英语国家社会及文化入门知识考点总结14045.pdf

《英语国家社会及文化入门知识考点总结14045.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语国家社会及文化入门知识考点总结14045.pdf（15页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、-Unit1.选择、判断、填空 1.The flag of Britain:Union Jack 2.The capital of each country:3.The time joining the British parliament:However,in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments,Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles,UK,Great Britain,and England:British Isles:th

2、e island of Great Britain the island of Ireland surrounding isles UK=Great Britain+Northern Ireland Great Britain=England+Scotland+Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain:At first,England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire.Resu

3、lt:England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Sa*on invaded.Result:The land they lived became Angle-land,later changed into England London Scotland Edinburgh Wales Cardiff Northern Ireland Belfast-England,the language they spoken became English.the Vikings inv

4、aded.Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England,which can be e*pressed as Sa*on versus Dane.the Normans,William of Normandy invaded this country.Result:This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading London:(P18)Unit2

5、选择、判断、填空 Northern Ireland(often called Ulsterafter an ancient Irish kingdom)1.Activities to seek Irish independence:Home-rule The Easter Rising of 1916:was the most spectacular event,in which the rebels took over Dublins Post Office,forcing the British to retake it by military means.2.Political part

6、ies:the Sinn Fein party legal SDLP:Social Democratic and Labour Party IRA:Irish Republican Army (illegal)3.Political troubles in Northern Ireland(famous):Indigenous Roman Catholics vs.Protestant immigrates-Partition(分割):The southern 26 counties would form an independent free state,while the 6 north-

7、eastern counties would remain a part of the UK.(即26 Republic Ireland,6 Northern Ireland)4.the Good Friday Agreement:(了解下，P36)Unit 3 1.Process of state building:The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.2.The oldest institution of government in Britain:Britain is

8、both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.3.Divine right of kings:It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God,not from his subjects.4.Magna Carta:limits on the kings ability to abuse his royal power.5.the Bill of Rights:ensured that the King would never be able t

9、o ignore Parliament.(William of Orange 时期)6.The Constitution:(P49)7.The functions of parliament:P49-8.Parliament:The queen:(symbolised,traditional)She is legally head of the e*ecutive,an integral part of the legislature,head of the judiciary,mander in chief of the armed forces and supreme governor o

10、f the Church of England，a confidante to the Prime Minister了解下 The House of Lords：do not receive salaries，both se*ist and elitist(了解下)Lords Spiritual hereditary peers Lords Temporal life peers The House of mons (P49)重要 Unit4 1.The importance of general elections:(P67)重要 2.The electoral campaigns:(P67

11、)3.The formation of the government:(P67)4.The class system in the UK:(P67)5.Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67)了解下 6.The main political parties in the UK:The Conservative party(newest):setting up the National Health Service The Labour party:From 1979 to 1997,the Conservative Party won 4 elections in ro

12、w The Liberal Democrats:a party of the middle-Margaret-Thatcher 改革(There were also negative consequences)了解下 Unit5(判断、选择、填空)1、Absolute Decline 2、Relative Decline of the UK economy:(P81)重要 3、the reason for its relative decline:(了解下)the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war th

13、e era of empire was over Large military e*penses Outdated industries and less-petitive products A lack of close relationship between industry and banks 4.The division of British industries:Primary industries (mining industry 矿业)Secondary industries(steelindustry 钢铁业)Tertiary industries(insurance 保险，

14、the selling of goods)5.The City:The name given to the historic area at the centre of London 6.The London Stock E*change:The heart of the City 伦敦的中心是伦敦城，伦敦城的中心是伦敦证券交易所 Unit6填空、选择、判断 1.Beowulf:One of the oldest of these early Old English literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Sa*on times called Beow

15、ulf.-2.Geoffrey Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales 3.Elizabethan Drama:Marlowe：The Tragical History of Dr Faustus William Shakespeare：Romeo and Juliet The Taming of the Shrew Hamlet A Midsummer Nights Dream tragedies Othello edies Twelfth Night 重要 King Lear The Tempest Macbeth.history plays：Richard III,Ri

16、chard II,Henry IV,and Henry V.Julius Caesar，Antony and Cleopatra 4.The 17th Century:John Milton:Paradise Lost 5.The 18th Century:Jonathan Swift:Gullivers Travels 6.The Romantic Period:William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge：Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic Period.George Go

17、rdon,Lord Byron Three men John Keats Percy Bysshe Shelley-7.The Nineteenth Century Novel:Mary Shelley:Frankenstein Sense and Sensibility Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Emma Charlotte:Jane Eyre the Bronte sisters Emily:Wuthering Heights Ann Elizabeth Gaskell:North and South Oliver Twist Charles Dick

18、ens David Copperfield Great E*pectations The Return of the Native Thomas Hardy Tess of the D Urbervilles Jude the Obscure 8.Female writers in the 19th century of Britain:Mary Shelley Jane Austen the Bronte sisters Elizabeth Gaskell 9.20th Century Literature:Twentieth century literature can be broadl

