力学名词英文翻译教学内容.doc

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1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。力学名词英文翻译-力学通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonianmechanics经典力学classicalmechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopicmechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopicmechanics,micromechanics一般力学generalmechanics固体力学solidmechanics流体力学fl

2、uidmechanics理论力学theoreticalmechanics应用力学appliedmechanics工程力学engineeringmechanics实验力学experimentalmechanics计算力学computationalmechanics理性力学rationalmechanics物理力学physicalmechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点pointofaction作用线lineofaction力系systemofforces力系的简化reductionofforcesystem等效力系equivalentforcesystem刚体rigi

3、dbody力的可传性transmissibilityofforce平行四边形定则parallelogramrule力三角形forcetriangle力多边形forcepolygon零力系null-forcesystem平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibriumofforces平衡条件equilibriumcondition平衡位置equilibriumposition平衡态equilibriumstate分析力学analyticalmechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrangemultiplier拉格朗日量Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrangebracket循环坐标cy

4、cliccoordinate循环积分cyclicintegral哈密顿量Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonianfunction正则方程canonicalequation正则摄动canonicalperturbation正则变换canonicaltransformation正则变量canonicalvariable哈密顿原理Hamiltonprinciple作用量积分actionintegral哈密顿-雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobiequation作用-角度变量action-anglevariables阿佩尔方程Appellequation劳斯方程Routhequati

5、on拉格朗日函数Lagrangianfunction诺特定理Noethertheorem泊松括号poissonbracket边界积分法boundaryintegralmethod并矢dyad运动稳定性stabilityofmotion轨道稳定性orbitalstability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunovfunction渐近稳定性asymptoticstability结构稳定性structuralstability久期不稳定性secularinstability弗洛凯定理Floquettheorem倾覆力矩capsizingmoment自由振动freevibration固有振动naturalv

6、ibration暂态transientstate环境振动ambientvibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulombdamping同相分量in-phasecomponent非同相分量out-of-phasecomponent超调量overshoot参量激励振动parametricvibration模糊振动fuzzyvibration临界转速criticalspeedofrotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peakwidth集总参量系统lumpedparametersystem相平面法phaseplanemethod相轨迹ph

7、asetrajectory等倾线法isoclinemethod跳跃现象jumpphenomenon负阻尼negativedamping达芬方程Duffingequation希尔方程HillequationKBM方法KBMmethod,Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropolskiimethod马蒂厄方程Mathieuequation平均法averagingmethod组合音调combinationtone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipativefunction硬激励hardexcitation硬弹簧hardspring,hardeningspring谐波平衡法harmo

8、nicbalancemethod久期项secularterm自激振动self-excitedvibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧softspring,softeningspring软激励softexcitation邓克利公式Dunkerleyformula瑞利定理Rayleightheorem分布参量系统distributedparametersystem优势频率dominantfrequency模态分析modalanalysis固有模态naturalmodeofvibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波

9、尔方程vanderpolequation频谱frequencyspectrum基频fundamentalfrequencyWKB方法WKBmethod,Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouinmethod缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolianvibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedancematching机械导纳mechanicaladmittance机械效率mechanicalefficiency机械阻抗mechanicalimpedance随机振动stochasticvibration,randomvibratio

10、n隔振vibrationisolation减振vibrationreduction应力过冲stressovershoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoidmotion起伏振荡phugoidoscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopictorque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertialguidance姿态角attitudeangle方位角azimuthalangle舒勒周期Schulerperiod机器人动力学

11、robotdynamics多体系统multibodysystem多刚体系统multi-rigid-bodysystem机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kanemethod转子系统动力学rotordynamics转子一支承一基础系统rotor-support-foundationsystem静平衡staticbalancing动平衡dynamicbalancing静不平衡staticunbalance动不平衡dynamicunbalance现场平衡fieldbalancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力crossforce挠性转子flexiblerotor

12、分频进动fractionalfrequencyprecession半频进动halffrequencyprecession油膜振荡oilwhip转子临界转速rotorcriticalspeed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcriticalspeed涡动whirl连续过程continuousprocess碰撞截面collisioncrosssection通用气体常数conventionalgasconstant燃烧不稳定性combustioninstability稀释度dilution完全离解completedissociation火焰传播flamepropagation组份

