(精品)初中英语语法_一般时态.ppt

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1、一一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、客观真理或事实等。表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、客观真理或事实等。与一般与一般现在时连用的时间状语现在时连用的时间状语：often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday/week/year等等一般现在时的构成：一般现在时的构成：肯定句：肯定句：主语主语is/am/are其它成分其它成分.Heisanofficeworker.主语主语(除第三人称单数除第三人称单数)动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分.Igetupatsixeveryday.主语主语(第三人称单数第三人称单数)动词

2、动词s/es其它成分其它成分.Myfatherusuallygoestoworkbybus.我我(I)用用am,你你(you)用用are,Is连着他连着他(he)她她(she)它它(it),遇到复数都用遇到复数都用are.否定句：否定句：主语主语am/is/arenot其它成分其它成分.Theyarenotinthelibrary.主语主语(除第三人称单数除第三人称单数)dont动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分.Idontlikeswimming.主语主语(第三人称单数第三人称单数)doesnt动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分.Theoldmandoesntlikeplayingcards.一

3、般疑问句：一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语其它成分主语其它成分?Isitatalltree?Do+主语主语(除第三人称单数除第三人称单数)动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分?DotheGreensoftengoswimminginsummer?Does+主语（第三人称单数）动词原形其它成分主语（第三人称单数）动词原形其它成分?Doestheearthgoaroundthesun?特殊疑问句（一般时态）特殊疑问句（一般时态）：疑问词疑问词is/am/are+主语主语(其它成分其它成分)？Whattimeisitnow?疑问词疑问词do+主语动词原形主语动词原形(其它成分其它成分)？Whendo

4、youusuallygotobed?疑问词疑问词does+主语（第三人称单数）主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形动词原形（其它成分）？（其它成分）？WheredoesJimdohishomeworkonweekdays?1、一般动词，在词尾加一般动词，在词尾加s;如：如：work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.eg:ShelivesinNingbo.她住在宁波。她住在宁波。2、以、以/s/z/等音素结尾的动词，词尾加等音素结尾的动词，词尾加-es，如词尾为，如词尾为e，只只加加-s.读作读作/iz/如：如：teach-teaches,wash-was

5、hes.eg:Mymotherwashesthecoat.我母亲洗了大衣。我母亲洗了大衣。行为动词行为动词do一般现在时一般现在时第三人称单第三人称单（he,she,it)的构成规则：的构成规则：3.以辅音字母加以辅音字母加Y结尾的词，改结尾的词，改Y为为I再加再加ES，读作，读作ZStudy flystudiesflied 4.以辅音字母以辅音字母+O结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加ES读读作作Zgo do goesdoes5.特殊情况：特殊情况：have has EX2EX2 1.Tom often_(get)up at six in the morning 1.T

6、om often_(get)up at six in the morning 2.The earth _(go)around the sun.2.The earth _(go)around the sun.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.3.Marys parent _(live)in Beijing.4.She _(draw)very well.4.She _(draw)very well.Ex1.Ex1.写出下列词的单三形式：写出下列词的单三形式：写出下列词的单三形式：写出下列词的单三形式：look;go;give;fly;have look;go;giv

7、e;fly;have looks;golooks;goeses;give;gives s;flies;has ;flies;has getsgoeslivesdrawsWherearethey?Theyareintheclassroom.Ishehappy?Yes,heishappy.Ishestrong?Yes,heisstrong.Whatisit?Itisacat.Isshebusy?Yes,sheisbusy.AmIsad?No,Iamhappy.Isitveryhot?Yes,itisveryhot.Heishappy.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否

8、定回答:Heisnot(isnt)happy.Ishehappy?Yes,heis.No,heisnt.Iamhappy.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:Iamnothappy.Areyouhappy?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.疑问句要求把疑问句要求把BE提前，第一人称变成第二人称。提前，第一人称变成第二人称。Theyareintheclassroom.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:Theyarenot(arent)intheclassroom.Aretheyintheclassroom?Yes,the

9、yare.No,theyarent.肯定式否定式疑问式肯定否定回答I am a teacher.I am not a teacher.Am I a teacher?Yes,I am.No,I am not.He/she is a teacher.He/she is not a teacher.Is he/she a teacher?Yes,he/she is.No,he/she isntIt is a cat.It is not a cat.Is it a cat?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.We/You/They are teachers.We/You/They are not

