教育专题：现在完成时.ppt

《教育专题：现在完成时.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《教育专题：现在完成时.ppt（47页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、现在完成时(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,just,ever,yet,never,before等副词连用主语+have/has+done(动词过去分词)+其他主语+havent/hasnt+done(动词过去分词)+其他Have/Has+主语+done(动词过去分词)+其他肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+havent/hasnt.构成:助动词have/has+done(动词过去分词)+其他 just,already,never,ever,yet.before1.I have _ been to water park once.

2、2.He hasnt been to amusement park _.3.My mother has been to Beijing_.4.He has _ been to Hangzhou.So he knows nothing about it.5.Have you _ been to Japan?现在完成时(1)谈论是否到过某处谈论是否到过某处 have been to 到过某处到过某处 肯定形式：主肯定形式：主+have（has）been to+地点地点.否定形式：主否定形式：主+havent（hasnt）been to+地点地点.疑问形式：疑问形式：Have(Has)+主主+bee

3、n to+地点？地点？have/has 称为称为“助动词助动词”，been为为be的过去分词。的过去分词。have been 构成完成时态。构成完成时态。e.g.I have been to Shanghai.I havent been to Shanghai.Have you ever been to Shanghai?Yes,I have.No,I havent.Where have you been?1.I have been to Hangzhou.(否定句)I _ been to Hangzhou.(一般疑问句)_ you _ _ Hangzhou?Yes,_ _.No,_ _.(提

4、问)_ have you _?2.I have already been to Hangzhou.(否定句)I _ been to Hangzhou_.I have _ been to Hangzhou.(一般疑问句)_ you _ been to Hangzhou?_ you _been to Hangzhou _?Yes,_ _.No,_ _.(提问)_ have you _?2.He has already been to the space museum.(否定句否定句)He _ been to the space museum _.=He _ _ been to the space

5、museum.(一般疑问句一般疑问句)_he _ been to the space museum?_he been to the space museum _?Yes,_ _.No,_ _.(提问)_ has he already _?have been to,have gone to,have been in 1.Where is Jim?He _ Shanghai.2.My father _ Shanghai for a week.3.Where _ you _?I _ the USA.4.His mother _ Tianjin.She will come back soon.5.Ho

6、w long _ the Greens _ China?For two weeks.1.I have been to Shanghai._ _ she.2.He was at home._ _ we.3.We go to school early._ _ he.4.She finished her homework._ _ I.5.We can speak English._ _ the boy.6.He isnt twelve._ _ I.7.I wasnt late for school yesterday._ _ he.8.He doesnt go to school._ _ my br

7、other.9.We didnt go to Japan._ _ my uncle.10.He has never been to the zoo._ _ I.11.He hardly knows French._ _ we.12.She had nothing to say._ _ her aunts.过去分词的构成1,规则动词规则动词:(1)动词词尾直接加动词词尾直接加-ed,look-looked (2)动词词尾不发音的动词词尾不发音的e为时为时,只需加只需加-d,move-moved(3)动词词尾为辅音字母加动词词尾为辅音字母加y时时,将将y改改i为为,再加再加-ed,carry-ca

8、rried(4)动词词尾是只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音动词词尾是只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音 节时节时,将最后将最后的辅音字母双写后再加的辅音字母双写后再加-ed,stop-stopped 2,不规则动词不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并归纳为五种类型。以便准确记忆。1、型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cutlet-let-let put-put-puthurt hurt-hurtread-read-read2、型（过去式与过

9、去分词同形）：bring-brought-brought catch-caught-caughtbuy-bought-bought teach-taught-taughtthink-thoughtthought2、型（过去式与过去分词同形）：feel-felt-felt find-found-foundget-got-got have-had-had hear-heard-heard hold-held-heldkeep-kept-kept learn-learnt-learntleave-left-left lend-lent-lentmake-made-made meet-met-metp

10、ay-paid-paid say-said-saidsell-sold-sold send-sent-sentsit-sat-sat sleep-slept-sleptspend-spent-spent stand-stood-stoodtell-told-told understand-understood -understood3、型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：bewas/were-been begin-began-begundo-did-done draw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driveneat-ate-eaten fall

