七年级上册英语全册语法知识点梳理11362.pdf

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1、-目录 第一讲：动词 1：Be 动词 2.动词第三人称单数 第二讲：代词 1.人称代词及物主代词 2.指示代词 第三讲：名词 1.名词的数 2.名词的所有格 第四讲：数词 1.基数词 2.序数词 第五讲：介词 第六讲：句型 1.肯定句 2.否定句 3.一般疑问句 4.特殊疑问句 5.There be 句型-（一）Be 第一讲：动词 动词（am,is,are）的用法 口诀：I 用 am,you 用 are,is 连着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数统统用 is，复数一律都用 are.变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃，变否定，更容易，be 后 not 莫忘记，疑 问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

2、注意：be 动词通 常会和其他词连写在一起，如：Im,whats,name s,theyre 等 For example：-What is your name?=-Whats your name?-My name is Cindy.=-My names Cindy.-Are you a student?=-Are you a student?-Yes,I am a student.=Yes,Im a student.-What are they?=-What are they?-They are apples.=Theyre apples.What is this?=Whats this?Ex

3、ercises I _ a student.You _ Japanese.He _ my brother.She_ very nice.My name _Harry.I _ 10 years old.LiLei _ very tall.Mary,this _ Tom.What_ this?Miss Zhou _ my teacher.This book_ very interesting.Li Lei and I _-good friends.These _ apples.Those_ bananas.They _students.There _ some bread on the plate

4、.The cat_ black._ she from China?_ you good at English?The books _ on the desk.The black pants _ for Su Yang.This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.Here _ some sweaters for you.There _ a girl in the room.This pair of boots _ for Yang Ling._ David and Helen from England?There some milk for me.There _ some appl

5、es on the tree._ there any kites in the classroom?Gao Shans shirt _ over there.Some tea _ in the glass.My sisters name _Nancy._ there any apple juice in the bottle?My telephone number _ 8563-0770.（二）动词第三人称单数的构成规则：a.一般情况-下在动词词尾加 s 如：get-gets like-likes play plays，want wants，work works，know knows，help

6、helps，getgets b.以字母 s、x、ch 或 o 结尾的动词加-es；如：guessguesses，fix fixes，teach teaches，brush brushes，go goes，dodoes，watchwatches，catchcatches c.以辅音字母 y 结尾的动词，先变 y 为 i，再加-es。如：study studies，carry carries，fly flies，worry worries 特殊词：have-has Exercises 一 完成句子。1.I_(know)the boy.2.They_(go)to work on Sundays.3.

7、He usually_(come)to school early.4.I often_(have)rice,meat and vegetables.5.My grandfather _(play)sports in the park.6.Miss Li _(teach)English in our school.7.The students of Class Four_(sing)a song on Monday.8.Alice and Jerry _(do)homework after school.9.We_(take)a shower in the evening.-10.Her sis

8、ter_(have)Chinese every day.11._ you_(have)a soccer ball?12.Mary_(not come)from America.She _(come)from Britain.13._your mother_(watch)TV every day?14._your sister_(know)English?15.Who_(want)to go swimming?二 用所给词的适当形式填空。1.We often _(play)in the playground.2.2.He _(get)up at six oclock.3.3._you _(bru

9、sh)your teeth every morning.4.4.What_(do)he usually _(do)after school?5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6._Mike sometimes _(go)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night,she_(watch)TV with his parents.8 _Mike _(read)English every day?9.How many lessons_ your classmate_(have)on Monday?-10.What time

10、_his mother_(do)the housework?11.He usually _(get)up at six in the morning.12.She_(have)blues eyes.13.We _(go)to school every day 14.The boy _(like)playing football.15.We_(have)no classes on Sundays.16.She_(write)to her mother once a week.17.It _(rain)quite often during the month of July every year.

11、18.She often_(watch)TV on Saturdays.19.Mike usually_(ride)a bike with his friends in the park.20.Peter and Mary often_(play)badminton together.21.My mother_(have)a lot of cousins.22.Many people often _(listen)to the radio in the morning.23._(do)she _(like)playing the violin?Yes,she_(do).24.She_(have

12、)four brothers.She_(like)them very much.-25.He often _(have)dinner at home.26.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.27.Sandy usually _(play)the piano on Sundays.28.The cat_(like)eating fish every much.29.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have)eight lessons this term.30.She and I _(take)a walk together every evening.31.Who