13、constituent碰撞反应速率collisionreactionrate燃烧理论combustiontheory浓度梯度concentrationgradient阴极腐蚀cathodiccorrosion火焰速度flamespeed火焰驻定flamestabilization火焰结构flamestructure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulentflame层流火焰laminarflame燃烧带burningzone渗流flowinporousmedia,seepage达西定律Darcylaw赫尔-肖流Hele-Shawflow毛细管流capillaryflow过滤filtrati

14、on爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscibledisplacement不互溶流体immisciblefluid互溶驱替miscibledisplacement互溶流体misciblefluid迁移率mobility流度比mobilityratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porousmedium比面specificsurface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数voidfraction注水waterflooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysicalfluiddynamics物理海洋学physicaloce

15、anography大气环流atmosphericcirculation海洋环流oceancirculation海洋流oceancurrent旋转流rotatingflow平流advection埃克曼流Ekmanflow埃克曼边界层Ekmanboundarylayer大气边界层atmosphericboundarylayer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-oceaninteraction埃克曼数Ekmannumber罗斯贝数Rossbyunmber罗斯贝波Rossbywave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internalfriction海洋波oceanwa

16、ve盐度salinity环境流体力学environmentalfluidmechanics斯托克斯流Stokesflow羽流plume理查森数Richardsonnumber污染源pollutantsource污染物扩散pollutantdiffusion噪声noise噪声级noiselevel噪声污染noisepollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industricalfluidmechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axialflow并向流co-currentflow对向流countercurrentflow横向流crossflow螺旋流spiralflow旋拧流sw

17、irlingflow滞后流afterflow混合层mixinglayer抖振buffeting风压windpressure附壁效应wallattachmenteffect,Coandaeffect简约频率reducedfrequency爆炸力学mechanicsofexplosion终点弹道学terminalballistics动态超高压技术dynamicultrahighpressuretechnique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplasticmedium热塑不稳定性thermoplasticinstability空中爆炸explosioninair地下爆炸undergrounde

18、xplosion水下爆炸underwaterexplosion电爆炸discharge-inducedexplosion激光爆炸laser-inducedexplosion核爆炸nuclearexplosion点爆炸point-sourceexplosion殉爆sympathaticdetonation强爆炸intenseexplosion粒子束爆炸explosionbybeamradiation聚爆implosion起爆initiationofexplosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinsonbar电炮electricgun电磁炮electromagneticgun爆炸洞ex

19、plosionchamber轻气炮lightgasgun马赫反射Machreflection基浪basesurge成坑cratering能量沉积energydeposition爆心explosioncenter爆炸当量explosionequivalent火球fireball爆高heightofburst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regularreflection崩落spallation应变率史strainratehistory流变学rheology聚合物减阻dragreductionbypolymers挤出物胀大extrusionswell,dieswell无管

20、虹吸tubelesssiphon剪胀效应dilatancyeffect孔压误差效应hole-pressureerroreffect剪切致稠shearthickening剪切致稀shearthinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plasticmaterial滞弹性材料anelasticmaterial本构关系constitutiverelation麦克斯韦模型Maxwellmodel沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvinmodel宾厄姆模型Binghammodel奥伊洛特模型Old

21、roydmodel幂律模型powerlawmodel应力松驰stressrelaxation应变史strainhistory应力史stresshistory记忆函数memoryfunction衰退记忆fadingmemory应力增长stressgrowing粘度函数voscosityfunction相对粘度relativeviscosity复态粘度complexviscosity拉伸粘度elongationalviscosity拉伸流动elongationalflow第一法向应力差firstnormal-stressdifference第二法向应力差secondnormal-stressdif

22、ference德博拉数Deborahnumber魏森贝格数Weissenbergnumber动态模量dynamicmodulus振荡剪切流oscillatoryshearflow宇宙气体动力学cosmicgasdynamics等离子体动力学plasmadynamics电离气体ionizedgas行星边界层planetaryboundarylayer阿尔文波Alfvenwave泊肃叶-哈特曼流Poiseuille-Hartmanflow哈特曼数Hartmannumber生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyieldpoint生物屈服应力bioyieldstre

23、ss电气体力学electro-gasdynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology,bloodrheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magnetofluidmechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics,MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamicwave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamicflow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamicstability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biologicalfluidmechanics生物固体力学bi