11、-fell-fallenfly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-given go-went-gonegrow-grew-grown know-knew-knownlie-lay-lain ride-rode-riddenring-rang-rung see-saw-seenshow-showed-shown sing-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spoken swim-swam-swumtake-took-taken wake-woke-wokenwear-wore-worn write-wrote-written4、型（原

12、形与过去分词同形）：become-became-become come-camecome run-ran-run5、型（原形与过去式同形）：beat-beat-beaten现在完成时(2)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,just,ever,yet,never等副词连用主语+have/has+done(动词过去分词)+其他主语+havent/has+done(动词过去分词)+其他Have/Has+主语+done(动词过去分词)+其他肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+havent/hasnt.构成:助动词have/has+done(动词过

13、去分词)+其他1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成 的影响或结果的影响或结果.1)Our teacher has already left.Our teacher isnt here now.2)He has just had his lunch.(He is full now,he isnt hungry.)3)Tina has become a doctor.(Tina knows much about medicine.)4)I have already got many gifts.(Now I have many gifts at ho

14、me.)1.Mary isnt here,She _ _(go)to the library.2.I dont want to have a cup of tea,I am not thirsty.I _ just_(drink)some water.3.I _(take)some medicine.So I am feeling better now.II.肯定式、否定式和疑问式肯定式、否定式和疑问式 1.I have already received some special gifts.I have not received any special gift yet.I have nev

15、er received any special gift.Have you ever received any special gift?Have you received any special gift yet?Yes,I have./No,I havent.2.He has already played golf.He has not played golf yet.He has never played golf.Has he ever played golf?Has he played golf yet?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.1.Mary isnt here

16、,She _ _(go)to the library.2.I dont want to have a cup of tea,I am not thirsty.I _ just_(drink)some water.3.I _(take)some medicine.So I am feeling better now.1.I am full.I _(eat)breakfast.2.I am not thirsty.I _(drink)water.3.She _(visit)the Great Wall once.4._you ever _(argue)with your father?5.I _

17、never _(travel)to another province of China?6.I _(not help)anyone I didnt know yet.7.She _already_(do)my homework.8.We _just_(see)the film Harry Potter.表表示示过过去去发发生生，目目前前还还有有可可能能仍仍在在继继续续下下去去的的动动作作或或事事情情。常常与与since或或for连用。连用。He has lived there since 1950.We have known each other for ten years.现在完成时现在完成

18、时(3)2.某个动作从过去已经开始某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到还有可能持续到将来将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示.一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for:+一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻,since nine since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since

19、 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away since last week.对对划线部分提问都用划线部分提问都用How long1.I have been teaching for 17 years.=I have taught for 17 years.=I have taught since 17 years ago.=I have taught since 1994.=I have taught since I was 22 years old.1.I _(learn)

20、English for five years.2.He _(live)in Jinyun since he was ten.3.He _(play)the golf since 20 years ago.4.一般过去时与现在完成时之比较一般过去时与现在完成时之比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调去的事情，强调动作动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是强调的是现在的现在的情况情况。2）一般过去

21、时常与过去的时间状语连用，）一般过去时常与过去的时间状语连用，一般过一般过去时的时间状语有：去时的时间状语有：yesterday,last week，ago,in1980,in October,just now,等具体的时间状语。等具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语有现在完成时的时间状语有 ever,never,just,already,yet,before,for,since,once,twice等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。1.I saw Mary yesterday.I havent seen Mary for a long time.I know nothing about

22、 him.2.She lost her handbag yesterday.She has lost her handbag,so he doesnt have money now.现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。I have taught this class for three months.（还在教）（还在教）I taught that class for three months.