13、_(teach)English in your school?32.May I _ (know)your address?33._(be)you twelve?34.She_(like)fish,but she _(not like)meat.35.Her mother is good at _(make)cakes.36.Mr.Green wants _(buy)a new watch.37.Who_(be)your English teacher?38.My father _(go)to bed at 10:00 every evening.39.His friend _(like,pla

14、y)computer games.40.Lets _(watch)TV.41._Jim and Tom _(like)-hamburgers?42.What kind of movies_ your grandfather_(want)to see?43.Where _(be)the two volleyballs?44.That_(be)is his family photo.45.We can_(sing)English songs.46.He can_(do)Chinese Kungfu.47.What time _Mr.Brown _(take)a shower?48.Mrs.Jone

15、s _(watch)TV in weekends.49._(be)your sisters in the bedroom?50.My daughter_(watch)TV every day.Sometimes she _(see)a film on Sunday.第二讲：代词 （一）人称代词及物主代词 人称 第 一 第二 第 三 人 称 单 数 第 一 第二 第三-人 称 人 称 人称人称人称 单 数 单 数 复数复数复数 主格 I you he she it we you they 我 你 他 她 它 我们你们他 （她 ，它）们 宾格 me you him her it us you th

16、e m 形 容 词 性 物 主 代词 名 词 词 性 物 主 代词 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他 （她，它）们 my your his her its our your their min your his hers its ours your their e s s s 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我 们 你 们 他 的 的（她，它）们 的 1.通常情况下，人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。2.通常情况下，-人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语。3.形容词性的物主代 词属于限定词，后面要跟它所限定的名词。4.通常情况下，人称代 词主格会与跟在它后面的 be 动词缩写。如：I am=Im

17、 you are=you re he is=hes she is=shes it is=its we are=were they are=theyre Exercises 一 根据 句 子前 后 内 容，写 出正 确 的代词。Li Lei is from China._ is Chinese.My name is Gina._ am a student.This is Tom._ is in Grade Two.His name is Tony._ telephone number is 856-0770.She is a student._name is Julia.二.用所给词的适当形式填

18、空 1.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big.(I)2.The dress is _.Give it to _.(she)3.Is this _ watch?(you)No,its not _.(I)4._ is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _.(he)5._ dresses are red.(we)What color are _?(you)6.Here are many dolls,which one is _?(she)7.I can f

19、ind my toy,but wheres _?(you)8.Show _ your kite,OK?(they)-9.I have a beautiful cat._name is Mimi.These cakes are _.(it)10.Are these _ tickets?No,_ are not _._ arent here.(they)11.Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom.(we)12._ is my aunt.Do you know _ job?_ a nurse.(she)13.That is

20、 not _ camera._is at home.(he)14.Where are _?I cant find _.Lets call _ parents.(they)15.Dont touch _._ not a cat,_ a tiger!（it）16._ sister is ill.Please go and get _.(she)17._ dont know her name.Would you please tell _.(we)18.So many dogs.Lets count _.(they)19.I have a lovely brother._ is only 3.I l

21、ike _ very much.(he)20.May I sit beside _?(you)21.Look at that desk.Those books are on _.(it）22.The girl behind _ is our friend.(she)（二）指示代词-this,that,these,those.These 是 this 的复数形式，指时间、距离较 近的或下面要提到的人或事。Those 是 that 的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。For example：This is my room.That is Lucys room.These are

22、his brothers.Those are his books.第三讲：名词 名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。（一）名词的分类 名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数 名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy，desk，cat，window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family，class，police）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water，paper，silk，money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象 概念。如：work，happiness，m

23、usic，difficulty，housework）专有 名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom，the Great Wall，the Spring Festival，France，the United States）。（二）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几 种：（1）一般情况下，在词尾加 s.e.g.book books，dog dogs，-pen pens，boy boys 辅音结尾的名词后的 s 的读音为 s，以 浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的 s 读音为 z。（2）以 s，x，ch，sh 结尾的词名词变复数时，要在词尾加 es.e.g.beach

24、 beaches，brush brushes，bus buses，boxboxes （es 读音为 iz （3）以辅音字母 y结尾的名词，先变 y 为 i，再加 es.e.g.city cities，family families，documentary documentaries，country countries，strawberry strawberries（ies 读音为 iz）（注：以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s.e.g.boys，holidays，days）（4）以元音字母。结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：加 eg.tomato tomatoes，potato potato

