老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE30.docx

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1、老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE30 为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成果，下面我给大家带来老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 30，希望大家喜爱! 老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 30 Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects it is estimated that 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects

2、 for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity. Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity

3、that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an ho

4、ur's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed. A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference

5、 between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, compa

6、risons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase. In document

7、ing geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples bec

8、ause they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized. 1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Their physical characteristics (B) Their names (C) Their adaptation to diffe

9、rent habitats (D) Their variety 2. The word "consequence" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) result (B) explanation (C) analysis (D) requirement 3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they (A) are simple in structure (B) are vi

10、ewed positively by people (C) have been given scientific names (D) are found mainly in temperate climates 4. The word "striking" in line 8 is closest in meaning to (A) physical (B) confusing (C) noticeable (D) successful 5. The word "exceed" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A

11、) locate (B) allow (C) go beyond (D) come close to 6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT (A) differences between temperate and tropical zones (B) patterns of distribution of species in each region (C) migration among temperate and trop

12、ical zones (D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants 7. The author mentions tropical Asia in lines 19 as an example of a location where (A) butterfly behavior varies with climate (B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly establi

13、shed (C) butterflies are affected by human populations (D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species 8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists? (A) European butterfly habitats (B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical

14、 regions (C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region (D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups 9. The word "generated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) requested (B) caused (C) assisted (D) estimated 正确答案： DABCC CBC

15、B 托福阅读出题点列举 托福阅读出题点一、列举和并列句 列举指的是： First,. Second,. Third,.。等逐条列出。并列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细微环节性问题”，主要有两种： 1. Which 题型 该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种状况下，往往题目的答案出自最终一个选项。 2 . EXCEPT 题型 该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。例如： All of the fol

16、lowing are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT ? 这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项肯定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点。我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发觉题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。 托福阅读出题点二、否定及转折句 托福听力段落题型及解题要点 如何用逆向搜寻法得高分 如何提高托福听力水平 否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER ， B

17、UT 或RATHER 等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明： A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。 托福阅读出题点三、举例句 句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细微环节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。 托福阅读出题点四、数字与年头 文中的数字、年头、日期等经常是出题者留意的考题点，如 1996 年 10 月第 48 题。 托福阅读出题点五、最高级及肯定性词汇 文章中若出现 must ， all ， only ， anyone ， al

18、ways ， never 等肯定性词汇或 first ， most beautiful 等最高级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细微环节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是 概念肯定 ， 答案唯一 ，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很简单出题，答案肯定正确。相反地，假如文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 为相对性词汇，假如我们出这样一道题： What color hats did some people ch

19、oose? 那么就没有唯一正确的答案，因为有可能为 red,green 或 blue ，给评卷带来困难。 托福阅读出题点六、比较级及比方 假如文中含有 more than 或 as ? as ，like ( a fly )等句型，则为比较级或比方句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。 托福阅读出题点七、同位语及插入语 文章中带有由 that is ，i.e. ，or 等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表达作者感情的语法结构。 这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“

20、细微环节性题目”。 托福阅读出题点八、因果句 句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句： (1) 因果连词：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等 (2)表示因果的动词：cause ，result in ，originate from 等; (3) 表示因果的名词： base, basis, result,consequence 等，这些因果句都是指明某两个事务之间因果关系的，尤为出题者所青陈。因为通过出题可以考查文中两个事务内在的因果关系。此种句型一般出“推断性问题”。 托福阅读出题点九、段落句 文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段员后一句(

21、 文尾句 )都是非常重要的地方，往往是文章作者表达中思想，进行总结综述的地方，因此常出(1)主题性问题，(2)细微环节性问题(3)结构性问题。 托福阅读出题点十、特别标点 有一些特别标点的含义也属于考查范围，它们是： (1) 破折号，表示说明。考细微环节性问题; (2) 括号，表示说明。考细微环节性问题; (3) 冒号，一股同上，有时冒号也表示列举，则考“ EXCEPT ”题目; (4) 引号。表示引用，考细微环节性问题： (5) 惊羡号，表示作者感情，考看法性问题。 综上所述，我们可以利用上面所介绍的考题点，作为“路标”，快速地指引我们找到正确答案;问时作为出题规律，检验自己所选答案的正确性

22、。 托福阅读常见的词根总结1 1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气，大气” aeroplane, aerial, 2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction, 3) alt, 含义是“高”， altitude, 4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它，变更” alternate, 5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物，生命” biology, bionics(仿生学) 6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(节略) 7) cap,

23、capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity 8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度) 9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的) 10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim 11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include 12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” col

24、ony, cultivate, agriculture 13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord 14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生) 15) dic, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict 16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document.nbsp 17) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct(

25、 推论) 18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创建” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect 19) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence 20) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry, transfer, defer(拖延) 21) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine 22) firm, 含义是“坚实” firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(

26、附加) 24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex 25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish 26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort 28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation 29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram,

27、photograph 30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress 31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit 32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion 33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject 34) jour, 含义是“日，一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期) 35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合，连合” con

28、junction, junction(连合) 36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动，工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate 37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“选择，采集” collect, select, lecture 38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活，生存” life, alive, live 39) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位) 40) long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger 41) loqu, locut,

29、含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent, 42) mand, mend, 含义是“吩咐” command, demand, recommend 43) man, manu, 含义是“手，手法” manage, manual 44) memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial 45) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental 46) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant 47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度

30、量” measure, meter, diameter 48) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority 49) miss, mit, 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile 50) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove 托福阅读常见的词根总结2 51) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并) 52) not, 含义是“记号，留意” note, denote, annotation(注释) 5

31、3) onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous 54) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)打算” compare, prepare 55) pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推动) 56) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付) 57) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone 58) plac, 含义是“位置，场所” place, replace 59) peopl,

32、popul, publ, 含义是“人民，民众” public, republic, popular, people 60) port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送) 61) press, 含义是“压，压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression 62) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“试验，验证” prove, approve, 63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“找寻，探问” inquiry, question, inquisition(调查，追究) 64) rang,

33、 rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank, 65) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect 66) riv, 含义是“河流，流远”，river, arrive, derive 67) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption 68) sci, 含义是“相识，学问” science, conscious 69) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script 70) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation

34、, sentiment 71) sign, 含义是“标记，符号” signal, signature, design 72) sembl, simil, 含义是“相像，类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化) 73) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association 74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect 75) struct, 含义是“建筑，构造” structure, construct, instruct, de

35、struction 76) tect, teg, 含义是“遮挡，掩盖” detect, protect 77) temp, tens, 含义是“时间，时机” tense, contemporary, temporal 78) tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend 79) test, 含义是“证明，证明” testify, protest, contest(争辩) 80) text, 含义是“编织， 构成” textile, texture, context 81) tract, trail, 含义是“拖

36、拉，吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩) 82) tribut, 含义是“赐予” contribution, distribute 83) us, ut, 含义是“用，运用” usable, utilize, abuse 84) vac, van, 含义是“空，虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空) 85) vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走，去” invade, wade, evade(躲避) 86) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转，反转” convert, inversion(倒转)， reverse

37、, divert(使转向) 87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看，望见” television, visible, evident, interview, survey 88) viv, vit, 含义是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival, 89) war, ward, 含义是“留意，爱护” aware, wary(谨慎)， ward(守护) 90) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always 老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE 30本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第20页 共20页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页