10、 teachers.Are we/you/they teachers?Yes,we/you/they are.No,we/you/they arent.动词动词be一般现在时的构成一般现在时的构成getupwatertheflowersIgetupat6:35inthemorning.Shewaterstheflowers.playfootballwatchTVTheyplayfootballintheplayground.HewatchesTVinthesitting-room.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:Igetupat6:35inthemorn

11、ing.Idonot(dont)getupat6:35inthemorning.Doyougetupat6:35inthemorning?Yes,Ido.No,Idont.对于实意动词，疑问句要求：当主语是他对于实意动词，疑问句要求：当主语是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)时，句子前面加时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加人称时，句前加DO，第一人，第一人(I/we)称换第二人称称换第二人称(you)。Theyplayfootballintheplayground.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:

12、否定回答否定回答:Theydonot(dont)playfootballintheplayground.No,theydont.Yes,theydo.Dotheyplayfootballintheplayground?Ex1.将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式将下列各句从肯定式改为否定式1.ItalktoPeterbecauseIlikehim.2.KatecomesfromAmerica.KateworkswithPeter3.IamChinese,andIamastudent.4.Theyknoweachother.I dont talk to Peter because Idontlike h

13、im.Kate doesntcome from America.Kate doesntwork with Peter.IamnotChinese,andIamnotastudentTheydontknoweachother.1.Her parents live in Shanghai.否:Her parents_ in Shanghai.疑：_ her parents_ in Shanghai?.2.You study English.否：You study English.疑：you study English?3.How often Tom football?A.is,play B.do,

14、play C.does,play D.does,plays dont liveDo livedoDo C1.Jimusually_(have)lunchathome.2.LiGuanhua_(be)twentyyearsold.3.Howmanystudents_(be)thereinyourclass?4.-_she_(study)hard?-Yes,she_.5.Lucyandlily_(notspeak)Chinese.6.Myfather_(notdo)morningexerciseseveryday.7.Shealways_(wash)herclothesonSundays.8._y

15、ourbrother_(like)playingfootball?No,he_.用所给动词一般现在时态填空用所给动词一般现在时态填空:Tomgoestoschooleverydaybybike.1.就就Tom提问提问2.就就goestoschool提问提问3.就就bybike提问提问请做练习请做练习。1.Who goes to school every day by bike?2.What does Tom do every day by bike?3.How does Tom go to school every day?二二一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的

16、状表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。态及打算、计划或准备做某事。与它连用的时间状语有：与它连用的时间状语有：tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inafewdays等。等。表示将来时的常见形式表示将来时的常见形式 1.will+动词原形动词原形(I/weshall)2.begoingto+动词原形动词原形3.be+todo表示计划表示计划,责任责任,约定或命令约定或命令4.beabouttodosth表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做.(不能与表示将来时间的状语连用不能与表示将来时间的状语连用)5.be+v-ing6.一般现在时表将来一般现在时表

17、将来flykitestomorrowHewillflykitestomorrow.TheywillplaybasketballnextWednesday.playbasketballnextWednesdayHewillflykitestomorrow.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:No,hewillnot(wont).Yes,hewill.Willheflykitestomorrow?Hewillnotflykitestomorrow.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:肯定回答肯定回答:否定回答否定回答:Theywillplaybasketball

18、thisafternoon.No,theywillnot(wont).Yes,theywill.WilltheyplaybasketballnextWednesday?Theywillnot(wont)playbasketballnextWednesday.1.will与与shallv1)表示表示一个将来的动作或状态，一个将来的动作或状态，“要要,会会”Shewillgototheparktomorrow.2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事。Tomwillbe18nextyear.Springwillcomeagain.Tomorrowwillbe

19、Sunday.3)will+v有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。有时表示说话是临时决定或打算。-Mycarwontstart.-Dontworry,Iwillcomeandgiveitapush.肯定句肯定句主语主语+shall/will+动词原形动词原形其它成分其它成分.否定句否定句主语主语shall/will+not动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分.一般疑问句一般疑问句：Shall/will主语主语动词原形其它成分动词原形其它成分?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句疑问词疑问词shall/will+主语动词原形其它成分主语动词原形其它成分?如：如：WhatwilltheydonextSaturday?注：注