24、ologicalsolidmechanics宾厄姆塑性流Binghamplasticflow开尔文体Kelvinbody沃伊特体Voigtbody可贴变形applicabledeformation可贴曲面applicablesurface边界润滑boundarylubrication液膜润滑fluidfilmlubrication向心收缩功concentricwork离心收缩功eccentricwork关节反作用力jointreactionforce微循环力学microcyclicmechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological

25、cross-sectionalarea农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmoticflow易位流translocationflow蒸腾流transpirationalflow过滤阻力filtrationresistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-drivingwind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desertfloor流沙固定fixationofshiftingsand流动阈值fluidthreshol

26、d固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theoryofelasticity均匀应力状态homogeneousstateofstress应力不变量stressinvariant应变不变量straininvariant应变椭球strainellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneousstateofstrain应变协调方程equationofstraincompatibility拉梅常量Lameconstants各向同性弹性isotropicelasticity旋转圆盘rotatingcirculardisk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvinproblem布西内斯克问题Boussine

27、sqproblem艾里应力函数Airystressfunction克罗索夫-穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvilimethod基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoffhypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangularplate圆板Circularplate环板Annularplate波纹板Corrugatedplate加劲板Stiffenedplate,reinforcedPlate中厚板Plateofmoderatethickness弯曲应力函数Stressfunctionofbending壳Shell扁壳Shallowshell旋转壳Revolutionaryshe

28、ll球壳Sphericalshell圆柱壳Cylindricalshell锥壳Conicalshell环壳Toroidalshell封闭壳Closedshell波纹壳Corrugatedshell扭转应力函数Stressfunctionoftorsion翘曲函数Warpingfunction半逆解法semi-inversemethod瑞利-里茨法Rayleigh-Ritzmethod松弛法Relaxationmethod莱维法Levymethod松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensionalanalysis自相似性self-similarity影响面Influencesurface接触

29、应力Contactstress赫兹理论Hertztheory协调接触Conformingcontact滑动接触Slidingcontact滚动接触Rollingcontact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropicelasticity颗粒材料Granularmaterial散体力学Mechanicsofgranularmedia热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondenceprinciple褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Totaltheoryofplasticity滑动Sli

30、ding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinearelasticity大挠度Largedeflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finitedeformation格林应变Greenstrain阿尔曼西应变Almansistrain弹性动力学Dynamicelasticity运动方程Equationofmotion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elasticwave简单波Simplewave柱面波Cylindricalwave水平剪切波Horizon

31、talshearwave竖直剪切波Verticalshearwave体波bodywave无旋波Irrotationalwave畸变波Distortionwave膨胀波Dilatationwave瑞利波Rayleighwave等容波Equivoluminalwave勒夫波Lovewave界面波Interfacialwave边缘效应edgeeffect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metalforming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structuralcrashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapsemechanism回

32、弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theoryofplasticity安定性理论Shake-downtheory运动安定定理kinematicshake-downtheorem静力安定定理Staticshake-downtheorem率相关理论ratedependenttheorem载荷因子loadfactor加载准则Loadingcriterion加载函数Loadingfunction加载面Loadingsurface塑性加载Plasticloading塑性加载波Plasticloadingwave简单加载S

33、impleloading比例加载Proportionalloading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloadingwave冲击载荷Impulsiveload阶跃载荷stepload脉冲载荷pulseload极限载荷limitload中性变载nentralloading拉抻失稳instabilityintension加速度波accelerationwave本构方程constitutiveequation完全解completesolution名义应力nominalstress过应力over-stress真应力truestress等效应力equivalentstress流动应力flowstress

34、应力间断stressdiscontinuity应力空间stressspace主应力空间principalstressspace静水应力状态hydrostaticstateofstress对数应变logarithmicstrain工程应变engineeringstrain等效应变equivalentstrain应变局部化strainlocalization应变率strainrate应变率敏感性strainratesensitivity应变空间strainspace有限应变finitestrain塑性应变增量plasticstrainincrement累积塑性应变accumulatedplasti

35、cstrain永久变形permanentdeformation内变量internalvariable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectlyplasticMaterial刚塑性材料rigid-plasticmaterial理想塑性材料perfectlplasticmaterial材料稳定性stabilityofmaterial应变偏张量deviatorictensorofstrain应力偏张量deviatoritensorofstress应变球张量sphericaltensorofstrain应力球张量sphericaltensorofstress路

