，不如说海洋把世界连接起来。与其说海洋把世界

32、分开，不如说海洋把世界连接起来。比较结构nThe great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning.n评析：这里被比较的是两个不定式：评析：这里被比较的是两个不定式：to teach you things 和和to teach you the art of learning.n译文：学校教育的伟大作用不在于教会你多少东西，译文：学校教育的伟大作用不在于教会你多少东西，而在于教会你学习的技巧。而在于教会你学习的技巧。nThe great th

33、ing in this world is not so much where we stand as in what direction we are moving.n人生的意义不在于你目前身在何处，而在于你心向何人生的意义不在于你目前身在何处，而在于你心向何方。方。比较结构n（just）as，so 正如正如，也也（用倒装（用倒装结构）结构）n如：如：Just as the soil is a part of the earth,_ the atmosphere.A as it is B the same is C so is D and so is 比较结构nJust as dark clo

34、uds cannot long hide the sun,so no lies can cover up the fact.n乌云遮不住太阳，谎言掩盖不了事实。乌云遮不住太阳，谎言掩盖不了事实。nJust as food nourishes the body,so do books enrich the mind.n食物滋养身体，书本丰富心灵。食物滋养身体，书本丰富心灵。比较结构nJust 也可以省去，比如，也可以省去，比如，nAs you sow,so will you reap/so you will reap.n种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。nAs land is improv

35、ed by sowing it with various seeds,so is the mind by exercising it with different studies.n土壤因播种不同的种子而改良，智力用各科的学习来土壤因播种不同的种子而改良，智力用各科的学习来提高。提高。nAs it is the mark of great minds to say many things in a few words,so it is the mark of little minds to use many words to say nothing.n大智者寥寥数语既能达意，寡智者口若悬河仍言

36、之无大智者寥寥数语既能达意，寡智者口若悬河仍言之无物。物。比较结构nThe more the more越 越 nThe older I get,the happier I am.nThe more money you make,the more you spend.nThe more you argue with him,the less notice he takes.n你越跟他辩论，他越是漫不经心。n天气越热，我们越累。nThe hotter the weather was,the more tired we were.n计算机越小，价格越贵。nThe smaller the comput

37、er,the more expensive it is.比较结构nThe sooner,the better.nThe more,the merrier.nmore and more 越来越越来越nThe prices are getting higher and higher.nShe speaks English more&more fluently.nHousehold electric appliances are getting less and less expensive.n家用电器越来越便宜。家用电器越来越便宜。He is no more than a child.他不过是个孩

38、子。他不过是个孩子。He was regarded as nothing more than(=only)an amateur.他仅仅被看作业余爱好者。他仅仅被看作业余爱好者。Any questions?Reviewnmore than.nlessthannno more thannno lessthan.nno darker thannnot so muchthanThank you!Ss of Education Class:Finish exercise 9A、9C&9B at p194-197.Ss of G1&G2:Finish Exercise25B(p289)、Exercise2

39、5F&25G(p293294)Get ready for direct speech and indirect speech!See you!Exercises1.Directions:In this exercise,there are fifteen sentences.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.BDD1）E-mailing is much _ than long-distance calling.A.c

40、heapB.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest 2）This question is _ more difficult than that one.A.rather B.quite C.very D.a little 3）Yang won the women 500 meters in the sports meet.She did _ of all.A.good B.well C.better D.best 4）Among all of us he did the experiment _.A.more carefully B.most carefully C

41、.the most carefully D.more careful BExercisesDDA5）Would you please say it _?I still cant follow you.A.loudly B.slowly C.more loudly D.more slowly 6）Mum,this T-shirt is much too small for me.Would you buy me a _ one?A.nice B.large C.nicer D.larger 7）Now China has joined the WTO.So I think English is

42、_ useful than before.A.more B.most C.much D.many 8）I dont think Unit 3 is more difficult.I think its _.A.more easily B.more easier C.much easily D.much easier 9）The young man drives _ than he did three months ago.A.much carefully B.much more careful C.much careful D.much more carefully 10）Mike is th

43、e oldest boy and is taller than _ boys in the class.A.the other B.any C.each D.all DDAExercisesBDB11）His sister is _ than he.A.younger five years B.five years younger C.five year younger D.five younger years 12）The USA is one of _ countries in the world.A.rich B.richest C.more rich D.the richest 13）

44、He thinks he is superior _ his classmates because his father is an important person.A.than B.to C.of D.with 14）Last year,Matt earned _ his brother,who has a better position.A.twice as many as B.twice as much as C.twice much than D.twice as more as 15）The climate of Japan is milder than _.A.Canada B.

45、in Canada C.that in Canada D.that of CD nSmoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year _ than automobile accidents.A seven more times B seven times more C over seven times D seven times n n“Do you regret paying_ as five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No,I would gladly h

46、ave paid for it.”A twice so much B twice as much C as much twice D so much twice n n如如:n nTheir watch is _ to all the other watches on the market.A superior B advantageous C super D beneficialn nThe heart is _ intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.A not so B not much

47、 C much more D no more n n心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受大脑控制。大脑控制。n n答案为答案为DExercises2.Directions:In each of the following sentences,there are four underlined parts with one part improperly used.Identify that part and put it right in a proper form.1）On the whole,ambitious students are much likel

48、y to succeed in A B their studies than are those with little ambition.C D 2）A great many teachers firmly believe that English is one of the A B most poor taught subjects in high schools at present.C D3）John chance of being elected chairman of the committee is far A B C greater than Mike.DB are more

49、likely C most poorly taught DMikes Exercises4）My knowledge of English literature is more inferior to hers.A B C D 5）The harder she tried,the more badly she danced before such a A B C large audience.D 6）The population of China is larger than any other country in the world.A B C D 7）That product that

50、we sell at a slightly higher price is the more A B preferable to the one of a lower price.C D B inferior B the worse D that of any country B cancel“the more”Exercises8）He took down the largest of the two dictionaries and began to A B search for the word he had misspelled.C D the largerB Exercises3.D