20、：shall用于第一人称。用于第一人称。will用于各种人称。用于各种人称。口语中口语中常用常用will代替代替shall。shallnot=shantwillnot=wont祈使句+and/or+将来时（will）努力工作否则你就会失败。努力工作否则你就会失败。Workhardoryouwillfail.努力工作你就会成功。努力工作你就会成功。Workhardandyouwillsucceed.2、be going to表示计划，安排要做的事表示计划，安排要做的事表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。表示现在的迹象推断未来可能发生某事。-What_dothisevening?-Iamgoing

21、todomylessons.看那些乌云要下雨了看那些乌云要下雨了.Lootatthedarkclouds.It_rain.isgoingtoareyougoingto3.betodo表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表按计划或安排即将发生的动作表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。表示约定，责任，命令，或注定要发生的动作。官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）官方计划或决定（常见于报纸或广播）HeandIaretomeetattherailwaystationtomorrow.Youarenottobebacklate.Ifnotwatered,theplantsaretodie.Thepresid

22、entistospeakonTVtonight.计划，安排计划，安排责任，命令责任，命令注定要发生的动作注定要发生的动作官方计划或决定官方计划或决定4.beabouttodo表示正要做表示正要做,马上要做马上要做.(不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用不能与表示将来的时间的状语连用)was/wereabouttodowhen正要正要突然发生突然发生英语晚会即将开始英语晚会即将开始。TheEnglishEveningPartyisabouttobegin.我正要出去我正要出去,这时下起了雨这时下起了雨.Iwasabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.5.be+v-inggo,com

23、e,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,takeoff等等动词动词可用可用现在进行时现在进行时表示表示安排安排和计划或即将发生和计划或即将发生的动作的动作。我们明天动身去青岛我们明天动身去青岛.WereleavingforQingdao.6.表示与表示与生日生日,日历日历,课时安排或交通时刻表课时安排或交通时刻表有关的有关的动作动作(一种规律一种规律)，用，用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来时态表示将来时态常用于转移动词如常用于转移动词如：begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,closeThe evenin

24、g class begins at 19:00.火车两点出发火车两点出发.The train starts at two.注注:在时间或条件状语从句中在时间或条件状语从句中,从句用从句用一般现一般现在时在时表示将来时表示将来时:when,assoonas,before,once,if,unless,evenif,incaseIfyoucomethismorning,wewillhaveameeting.WhenIgraduate,Iwillgotothecountryside1.There_twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobeB.aregoin

25、gtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave2.Thetwins_tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.arego D.went3.-When_wehavethemeeting?-At8.A.areB.shallC.would D.will4.-When_you_forLondon?-Nextweek.A.will;leavingB.are;leavingC.shall;leaveD.have;left1.Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincew

26、evegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israiningExercises2.Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm_quiteearly,sowe_tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;go3.Myyoungerbrother_be15yearsoldnextyear.A.isgoingtoB.

27、willC.istoD.should4.Sorry,Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.Nevermind,_postitmyselftonight.A.ImgoingtoB.IprefertoC.IllD.Idrather5.Writetomewhenyougethome._.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican三 一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。Igotupearlyyesterday.Howwa

28、syourweekend?Itwasgreat.Shedidntplaysportslastweekend.DidyougotoCentralPark?Yes,Idid.Wheredidyougoonvacation?结论结论：1常带有表过去的常带有表过去的时间状语时间状语（见到这些词用一般过去时）.ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,twodaysago,last(night,week,month,year,),in+一个过去的年份一个过去的年份,justnow,attheageof,oneday,longago,onceuponatime(很久以前很久以

29、前)be 的过去时:is-wasamwasare-were肯定句：主语+过去式+其他 He was at home yesterday.否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去式+其他 He wasnt at home yesterday.一般疑问句：was/were+主语+动词原形+其他 Was he at home yesterday?-yes,he was.-no,he wasnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 （was/were+主语+过去式+其他）Where was he yesterday?行为动词的一般过去式：do-did肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他 I went t

