19号阅读理解（正）.ppt

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1、阅读理解能力提高技巧阅读理解能力提高技巧Improving your reading abilityRome was not built in a day!Do more reading exercise and read different subjects as possible as you can!The subjects of reading passage1.Daily life(平常生活平常生活)2.Anecdote(轶事传说）轶事传说）3.Ads and notices(广告通知广告通知)4.News reports(报道）报道）5.Social culture(社会文化）社会

2、文化）6.History and geography(史地）史地）7.Economy(经济）经济）高高考考阅阅读读题题材材：1 读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。事实和细节。2 既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。3 既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。的态度，意图等。4 既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。并据此进行推理和判断。5 既能根据所提供的

3、信息去理解，也能结合中学生应既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解有的常识去理解The main requirement of reading comprehension test(二二).Details to comprehend细节理解题细节理解题(一一).Guessing meaning 猜测词义题猜测词义题(四四).Purpose and Subject主题主旨题主题主旨题(三三).Reasoning judgment推理判断题推理判断题(六六).diagram and chart 图示理解题图示理解题The questions of reading in NMET

4、高高考考阅阅读读题题型型(五五).the purpose and attitude of the author 作者观点态度题作者观点态度题Word Formation 构词法构词法 Context 上下文上下文 Rule and method规律方法规律方法一一.猜测词义猜测词义题题 Word Formation 构词法构词法：super-(超超)mini-(极小极小,微小的）微小的）micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能

5、的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)mispronounce nonsmokereastwards(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)1.It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)2.Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.(v.不同意不同意)3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的

6、)Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。词义。.Gossip is a way for people to let you know the limits of social behavior.“If you move into a community and your neighbor tells you how the former homeowner never dealt with his rubbish properly,his gossip is _”says Dr.Ralph Rosnow of Temple Universit

7、y.Q:The underlined words in paragraph2 means_ A.allowing you to come in for something B.informing you something in a certain field C.telling you to do cleaning first before moving in D.warning you to pay attention to your behaviorletting you in on something,二二.细节理解题细节理解题Mainly examine the students a

8、bility of understanding the specific details or the main facts like who、what、when、where、cause、effect、data and so on.1)Paani Laupepa,a Tuvaluan government official,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many sci

9、entists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.55According to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous g

10、lobal warmingDrising sea levelsPracticeRule and method规律方法规律方法这类题目找不到直这类题目找不到直接答案，只可以找出供推论的依据。接答案，只可以找出供推论的依据。小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。同义词解释的选项。1)不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项 2)不选非事实选项不选非事实选项 3)选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项三推理判断题【例题例题】When the young waitress near my house started saying hello t

11、o me every day,I was very happy.She was at least fifteen years younger than I.One day she signed me to come near.When I walked over,she asked,“Are you single?“Why,yes.I answered,smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.she said,“Would you like to meet her?四.主题主旨题分析、概括，归纳相关部分分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意的中心大意(Mai

12、n idea)，选择标题（选择标题（title），判断作），判断作者的写作目的（者的写作目的（purpose）一开门见山一开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising,so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too qui

13、ckly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.分清分清main idea 和和 supporting sentences二，首尾呼应二，首尾呼应 为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见.但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。(首段）Shu Pulong has helpe

14、d at least 1000 people bitten by snakes,“It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.Shu said.三，先表述细节三，先表述细节,后归纳要点后归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 A human bod

15、y appears to be rather soft and delicate,compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness is an advantage;it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size,because he can do so many different things with

16、his limbs.Mans games show how he can control his own body.No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage

17、and death that threaten him.分清分清details和和 conclusion四无主题句四无主题句 在全文中没有明确的主题句在全文中没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。宽泛，要恰如其分。Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Pa

18、ris and decided to leave his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.Q:What is the main idea of the passage?A.How

19、Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B.Bingham is a diligent student.C.Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D.A good lawyer needs good education.【解题思路】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作

20、者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 一一.Look at the items before read the passages and then analyse the information of each choice 速读全文，了解大意知主题。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用速读全文，了解大意知主题。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句。略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句。详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络先看题干，带着问题读文章。其次了解试题题干以及各个先看题干，带着

21、问题读文章。其次了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息选项所包含的信息 二二.Read the text fast to know the main idea.The students should search the key words and topic sentence in limited time by skimming、scanning and skipping.三三.Read detail,straighten out the ideas and articlesConclusion:The skills and strategies of reading 4.理解作者的观点和态

22、度题理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。考题主要形式考题主要形式:(1)The writers purpose in writing this story is(2)The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that Rule and method规律方法规律方法：正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。-假如你是假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？作者，你为什么要写本文？五五.理解作者观点和态度

23、题理解作者观点和态度题小技巧：辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及小技巧：辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。表示贬义表示贬义：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment.表示褒义表示褒义:positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring表示中立表示中立:indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,humor,di

24、sinterested,disinterest.例例：The author appears _ modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to B.c.to dislike D.to know how to deal with One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is,of course,the voice of the advertisers.It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio l

25、oudspeakers;waves to us from every page of the newspaper;signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.C 1.先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和用户服务，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。2.细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词，它们既是检查的重点，也是把握

26、全文意思的突破口。因此必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。3.复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案阅

27、读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。2.The stytles of the reading1.Descriptive writing(说明文）说明文）2.Argumentation（议论文）（议论文）3.Narrative writings（记叙文）（记叙文）4.Argumention and narrative writings(夹叙夹议

28、文）夹叙夹议文）The structures of the text理解文理解文章基本结构章基本结构说明文的基本结构说明文的基本结构：Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ExampleComparisonClassificationConclusion2.议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构 :ArgumentationTopic(Opinion)Arguments(Supporting sentences)factsexamplestheoryconclusion论点论点论据结论结论3.记叙文的基本结构记叙文的基本结构：Narrative writingsStory presentationTime cluesInverted time cluesEnding(surprising/humourous way(account)4.夹叙夹议文的基本结构夹叙夹议文的基本结构：Argumention and narrative writingsStory presentationconclusionopinionadvicesignificance