19、y divided into two stylistic-periods:Modernism,and Postmodernism.Joseph Conrad：The Heart of Darkness Mrs.Dalloway Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse Orlando A Room of Ones Own D.H.Lawrence:Sons and Lovers Unit7 1.The purpose of the British education system:provide children with literacy and the other

20、basic skills socialise children children are taught practical skills learn the rules and values participate in the munity contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.2.The influence of the church on schooling:education was voluntary and many of the schools that e*isted we

21、re set up by churches.religious education was the only subject Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life 3.The National Curriculum：-All children throughout the country must study the following subjects:English,mathematics,science,religious education,history,geography,tec

22、hnology,music,art,physical education,and a modern foreign language.All children throughout the country must pass national tests and schools.All teachers are told what to teach and their schools are now ranked according to how well they perform this task.4.State school:93%of pupils receive free educa

23、tion from the public sector.5.Independent school(public schools/private school):Independent schools are not part of the national education system.Etor school Larrow school Winchester college 6.prehensive school:Entrance e*ams were abolished.Such schools provide a general education.Pupils can study e

24、verything from academic subjects like literature and sciences,to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.7.Grammar school：Those who show academic potential are admitted to the grammar-schools where the emphasis is on advanced academic work rather than the more general curriculum of the pr

25、ehensive schools.8.GCSE：General Certificate of Secondary Education 9.GCEA：General Certificate of Education-Advanced 10.GNVQs：General National Vocational Qualifications 11.The universities in Britain：British universities are public bodies，e*cept one university,the University of Buckingham.12.The Open

26、 University：The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree,through te*tbooks,tv and radio broadcasts,correspondence,videos,residential schools and a network of study centres.Unit8 1.Countries to establish UN:2.The perman

27、ent members of the UN Security Council:the Soviet Union,the United States,China,France,UK 3.The foundations of Britains foreign policy:The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits 4.The making of Britains foreign policy:(

28、P128)5.The relationship between Britain and the EU(P128)-The decision joined the EEC(psychological,natural,controversial)The UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty to a European government.6.The monwealth:Britain is also a member of the monwealth,a voluntary as

29、sociation of states.There are 50 members of the monwealthhich is made up mostly of former British colonies.7.NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organisation):protect member states against aggression The purpose of NATO provide a foundation for security in Europe provide a forum for transatlantic defence coo

30、peration 8.Special relationship with US:has gone through many up and downs 9.Independent nuclear weapons capability:Britain is a traditional sea power.Unit9 1.The division of British media:降序排列 TV Newspaper (In Britain,most advertising is carried in newspapers)Radio -Magazine 2.The functions of the

31、British media:Entertainment Provide British people with information about political and social issues Provide weather reports Carry advertising Used for educational purposes Provide a forum for people to write letters or phone in to e*press their views or seek advice Help Britain engender national c

32、ulture 3.Oldest newspaper:The worlds oldest national newspaper:The Observer The British oldest daily newspaper:The Times The very names of British newspapers-The Times,The Observer,The Guardianstill suggest that the function of the paper is to offer the electorate objective reports about what is hap

33、pening in the country 4.Papers issued internationally:The Financial Times is printed in Frankfurt,France,Hong Kong,New Jersey,Los Angeles,Tokyo and Madrid.(Daily)Telegraph/The News of the World)5.Quality press and gutter press:-The Daily Telegraph The Times The Sun gutter press The Guardian Quality

34、press The Observer 6.Fleet street:It is also known as the Street of Shame 7.BBC:(P144)Unit10 1.Sports born in Britain:Cricket,football,lawn tennis,golf,rugby FA Cup:(Football Association Cup)2.Football violent sport Gentle sport 3.Tennis Wimbledon Wimbledon is where the worlds best players gather to

35、 pete on grass courts.It is one of the major events of the British sporting calendar and probably the most famous tennis event in the world.4.Cricket:Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.5.Golf:The ga

36、me of golf was invented by the Scottish.-6.Horse sports:Flat racing Horse racing steeplechasing The Grand Ntional The Royal Asot:people usually dress up and show off their fashionable cloth and elaborate hats for the social event Equestrianism Hunting 7.Three traditions of Christmas:(P163)the Christ

37、mas Pantomime the Queens Christmas message the Bo*ing Day:Traditionally,it was on Bo*ing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants.8.Religious holiday:crucifi*ion n and resurrection of Jesus Christ Easter Christmas 9.National Holidays:-Queens Birthday trooping the colo

38、ur around Buckingham Palace 10.Holidays in the 4 nations:England:Guy Fawkes Night(the Bonfire Night,celebrated in-November)Northern Ireland:St Patricks Day(March 17)Orange Marches,Battle of the Boyne(July 12)Scotland:Hogmanay(12.31)Burns Supper(1.25)Halloween(10.31)Wales:The Eisteddfod:festival of music making and poetry