鲁教版八年级上册重点知识汇总(共28页).doc
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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?重难1. use(1)be used to do sth 被用来做 如:A knife is used to cut something.(2)Its no use doing sth 使没有用。在做动词时“使用”“应用”的意思。后面常用句型be used to +名词(动名词)表示“习惯于”;used to do sth 表示“过去常常做某事”。如:He is used to hard work. But I was used to driving in all kind of weather. I used to
2、 go to my office on foot.在否定和疑问句中有两种做法,提前或者在后面直接加not,也可借助动词。2. less 是little的比较级,接不可数名词,最高级是 leastfewer 是few的比较级,后接可数名词,最高级是 fewest3. pollution污染,不可数名词。表示“空气/噪音污染”要用air/noise pollution。如:there is a lot of pollution in the air here.4. building,建筑物,可数名词,其动词形式是build(built, built)。如:There is a tall/high
3、building in our school.5. rocket 名词,意思是“火箭”,a carrier rocket 运载火箭,a step rocket多级火箭。6. space空间,空处,可数名词。如:There is a space of 46inches wide between the to bookcases.The road is bad for a space of two miles. 这段路有两英里坏了。We need more spaces to set up it. 我们需要更多的空间来建它。Is there any space left? 还有地方吗? 当作“太空
4、”讲时是不可数名词。如:space station 太空站 /space ship 太空船 /space suit 宇航服7. fly: v. 飞,常用于以下词组中: fly over飞过去;fly to飞往。 fly也可以作名词,意思是“苍蝇”。8. fall (fell) 一般是不及物动词,主语可以是人也可以是物 常用于以下词组中:fall asleep入睡;fall ill生病;fall off 跌落,掉下;fall over 向前摔倒。9. alone: adj.单独的,独自的,在句子中只做表语。如:Her parents were dead and she was alone. 与a
5、lone词义相近的还有lonely。alone 表示“没有别的人”,lonely 表示一种心理状态,意为“孤独,寂寞”,指因缺少朋友而产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。10. probably: adv. 可能,大概。 (辩) maybe,perhaps 基本相同,前者多用于口语, probably是很可能的意思,可能性比前两者大。11. suit: n. 套。a suit of clothes 一套衣服。12. be able to (辩) be able to和 can 这两个词意思相近,但be able to 有更多的时态变化,还可以用于不定式或动名词短语中。如:I d like to be
6、able to stay here.can 的过去式是could,表示一般的能力,通过一定的训练才具有的能力用be able to。再有,be able to的主语一定是有生命的名词。13. even even if=though。even通常放在语气要加强的词或短语之前,后面可以用比较级14. on computers 表示通过电脑做事15. in future表示“从今以后”,指从现在算起今后的情况,可于from now on换用in the future 通常指在将来的某个时候,指离现在较远的将来的某时 /for the future 为未来16. in+一段时间, 表示将来,与将来时连
7、用。 In 100 years 在一百年后。17. live to be 活到,后接名词或形容词。如:She lived to be a hundred.live to do 活到可以做,后接名词或代词。如:He can live to see his granddaughter grow up. 18. fall in love with 强调爱上这一动作,是瞬间动词词组,不能与表示一段的时间连用 be in love with 表示相爱这一状态,可与一段时间连用。fall为系动词。19. might: 情态动词,并非may的过去式,而是用作may的替换词,表示可能性不大,这样使用时migh
8、t即可表示现在的时间,也可以表示将来的时间。20. predict (prediction) 预言predicting the future 是动名词短语,在句中做主语,动名词是由“动词原形+ing”构成的,使用时有双重性,一方面有动词的特性,可以有自己的状语和宾语,另一方面又有名词,形容词的特征,可以在句中作主语,表语,定语等。21. however,用作副词,表示“然而”,可用于句首或句中。用于中间时,后面经常用逗号隔开。how ever分开写主要用于疑问句中,表示加强语气。22. already一般用于肯定句中。否定句用yet,用于完成时态。23. simple: adj. (simpl
9、y, adv.) simple 表达由于内容并不复杂,因而轻易便作到“能够理解”“使用”,反义词是复杂的complex。easy表达不用费力便能做到“能够理解”。24. such such a good book = so good a bookbored: adj. 厌烦的。常用于词组sb be bored, sth be boring25. possible其反义词为impossible。常用于词组as .as possible。26. seem好象,似乎。seem + to do (be),好象。如:He seems to like his new book.seem + adj。如:
10、It seems good for you.seem to be doing sth/seem like27. happen = take place,词组happen to +n/pron表示“偶然发生某事”,后者是事先计划好而发生,没有偶然的意思。一、重点、难点、考点详解1、Do you think there will be robots in peoples homes? do you think 你认为, 通常用来询问对方的看法。后面常接宾语从句。如do you think 用在句中,则为插入语,常放在特殊疑问词之后,结构为:疑问词+do you think + 主语+谓语+其他成分
11、。如:Do you think he will come back tomorrow?What time do you think the train will arrive here? in peoples homes 在人们家里。此时,home 作名词,家,相当于house; 注意:home 还可以用作副词,回家、在家。如:He didnt leave home until he was 21.I am going home now. See you tomorrow.辨析:home, family, house.home 家(乡),指家人共同居住的地方,侧重强调家庭的氛围。如:I reg