36、径相关性path-dependency线性强化linearstrain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematichardening各向同性强化isotropichardening强化模量strain-hardeningmodulus幂强化powerhardening塑性极限弯矩plasticlimitbendingMoment塑性极限扭矩plasticlimittorque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plasticbending弹塑性交界面elastic-plasticinterface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastictorsion粘塑性Vis

37、coplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectlyplasticMaterial极限分析limitanalysis极限设计limitdesign极限面limitsurface上限定理upperboundtheorem上屈服点upperyieldpoint下限定理lowerboundtheorem下屈服点loweryieldpoint界限定理boundtheorem初始屈服面initialyieldsurface后继屈服面subsequentyieldsurface屈服面的外凸性convexityofyieldsurface截面形状因子shap

38、efactorofcross-section沙堆比拟sandheapanalogy屈服Yield屈服条件yieldcondition屈服准则yieldcriterion屈服函数yieldfunction屈服面yieldsurface塑性势plasticpotential能量吸收装置energyabsorbingdevice能量耗散率energyabsorbingdevice塑性动力学dynamicplasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamicplasticbuckling塑性动力响应dynamicplasticresponse塑性波plasticwave运动容许场kinematicallyad

39、missibleField静力容许场staticallyadmissibleField流动法则flowrule速度间断velocitydiscontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-linesfield移行塑性铰travellingplastichinge塑性增量理论incrementaltheoryofPlasticity米泽斯屈服准则Misesyieldcriterion普朗特-罗伊斯关系prandtl-Reussrelation特雷斯卡屈服准则Trescayieldcriterion洛德应力参数Lodestressparameter莱维-米泽斯关系Levy-Mise

40、srelation亨基应力方程Henckystressequation赫艾-韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaardstressspace洛德应变参数Lodestrainparameter德鲁克公设Druckerpostulate盖林格速度方程GeiringervelocityEquation结构力学structuralmechanics结构分析structuralanalysis结构动力学structuraldynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hingedarch抛物线拱parabolicarch圆拱circulararch穹顶Dome空间结构spacestructure

41、空间桁架spacetruss雪载荷snowload风载荷windload土压力earthpressure地震载荷earthquakeloading弹簧支座springsupport支座位移supportdisplacement支座沉降supportsettlement超静定次数degreeofindeterminacy机动分析kinematicanalysis结点法methodofjoints截面法methodofsections结点力jointforces共轭位移conjugatedisplacement影响线influenceline三弯矩方程three-momentequation单位虚

42、力unitvirtualforce刚度系数stiffnesscoefficient柔度系数flexibilitycoefficient力矩分配momentdistribution力矩分配法momentdistributionmethod力矩再分配momentredistribution分配系数distributionfactor矩阵位移法matridisplacementmethod单元刚度矩阵elementstiffnessmatrix单元应变矩阵elementstrainmatrix总体坐标globalcoordinates贝蒂定理Bettitheorem高斯-若尔当消去法Gauss-Jo

43、rdaneliminationMethod屈曲模态bucklingmode复合材料力学mechanicsofcomposites复合材料compositematerial纤维复合材料fibrouscomposite单向复合材料unidirectionalcomposite泡沫复合材料foamedcomposite颗粒复合材料particulatecomposite层板Laminate夹层板sandwichpanel正交层板cross-plylaminate斜交层板angle-plylaminate层片Ply多胞固体cellularsolid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degrad

44、ation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiberstress层应力plystress层应变plystrain层间应力interlaminarstress比强度specificstrength强度折减系数strengthreductionfactor强度应力比strength-stressratio横向剪切模量transverseshearmodulus横观各向同性transverseisotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shearlaganalysis短纤维choppedfiber长纤维continuousfiber纤维方向fiberdirection纤

45、维断裂fiberbreak纤维拔脱fiberpull-out纤维增强fiberreinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimumweightdesign网格分析法nettinganalysis混合律ruleofmixture失效准则failurecriterion蔡-吴失效准则Tsai-Wufailurecriterion达格代尔模型Dugdalemodel断裂力学fracturemechanics概率断裂力学probabilisticfractureMechanics格里菲思理论Griffiththeory线弹性断裂力学linearelasticfracturemechanics,LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plasti