高考英语语法填空专题复习(共9页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语语法填空专题复习一、 语法填空考点：在备考中，学生一定要明确必考点，在解题过程中才能快速地给出最佳答案，提高解题能力。1、纯空格题：介词、冠词、代词、连词（包括并列连词和从句引导词）等2、给出动词题：谓语动词（包括时态和语态）、非谓语动词、词性变化（变为形容词、名词等形式）3、给出其他词类题：词性变化（变为形容词、副词、名词、动词等形式；或变为比较级及最高级）二、语法填空的正确解题步骤是：1、浏览全文，把握语篇2、边读边填，先易后难 3、验证复查，清除难点。三、语法填空解题技巧（“由大到小” ）1、通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。2、巧用已知，连线画图

2、、降低难度、铺平道路。3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破 。4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。一、纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词 (多考查代词)。1. The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. 2. If our par

3、ents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on 3. You are a team star! Working with_ is really your cup of tea. 4. Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet. 5 Jack and Mary both bought a camera yesterday. But his camera is more expensive than_.Keys:1 that 2 ourselve

4、s 3 others 4 one 5 hers 技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词 (冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。如：1. Its good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure2. If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.3. The visitors here are impressed by the fact that people from all walks of li

5、fe are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.4 His is such a united family that the villagers all admire it.5 - Are you going to buy the blue shoes?- No, I like those red ones over there.6 The street is beautiful, for there are trees on either side.Keys:1a 2 the, a 3 a 4 such 5 those 6 either 技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、

6、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。1. Modern English came _ being from about the end of 16th century.2. Now I teach my players to have respect _ other people and their possessions3. One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar _ the exhibits 4. In the dark street, there

7、 wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help.5. Whatever difficult situation he was _, he never lost confidence and was always optimistic about the future life.Keys:1.into 2.for 3.with 4.to 5.in 技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。1 His teacher didnt scold him, _ comforted him instead.2 They sat d

8、own _ talked about something.3 All those little houses looked terribly old-fashioned _ nice, like dolls houses4 Health foods are packaged (包装) in greens, yellows _ browns because we think of these as healthy coloursKeys:1 but 2 and 3 but 4 or 技巧5：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。1. Give me one more

9、minute _ Ill be able to finish it.2. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.3. This is the only one of the students _ handwriting is the best.4. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected.5. The room _ Mr.

10、White lives is not very large. 6. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. 7. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.8. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. 9 makes this shop different is that it offers more person

11、al services.10. There are so many kinds of dictionaries in the shop. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy. Keys:1 and 2 but 4 whose 5 which 5 where 6 before 7 where 8 when 9 What 10 which技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。1 Were I in your place, I wou

12、ld seize the opportunity without hesitation.2. You screamed in your sleep last night. You must have dreamed of something terrible 3 I _ not leave. She told me that I must stay here until she comes back.4 Not until the rain stopped _ he leave the room. 5 He had no time or energy to play with his chil

13、dren or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.Keys:1 would 2 must 3 can 4 did 5 did 技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。1 _ precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.2 Rich _ our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.3 _ an important thing it is to keep our

14、 promise!4 _ is its beautiful scenery that attracts a large number of tourists at home and abroad.5 _ by this means can I do this work well. 6. She finds it boring to stay at homeKeys:1 So 2 as 3 What 4 It 5 Only 6 it 综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空Scholars do not know when the first people arrived in 1_ is no

15、w Britain, 2_ they do know that there were people living on the British Isles about 10,000 years ago. Scientists believe that 3_ sea was lower at that time, and what is now the island of Great Britain was part of the European mainland.These people of the British Isles built large monuments 4_ stones

16、. Scholars believe they built the monuments for religious purposes or 5_ astronomical calendar. The most famous 6_ the monuments, called Stonehenge, was built more than 3,000 years ago, 7_ now still stands near Salisbury. This huge monument tells us that these people were quite intelligent and skill

17、ful, and they knew 8_ to organize themselves to do great work together.Then about 700BC, the Celts came across the channel to the British Isles. The Celts were a great people 9_ lived in much of western and central Europe at the time .They 10_defeat the natives of the island and make them members of

18、 their tribes. The Celts worshiped nature gods through priests called Druids. They used iron and knew how to make it.Keys:1. what。根据技巧1：这里是一个从句的引导词，表示”现在是Britain的那个地方”，所以用what。2. but。技巧5：这里前面是do not know，后面是do know，当然是转折关系了。3. the。根据技巧2： sea是独一无二的东西，用定冠词the。4. with。技巧3：“用石头”那就用with。5. as。技巧3：“作为天文日历

19、”用as。6. among/of。技巧3：“在之中”，用among或of。7. and。技巧4：这里是两个谓语动词连用，所以用and。8. how。技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词，这里是”动词+疑问词+ to do sth”结构，所以用疑问词，要表示”如何组织”所以用how。9. who。技巧5：这里前面是一个句子，后面lived又是一个具体的时态，所以也是谓语，故应该是句子，只是这里是一个定语从句，所以用who。10. did。技巧6：这里是表示过去确实做了某事，故用did表示强调。二、 给出动词的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧

20、8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。1. No one in the department but Tom and I _(know) that the director is going to resign. 2. All the employees except the manager _(encourage) to work online at home. 3. Every possible means _(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the

21、 sky is still not clear. 4 If he _(follow) my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. 5. I should not _(watch) that movie itll give me horrible dreams. Keys:1. knows 2. are encouraged 3. has been used 4. had followed 5. have watched 技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定