25、es 结尾是两个元音字母的加 s，e.g.zoozoos，radio radios 某些外来词变复数时词尾加 s，e.g.pianopianos 一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加 s，e.g.photo（photograph）photos，kilo（kilogram）kilos zero 变复 数时，既可加 s，也可加 e.g.zeroszeroes （5）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时，先把 f 或 fe 变为 v，再加 es.e.g.wife wives，leaf leaves，half halves，knifeknives，thief thieves（res 读音为 vz（注意：

26、roof 的复数为 roofs；scarf 的复数 为 scarfsscarves）（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加 s 或 es，而是变换其中的字母。e.g.man men，woman women，policeman-policemen，Englishman Englishmen，Frenchman Frenchmen，foot feet，tooth teeth，child children，mousemice，OxOxen（公牛）（7）还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。e.g.Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish （8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可

27、用作单数。e.g.people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors 另外，当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。e.g.an apple tree，five apple trees，a girl friend，two girl friends，a twin sister 但是，当 man 和 woman 作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复 数形式。e.g.two men teachers，three women doctors 可用量词+of+名词复数这一结构表示可数名词的数量。e.g.a room of students，two box

28、es of pencils 2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的量 的表示方式如下。（1）表不定数量时，一般用 much，（a）little，a lot oflots of，some，any 等词修饰。e.g.much money，a little bread （2）表确定数量时，一般用数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two three,+量词复数十 of+不可数名词。e.g.a bag of rice，two glasses of milk，four bottles of water 3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。e.g.fruit 水果 fruits 表示不

29、同种类的水果；food 食物 foods 各-种食品；fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类；drink 饮料、酒 a drink 一杯一份饮料、一杯酒；cloth 布，a cloth 桌布、抹布；sand 沙 sands 沙滩；tea 茶 a tea 一杯茶；chicken 鸡肉 a chicken 小鸡；orange 橘汁 an orange 橘子；glass 玻璃 a glass 玻璃杯，glasses 眼镜；paper 纸 a paper 试卷、论文；wood 木头 a wood 小森林；room 空间、余地 a room 房间 本册已经学过的不可数名词有：broccoli,food,d

30、essert,orange,fruit,soccer,tennis,breakfast,lunch,dinner,help,opera,work,homework,time ice-cream,salad,chicken(既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词)(三)名词的所有格：名词的所有格（表示人或物的所属关系）（1）有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。不是以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s.e.g.Mikes watch；Womens Day 以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。e.g.teachers office，students rooms 两个或两

31、个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后 加 s.e.g.Tom and Mikes room 汤姆和迈克的房间（表示汤姆和迈 克共有一间房）两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加 s.e.g.Marys and Jennys bikes 玛丽和詹妮的自行车（表示玛丽和-詹妮各自的自行车）（2）无生命的事物的名词所有格常用 of 结构 e.g.a map of China，the beginning of this game，the door of the room （3）特殊形式 可用 s 和 of 短语表示的名词所有格 e.g.the boy s name=th

32、e name of the boy（男孩的名字）the dogs legs=the legs of the dog（狗的腿）Chinas population=the population of China（中国的人口）Chinas capital=the capital of China（中国的 首都）双重所有格 e.g.a fiend of my mother s 我妈妈的一个朋 友 a picture of Toms 汤姆的一张图片 Exercises 1.写出下列词的复数形式。baby _ case_ knife_ photo_ Chinese_ hamburger_potato_ k

33、ey_ watch_ name_ strawberry_ wish_ tomato_ dollar_ orange_ people_ documentary_boy_ piano_ child_ man_ this_ that_ I _ she_ you_ bus_ Japanese_ -2.翻译短语 五门学科 _ 三 部 电 影 _ 一 些 动 作 片 _ 许 多 手 表 _ 一点食品 _ 一点蔬菜 _ 许 多 冰 激 凌 _ _ 一 些 三块鸡肉 工 作 _ 许 多 作 业 _ 四 辆 公 共 汽 车 _ 3.选择填空 1、There _on the wall.They are very

34、beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos 2.This kind of car_made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four_and two_in the group.A.Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German D.Japanese,Germans 4.Thats A.an B.a art book.C.the D are-5.The boys have got already.

35、A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread 6.The old man wants .A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples 7.There some in the river.A.is,fish B.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish 8.There _ two_ in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are

36、watch D.is watches 9.We should clean twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers 11.In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 4.把下列句子变成复数句。1.This is

37、 my friend.2.This is a bike.3.That is her brother.4.This is a book.5.That is an eraser.-6.It is a red orange.7.He is a teacher.8.What s this?9.This is my mother.10.He is a Chinese boy.11.I am a student.12.A photo is on the wall.13.You are a Chinese.14.It is an action movie.15.She has a nice dress.5.