30、o the movie yesterday.否定句：主语+didnt(助动词)+动词原形+其他 I didnt go to the movie yesterday.疑问句：Did(助动词)+主语+动词原形+其他 Did you go to the movie yesterday?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 (Did+主语+过去式+其他）Where did he go yesterday?(movie)when did he go to the movie?(yesterday)构成规则构成规则例词例词1.一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-edlooklookedplayplay

31、edstartstarted2.结尾是结尾是e的动词加的动词加-dlivelivedhopehopeduseused3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加母，再加-edstopstoppedplanplannedtriptripped4.结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，的动词，先变先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-edstudystudiedcarrycarried规则动词过去式的构成规则动词过去式的构成清念清念/t/,元浊元浊/d/;/t/d/之后念之后念/id/规则动词规则动词-ed的读音的读音说明：说明

32、：1、清念、清念/t/，即，即ed在清辅音后面念在清辅音后面念/t/,例：例：finishedhelpedpassedcooked2、元浊、元浊/d/,即即ed在元音，浊辅音后面念在元音，浊辅音后面念/d/,例：例：borrowedenjoyedcalledmoved3、/t/d/之后念之后念/id/,即即ed在在/t/d/音后面念音后面念/id/例：例：wantedshoutedneededcounted不规则动词表不规则动词表InfinitivePasttenseamiswasarewerebeginbegunbreakbrokebringbroughtbuildbuiltbuybough

33、tcancouldInfinitivePasttensecatchcaughtcomecamedodiddrawdrewdrinkdrankdrivedroveeatatefallfell动词过去式转换练习动词过去式转换练习将下列动词变为过去式将下列动词变为过去式返回上页返回上页订正答案订正答案e16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read返回上页返回上页返回首页返回首页返回练习返回练习动词过去式转换练习动词过去式转换练习答答 案案1.looklooked2.livelived3.stopstopped4.carrycarried 5.hopehoped 6.t

34、riptripped7.callcalled8.finishfinished9.wantwanted10.arewere11.go ecame16.saysaid17.seesaw18.putput19.eatate20.taketook21.readread一般过去时态练习一般过去时态练习用动词的过去式填空用动词的过去式填空1._you_(remember)tobuytheoranges?2.Who_(invent)thecomputer.3.We_(go)tothecinemalastnight.Thefilm_(be)verygood.4.Whattime_you_(get)toscho

35、olthismorning?5.Jim_(do)alotyesterday.He_(go)shoppingand_(cook)supper.返回练习返回练习订正答案订正答案用动词的过去式填空用动词的过去式填空1.Didyouremembered(remember)tobuytheoranges?2.Whoinvented(invent)thecomputer.3.Wewent(go)tothecinemalastnight.Thefilmwas(be)verygood.4.Whattimedidyougot(get)toschoolthismorning?5.Jimdid(do)alotyes

36、terday.Hewent(go)shoppingandcooked(cook)supper.返回首页返回首页返回上页返回上页返回练习返回练习1.Heusuallygetsupearlyinthemorning.But_latetoday.2.Sheusuallyworksfrom8a.m.to5p.m.Butyesterday_3._onSundays.TheywenttotheparklastMonday.4._atbreakfast.Butyesterdayhedidntreadthenewspaper.一般过去时态练习一般过去时态练习把下列句子改成相应时态把下列句子改成相应时态订正答案

37、订正答案返回练习返回练习1.Heusuallygetsupearlyinthemorning.Buthe gotuplatetoday.2.Sheusuallyworksfrom8a.m.to5p.m.Butyesterdaysheworkedfrom8a.m.to6p.m.3.TheyoftengototheparkonSundays.TheywenttotheparklastMonday.4.Hereadsthenewspaperatbreakfast.Butyesterdayhedidntreadthenewspaper.一般过去时态练习一般过去时态练习把下列句子改成相应时态把下列句子改

38、成相应时态返回首页返回首页返回练习返回练习返回上页返回上页PRACTISE改写句子：改写句子：1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）（改否定句）Lucy_herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge.（变一般疑问句（变一般疑问句)_he_meatinthefridge?3、Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）（对划线部分提问）_she_there?4、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句（变一般疑问句)_there_orangeinthecup?didntdoDidfindanyHowlongdidstayWasanyThatsgreat