23、（曾教过三个月，现在不教了）（曾教过三个月，现在不教了）He has lived here since 1992.He lived here in 1992.1.I _(finish)my homework,Now I have time to go shopping with you.I _(finish)my homework last night.2.He _(collect)stamps for two years.He have 20 stamps.He _(collect)stamps two years ago.But now he doesnt collect them.3.Y

24、our father _(finish)his work an hour ago.4.Last year I _(learn)many English words.5.They _(not read)the interesting books yet.6.He _never _(go)to the science museum.本课出现的主要动词的过去式和过去分词本课出现的主要动词的过去式和过去分词ring rang rungget got gottengo went goneleave left leftstart started startedbe was/were beentake to

25、ok takenrun ran runwake woke wokenfor and since延续性动词1.I have taught for 20 years.=I have taught since 20 years ago.=I have taught since 1994.=I have taught since I was 22 years old.He has learned English _ five years.He has learned English _ five years ago.He has learned English _ 2009.He has learne

26、d English _ he was ten years old.forsincesincesince完成时用法（三）完成时用法（三）如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：去时。如：I bought the book two years ago.He has had the book for two years.How long have you had the book?borrow-keep die-be deadlea

27、ve-be awaystart-be onopen-be openarrive-be herejoin the party-be a party member11.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We bought the book three years ago.We have had the book for three years.3.他在这所学校上学已两年了。他在这所学校上学已两年了。He went to the school two years ago.He has been a student in this school for two years.How long has

28、 he been a student in this school?2.自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书.I borrowed the book last week.I have kept the book since last week.4.他入党已三年了。他入党已三年了。He joined the Party three years ago.He has been a party member for three years.How long has he been a party member?.5.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了.The film sta

29、rted an hour ago.The film has been on for an hour.6.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.7.他在半小时前已离开。他在半小时前已离开。He left half an hour ago.He has been away for half an hour.for and since延续性动词1.I have taught for 20 years.=I have taught since 20 years a

30、go.=I have taught since 1994.=I have taught since I was 22 years old.He has learned English _ five years.He has learned English _ five years ago.He has learned English _ 2009.He has learned English _ he was ten years old.forsincesincesince完成时用法（三）完成时用法（三）如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好

31、选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：去时。如：I bought the book two years ago.He has had the book for two years.How long have you had the book?borrow-keep die-be deadleave-be awaystart-be onopen-be openarrive-be herejoin the party-be a party member11.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We bought t

32、he book three years ago.We have had the book for three years.3.他在这所学校上学已两年了。他在这所学校上学已两年了。He went to the school two years ago.He has been a student in this school for two years.How long has he been a student in this school?2.自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书.I borrowed the book last week.I have kept the

33、book since last week.4.他入党已三年了。他入党已三年了。He joined the Party three years ago.He has been a party member for three years.How long has he been a party member?.5.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了.The film started an hour ago.The film has been on for an hour.6.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.M

34、r Black died three years ago.7.他在半小时前已离开。他在半小时前已离开。He left half an hour ago.He has been away for half an hour.1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch(get)a cold borrow come/go/become have have a coldkeepbe完成时用法（三）完成时用法（三）如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过动词，并使用现在完成时

35、；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：去时。如：I bought the book two years ago.He has had the book for two years.How long have you had the book?2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe ov

36、erbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句be in schoolbe in the armyThe Past Perfect Tense过去完成时1.过去完成时的构成助动词 had(用于各种人称和数用于

37、各种人称和数)+过去分过去分词词 2.过去完成时态的含义:主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就是：过去的过去过去的过去.By the time she got outside,the bus had already left.她出去的时候她出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了公共汽车已经开走了.by the time 意思是意思是“到到的时候的时候”,相当于相当于 when,后接过去时的句子后接过去时的句子时时,主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态.By the time 到到.的时候的时候By the time I got home,By the t

38、ime I came in,By the time I got to school,By the time the bell rang,By the time I got up,6:00 7:00 6:00 7:00 现在现在 By the time I got up,my sister had already washed all the clothes.I got to schoolnow8:158:00 amThe teacher came into the classroomBy the time I got to school,the teacher had come into th

39、e classroom.Have you ever been late for school?Have you ever been late for school?By the time I By the time I gotgot to school,the bell to school,the bell had runghad rung.I got to schoolnow8:158:00amThe bell rangI got homenow9:00pm8:00pmMy little brother went to bedBy the time I got home,my little

40、brother had gone to bed1.我到家时她已经睡了。我到家时她已经睡了。By the time I got home,she had By the time I got home,she had already gone to bed.already gone to bed.4.我们到电影院晚了我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了电影已经开始了.We reached the cinema late.The film had already begun.7.我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。I didnt go because I had already seen the film.5.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。We found that somebody had broken our window.