38、改错。1.He has many ice cream for breakfast._ 2.The girl has two broccoli for lunch._ 3.I need some salad._ _ 4.The student does a few homework every day._ 5.I want to go to movie._-_ 6.We can see much clothes in the store._ 7.Does she have three cousin?_ 8.They are Japaneses._ _ 9.I have some apple._

39、_ 10.I want to see a Beijing Opera._ 第四讲：数词 （一）基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。1.基数词的构成 （1）1-20 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty （2）21-99 先说几十，再说几，中间加连字符。23 twenty-three，34thirty-four，45 forty five，56fifty-six，67

40、sixty-seven，78seventy-eight，89eighty-nine，91ninety-one-（3）101999 先说几百，再加 and，再加末两位数或末位数；586 five hundred and eighty-six，803eight hundred and three （4）l，000 以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个，第一个，前为 thousand.第二个，前为 million，第三个，前为 billion （美式）或 thousand,million（英式），然后一节一节地表示。1,001one thousand and one 9,785nine thousan

41、d,seven hundred and eighty-five 18,423eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty,billion（美式）seven hundred and fifty thousand million（英式）（二）序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。1.序数词的构成 （1）一般在基数词后

42、加 th e.g.four fourth，thirteen thirteenth （2）不规则变化 one first，two second，three third，five fifth，eight eighth，nine ninth，twelve twelfth （3）以 y 结尾的十位整数，变 y 为 ie 再加 th twenty twentieth，forty fortieth，ninety ninetieth （4）从二十一后的几十几直至几百几十几或几千几百几 十几只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first，two hundred-and forty-fifth 2.序数词

43、的用法 （1）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。e.g.Tom is their second son.He is the first one to come here.（2）序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上又，再一 e.g.He tried a second time.他又试了次。Shall l ask him a third time？还要我再问他次吗？（我已问了他两 次）（3）序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。1st 2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，22nd，23rd （4）表示年、月、日时，年用基数词，日用序数词。2005 年 8 月

44、 15 日：（英）15，8，2005=15th，August，2005；（美）8，15，2005=August 15th，2005 （三）基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。No.1（1 号），No.3bus（3 路公共汽车），Room 103，（103 号旁间）The first lesson=Lesson Two（第二课）（四）分数词的表达 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于 1 时，分母加 s 13-one third；25-two fifths （五）数学运算的表达 eg.3+5=8 Three plusand five is eight.9-2=7 Nine minus two i

45、s seven.-6x5=30 Five times six is thirty 82=4 Eight divided by two is four.Exercise:按要求补全句子。1.There are _(58 个学生)in our class.2.There are _(65 个班级)in our school.3.I have _(13 本书)in my schoolbag.4.Are there _(73 套桌椅)in this classroom.5.There re _(27 个 男 生)and _(31 个女生)in my class.6.There are _(15 台电脑

46、)in that room.7.My grandma is _(82 岁).8.There are _(44 位女老师)in her school.9.There are _(94 位男医生)in that big hospital,10.I can see _几(只鸟)in the tree.-11._多(少幅画)are there in you bedroom?12.I have _(3 本字典).13.Can you see _一(些风筝)in the sky?14.Our school has _(2 个图书馆).15.There are _(12 个月)in a year.16.Pa

47、uls father is _(57 岁).17.There are _(13 辆公共汽车)on the street.18.We can see _(18 个妇女)over there.19.There are _(22 个孩子)in the room.20.I can see _六(杯茶)on the table 第五讲：介词 一：注意点 1.常用介词及其比较：表示地理位置的介词：(1)at,in,on,to at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示在 ,附近，-旁边 in(1)表示 在大地方;(2)表示在,范围之内。on 表示毗邻，接壤 to 表示在,范围外，不强调是否接壤 E.g.：He a

48、rrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.(2)above,over,on 在,上 above 指在,上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below 相对；over 指垂直的上方,与 under 相对,但 over 与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on

49、表示某物体上面并与之接触。e.g.The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.(3)below,under 在,下面 under 表示在,正下方 below 表示在,下，不一定在正下方 e.g.There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.-表示时间的介词：(1)in,on，at 在,时 in 表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特 指）的

50、早、中、晚等。e.g.in the 20th century,in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in the morning,in the night,in ones life,in ones thirties 等。on 表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。e.g.on May 1st,on Monday,on New Years Day,on a cold night in January,on a fine morning,on Sunday afternoon 等。at 表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。e.g.at 3