老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE6.docx

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1、老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE6 为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成果，下面我给大家带来老托福阅读真题及答案:passage 6，希望大家喜爱! 老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 6 Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda, sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from the early Middle Ages

2、 in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture of alkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in the communities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for gla

3、ss- or soap-making either would do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potash from those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlers of the North American continent. The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many

4、 ways a microcosm of the economy of colonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for the glassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity to permit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown.

5、The second ship to arrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making. The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open, and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and water was

6、 poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. The resulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash. In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land for agriculture, for it was estimated that a

7、s much as half the cost of clearing land could be recovered by the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in the seventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly of shipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite

8、 the beginning of the trade at Jamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts "to encourage the making of potash," beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of the substance. 1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss? (A

9、) How it was made (B) Its value as a product for export (C) How it differs from other alkalis (D) Its importance in colonial North America 2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT: (A) They are alkalis. (B) They are made from sea plants. (C) They are used in making

10、soap. (D) They are used in making glass. 3. They phrase "the latter" in line 4 refers to (A) alkali (B) glass (C) sand (D) soap 4. The word "stressed" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) defined (B) emphasized (C) adjusted (D) mentioned 5. The word "interchangeable"

11、in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) convenient (B) identifiable (C) equivalent (D) advantageous 6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North America because (A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available (B) making potash requ

12、ired less time than making soda (C) potash was better than soda for making glass and soap (D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use 7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT (A) wood (B) fire (C) sand (D) water 8. The word "adjunct

13、" in line 22 is closest in meaning to (A) addition (B) answer (C) problem (D) possibility 9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that (A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods (B) it helped finance the creation of farms (C) it could be made with

14、a variety of materials (D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking 10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems for southern settles? (A) The softwoods were not very plentiful. (B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses. (C) Th

15、e softwoods were not very marketable. (D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash. 正确答案： DBDBC ACABD 托福阅读的满分训练方法 1.词汇 从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。假如词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有"葵花宝典"在手，也只能命丧ETS的"毒招"之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比。 2.通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法即所谓的阅读技巧 TOEFL的阅读量特别

16、大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的"扫读法"、"跳读法"和"略读法"也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章究竟应当怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应当不断的进行思索和预料;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构特别完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预料可以做到特别精确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的

17、结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%. 3.解题训练 解除法唯恐是始终以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时运用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和快速的方法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后干脆在选项中找寻接近的答案进行推断。这种实力必需在平常的训练和讲解中渐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。 除了上述三方面的训练之外，假如能够对一些基本的背景学问加以补充的话，更能确保阅读理解的精确率和速度。 怎么提高阅读理解分数? 所以对于这部分考生，大家备考时就要特殊留意托福阅读的题型以及主题的练习，这样才能_你的托福阅读考试总是

18、低分的尴尬，下面我就带大家一起来相识一下托福阅读的题型及主题，希望对大家有帮助。 1、题型注意解题方法 托福阅读10种题型，除最终的小结题外大都属于考查文章细微环节的题目。依据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时假如词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们恒久要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了， 比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone in 1832, hunted to extermination in order to protect

19、the crops. 这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted 这个状语，而解题时我们只须要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就起先逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。 遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无惹眼的连词，举例信号词等，阅读每段的主题句。 再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最终一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最终一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对困难。 在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握? 一是做题之前可也许阅读文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性

20、的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如练习题6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third 那么此类文章小结题的选项太自不待言了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行练习题练习时，做题虽不行或缺，但还要留意多加练习快速阅读文章的实力。 2、主题增加背景学问 有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点缘由就是对于文章所述内容太过生疏，假如你对其略知一二，信任定会有所不同。比如练习题中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表

21、，对于中学生来说再熟识不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。 若考试打算时间足够，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的学问背景;若时间惊慌，则需搞定练习题套题。依据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“生疏的面孔”都要去熟识，比如一些繁琐的专出名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。 除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们找寻的范围段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子恒久会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一

22、题须要看五个长句，好像很花费时间，但并不须要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。 例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened w

23、hen the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the plac

24、e where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation

25、of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them. 原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.接着来看选项：A. caused cru

26、stal adjustments and faulting 明显是因果倒置了，坚决果断地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 特别惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也解除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, 这缘由里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧! 管中窥豹，可见一斑。由此例可见找关键，作分析可帮助我们快速并且精确的找出选项。值得留意的一点是

27、：无论解题方法多么奇妙，离开了大量的练习就是“无本之源”。 如何备考托福阅读? 一、托福阅读答题依次错误 依次影响速度，进而影响考试得分。 考生在托福阅读答题时原委是先看文章还是先读题，就跟“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的问题一样难解，若你还没有找到一个较合理的做题依次，不妨根据下面的流程来： 先看题，再看每道题目标示出的其对应的段落，并在该段中进行考点定位，阅读，最终选出答案。这样比较简单取得托福阅读高分。 二、托福阅读答题思路错误 常听学生说“这道题做错是因为我当时想多了”。托福阅读的选项之间意思很贴近。而托福阅读基本是在考paraphrase(释义)。 那么在做题的时候肯定要留意：答案都是在文中能

28、干脆找的到的，不要去做任何推断，哪怕是所谓的推断题。 三、托福阅读答题技巧运用不娴熟 首先，我们做题时要时刻保持主动性。这里的主动是指在读文章的时候应主动思索并预判下文以及出题点。并且这招也是许多高分学员共享的阅历。那么，“实行主动预判的做题方式，能够帮助你更快的完成题目”这就是一种做题技巧。 不过，知道了技巧和会运用可是两码事。如何娴熟的运用?要做系统的训练：托福阅读的每篇文章的逻辑结构都是很严谨的，并且这种严谨的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。 四、阅读核心基本功-单词量不够 许多25/26分的学生刷了数次托福阅读照旧没有满分，分析缘由发觉他们有一个共性，那就是单词背的不扎实。单词不过关，很简单对题目和文章内容的理解产生偏差。因为你只有看懂了，才会明白题意，才知道如何答题。不以词汇量为基础的全部做题技巧都是不行靠的。所以还是得踏踏实实背单词! 老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 6本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第15页 共15页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页