22、的方法主要有：1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。_ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaki

23、ng。2) 作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因”(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是”我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very l

24、ikely _33 (succeed). 解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。3) 作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如： He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” 解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。 The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the forei

25、gn guests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。4) 不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式。如： There will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. 解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。 Lessons 39 (lear

26、n) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。1. It rained heavily in the south, _(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.2. A great number of students _(question) said they were forced to practise the pia

27、no. 3. His first book _(publish) next month is based on a true story. 4. _(tell) many times, he finally understood it. 5. The lady walked around the shops, _(keep) an eye out for bargains. Keys:1 causing 2. questioned 3. to be published 4. Having been told 5. keeping 综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空Not many peo

28、ple know that Charles Dickens was an actor as well as a writer. A workaholic who _1_ (haunt) by memories of his impoverished childhood, when he worked in a blacking factory, Dickens was never the most emotionally stable of men at the best of times, never mind at the worst. In 1857 his friend Willkie

29、 Collins wrote a play about a _2_ (fail) Arctic expedition. Dickens became _3_ (lose) in it and, like a rapper whos tired of the _4_ (record) studio, _5_ (volunteer) to play the role of the villain. Then he fell in love with his 18-year-old co-star and _6_ (leave) his wife. You couldnt exactly say t

30、hat Dickens is hot right now, but something is going on with him. Not just with his work, but with Dickens the person. So far this year he _7_ (turn) up as a character in Dan Simmons Drood and Matthew Pearls The Last Dickens, both of which deal with his final but _8_ (finish) novel, The Mystery of E

31、dwin Drood. Writers love _9_ (prey) on their own kind anyway, but whats so interesting about Dickens is the disconnection between his life and his art. His novels are full of last-minute redemptions(赎罪) and neat resolutions, but his life was a mess worth _10_ (put) on reality TV.Keys：1. was haunted。

32、技巧8：who告诉我们后面是一个从句，所以应该有谓语动词，这里表示过去的被动。2. failed。根据技巧9，这里应该用非谓语动词做定语，表示完成的被动，故用failed。3. lost。根据技巧9，became已经是谓语动词，这里就是非谓语了，非谓语做表语，lose应该用被动。4. recording。非谓语动词做定语，表示”用于录音的”要用recording。5. volunteered。根据技巧8，and连接两个谓语动词became lost和这里的volunteer，跟前面一致，所以用过去式volunteered。6. left。同样是and连接两个过去式的谓语动词。7. has tu

33、rned。这个句子只有一个动词，所以用谓语动词，so far要求与完成时态连用。8. unfinished。and连接final和这个定语，非谓语动词做定语，表示已经完成，用过去分词，but这个词提示应该是未完成，所以用unfinished。9. to prey/preying。love后面可以跟不定式to do或动名词doing做宾语。10. putting。worth后面跟动词的ing形式主动表示被动。三、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。 The youngster immediately fell

34、_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语mos

35、t of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的”，填interested。1.In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.2 If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.3 Mr.

36、 Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).Keys:1.personal 2.immediate 3.more popular 技巧11：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在”冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.2. On the se

37、ven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries.3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperity of our country.4. the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere.5. instructors expect students to be familiar wit

38、h _ (inform) in the readingKeys:1.instructions 2.choice 3.pride 4. similarities 5 information技巧12：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China.2 I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.3 The island is _ (equal) attractive in

39、spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.4 Do you think shopping online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?Keys:1.increasingly 2.merely 3.equally 4.finally 技巧13：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-等，在词根后加-less等。如：1 with th

40、e time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve.2 _(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the train had left five minutes.Keys:1 hopeless 2 unfortunately技巧14：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：1there was a lot of information abo

41、ut the citys well-known tourist 34 _ (attract) 2 The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3 Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday,destroying homes and other buildings and injur

42、ing at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said.The _33_ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. Keys:1 attractions 2 harder 3 worst 综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空The _1_ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 ma

43、y have been caused by complications stemming from strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _2_ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _3_ (vary) theories about the cause of his _4_ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasiti

44、c disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork. On his death certificate it was _5_ (office) recorded that the cause of death was Hitziges Frieselfieber, or “heated military fever,” referring to a rash that looks like millet(粟) seeds. But _6_ (research) from the University of Amsterdam in the Ne

45、therlands said _7_ (study) on his death have _8_ (general) been based on less-than-reliable evidence, like accounts from people who witnessed Mozarts final days, written decades after his death. Their new study, reported in the Annals of Internal Medicine, was based on information from _9_ (office)

46、death registers for Vienna in the winter of 1791 that places Mozarts death in a _10_ (wide) context. He died in Vienna.Keys：1. death。技巧11：作主语，用名词形式。2. composers。技巧10：作定语通常用形容词形式，这里是”作曲家的死”，所以用所有格。3. various。技巧10：作表语，通常用形容词形式。4. untimely。技巧10：作定语，通常用形容词形式，time的形容词加ly，且这里是”不合时宜的，过早的”之意，所以要用否定意义untimely。5. officially。技巧13：修饰动词，作状语，用副词形式。6. researchers。技巧11：作主语，用名词形式。”说”的应该是”研究员”而非”研究”。7. studies。技巧11：作主语，用名词形式。谓语动词是have，所以是复数主语。8. generally。技巧13：修饰动词，作状语，用副词形式。9. of