12、ard Beijing as my second home.family 家(庭),指一家人或家庭成员,侧重强调人,与房子或其他无关。如:My family are watching TV now.house 房(屋),指人所居住的地方,侧重于建筑物,包括院子等等。如:We will move to a new house next week.2、Everything will be free. everything pron. 每件事物,属于不定代词。注意:做主语时,谓语用单数;当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词后置。如:I hope everything goes well.He loves
13、everything new.常见的不定代词有:something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, etc. free adj. 自由的、空闲的, 相当于 have time; 免费的、免税的。如:Are you free today?Buy one, one free!【典型例题】-Is _ ready for the journey?-No, we havent got a camera. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing3、Books will only
14、 be on computers, not on paper. on computers / paper 用电脑/ 纸, 介词on 表示“借助或通过某种方式”,类似的用法还有:on TV 在电视里; on the phone 在电话中; on the radio 在收音机里; on the Internet 在网上。 paper n. 纸、纸张,不可数名词,一张纸表示为:a piece of paper; 当paper 作试卷、论文讲时,是可数名词。如:Please pass me three pieces of paper.The history paper is really easy.【
15、典型例题】Please pass me two _A. pieces of paper B. pieces of papersC. pieces paper D. piece paperI think kids will stay at home _ computers _ the future.A. on, at B. in, in C. on, in D. at, in 4、people will live to be 200 years old.live to be +基数词+ years old 活到.岁。如:I want to live to be 100 years old.Can
16、 pandas live to be fifty years old?注意:熟记一下与live有关的短语。live on sth. 以.为生。live by doing sth. 靠做.为生。live in + 地点。住在某地。live a quite life 过着平静的生活。live on the fourth floor. 住四楼。5、Will people use money in 100 years? use 作动词,利用、使用。如:May I use your ruler?use 做名词,用处、作用,常用语一下结构:Its no use doing sth. 做某事没有用。 mak
17、e (good) use of (充分)利用某物。如:Its no use arguing with her, because he wont listen.We should make good use of time. in 100 years 在100年以后。in +时间段表示:在一段时间以后,常与一般将来时连用。对之提问常用how often。如:How soon will she come back?In a week.辨析:in,after与laterin 后加时间段,以现在时间为起点,表示从现在起之后的一段时间,句中用一般将来时。如:My mother will return i
18、n a month.after 后即可以加时间段也可以加时间点。如果after后接一段时间,常以过去的时间为起点,句中常用过去时;如after 后接时间点,表示某一时间为起点的若干时间之后,也可以用于将来时。如:He came back to school after two weeks.I think that they will arrive there after five oclock.later 前加时间段,表示若干时间之后,常用于过去时。如:He went back to this city eight years later.=He went back to this city
19、after eight years.【典型例题】The students will go back to school in two days (画线部分提问)_ _ _ the students _back to school?6、There will be more/less/fewer pollution. fewer 更少的。修饰可数名词复数。如:He has fewer friends in this school. less 更少的。修饰不可数名词。如:There will be less pollution.辨析:few, a few, little, a little.few
20、指没有多少,表否定,后接复数可数名词。如:I am afraid I know few words of French.a few 指少数几个,而非很多,表肯定,后接复数可数名词。如:There are a few students in the classroom.little 指很少,几乎没有,表否定,后接不可数名词。如:Unfortunately he now had little money left.a little 指一点,有点儿,表肯定,后接不可数名词。如:I need a little help to move these books. pollution n. 污染(物),不
21、可数名词。对应的动词为pollute,污染、弄脏。如:There is a lot of pollution in the air here.This is a polluted river.【典型例题】I have more apples than Lucy. (改为同义句)Lucy _ _ apples than I 7、Cities will be very big and crowed.crowed adj. 拥挤的,常用于词组 be crowded with 挤满了。对应的crowd可以作名词,表示:人群,也可以作动词,表示聚集。如:The supermarket was crowd
22、ed with customers.He pushed his way through the crowd.Supporters crowded the stadium.8、I will live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. go to + 地点 去某地,类似的结构还有:fly to 飞往. move to 搬到come to 来到 walk to 步行去.drive (a car )to 开车去. ride (a bike)to 骑车去.注意:此类动词如果后面接的是地点
23、副词则去掉to , 如go home/there等。如果是名词则带to,如:go to school 等。 fall in love with 喜欢、爱上.。如:She saw the doll and fell in love with it.拓展:记忆与fall 有个的短语a).fall down 跌落、掉落。 b). fall off 从.掉下c).fall ill 病了 d).fall behind 落后,落后于(某人或某物)e).fall over 跌倒,绊倒 f).fall into 落入、陷入。9、Because I dont like living alone. alone 单
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