老托福阅读真题附答案passage19.docx

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1、老托福阅读真题附答案passage19 为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成果，下面我给大家带来老托福阅读真题附答案passage19，希望大家喜爱! 老托福阅读真题附答案passage19 The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a per

2、iod of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century. In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in

3、what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods w

4、ere imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and

5、 other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance. This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The lo

6、cal isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the st

7、rongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway. When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had

8、 recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865). 1. What does the passage mainly disc

9、uss? (A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe. (B) The evolution of cities in North America (C) Trade between North American and European cities (D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England. 2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to (A) No

10、rth American colonies (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies 3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following? (A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported (C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlement

11、s (D) The pace of their development 4. The word "accordingly" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D) for that reason 5. According to the passage,early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to (A)

12、an abundance of natural resources (B) financial support from colonial governments (C) proximity to parts of Europe (D) a favorable climate 6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe? (A) Manufacturing equi

13、pment (B) Capital goods (C) Consumer goods (D) Raw materials 7. According to the passage,all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the (A) location of the plantations (B) access of plantation owners to shipping (C) relationships between pla

14、ntation residents and city residents (D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations 8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern cities were (A) more prosperous (B) smaller (C) less economically self-sufficient (D) tied less closely to England than

15、 to France 9. The word "recorded" in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned 10. The word "drawing" in line 28 is closest in meaning to (A) attracting (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing 11. The passage mentions the perio

16、d following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of (A) significant obstacles to industrial growth (B) decreased dependence on foreign trade (C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms (D) increased migration from northern states to southern states 正确答案:BBDDC DCBCA C 托福阅读常见的

17、问题 托福阅读必需要读懂每字每句? 托福阅读考试中很多考生认为阅读文章时必需要读懂每字每句，事实上，这是不必要的。托福阅读考试中，即使遇到生疏的词，但是依据上下文的意思以及自己的一些常识推断，也不太会影响对文章的理解。特殊是托福阅读这种题目涉及面广，信息量大的形式，驾驭阅读和答题的技巧，对在托福阅读考试中是会有很大帮助的。 在托福阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS全部考试的阅读题目中，假如要用一个词来概括的话，那就是paraphrase，意译。无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来

18、达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。精确把握意译，是多数题目中精确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。在后面的文章里我会结合实例说明这一点。 托福阅读先看题目还是先看文章? 关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间支配的问题。在此问题上我与有的挚友也有过争吵。我个人习惯是先用57分钟的时间通读全文，然后平均每个问题有1分钟的时间来回答。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟识全文的基础上，每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文，每个选项都一一进行斟酌。我认为这样精确率比较高。但有的挚友本着居家过日子的心，认为1000多字的文章只出十几个题，必定有一些信息是没用的。这样通读全文

19、就会奢侈掉一些时间，不如先看题再回去找来的痛快。对此我不好妄加评论。每个人都应当通过考前大量的练习来制定出最为适合自己的方法。 托福阅读复习时间支配 关于复习的时间支配。我认为，弄完词汇以后，就应当着手突击一下阅读了。如今各种各样的模拟题如同英语辅导班一样大量涌现。不会出现我们早期考生有题舍不得做的状况了。但也不能太急功近利，单词没弄好就硬上阅读，有时候会适得其反。用1周的时间大量的突击，也是对单词的一个巩固。找到感觉以后就可以起先下面的复习了。复习听力口语作文的日子里，每天肯定要最少做3篇文章的题量，根据考试的时间要求，千万不行放松。做得多了，就可以把阅读当作一种放松了。ETS的阅读文章能教

20、给我们各种学科的基础学问。(这与GRE有区分。托福的专业性文章还都处于一个启蒙的专业水平上，不像G那么变)阅读还可以教给我们一些老美的思路，老美看待问题的方式。阅读不会像你想象的那样苦痛的。 无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details， Identifying Negative Facts， Locating Referents， Understanding Vocabulary in Context， Making Inferences， Determining Purposes， Recognizing Paraph

21、rases (Simplifying sentences)， Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting)， Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information. 我将按依次一一说明。 托福阅读难句中英文互译 1.Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect success in hunt

22、or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun as an actor might. 戴着面具身着盛装的人们，常常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。 2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular pl

23、ace very close to their time of giving birth. 但是这些事实不能说明这个令人感爱好的问题，就是为什么在一个特别的靠近他们诞生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。 3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel w

24、ire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance. 十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完备的质量，最终产生了一种能容纳多数音调-从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声

25、音或从一个澄澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果-的乐器。 4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. 虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的，但用一句完全感性的话来说电影从来就不是没有声音的。 5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested en

26、tirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. 多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全驾驭在导演和音乐督导手中，通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品尝而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐

27、素材库。 6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow. 更进一步，他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或光滑的精纺羊毛织物制作，包含光滑，紧凑的

28、纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层含有粗糙自然的和暗黄色的毛纺材料。 7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers. 在春季和夏季，要精确量度干旱、热量、冰雹、蝗虫和其他损失可能是一件疲惫的事情。 8.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary,

29、 everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. ,M8m F+Xn9H我们今日所谓的美国民间艺术，事实上是一般老百姓的艺术、被一般老百姓创建的艺术和为一般老百姓和日常提到的“民间人士”的艺术，是一个他们在社会日渐旺盛和休闲状况下创建的一个包含各种各样尤其是肖像画种类的艺术的市场。 9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands

30、 of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land a

31、nd sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods. 他们没有农业，但是经过几千年，已经发展了探究自身环境的技术和设备。他们是基于大量出现鲑鱼、大比目鱼和其他多种鱼类的自身流域和水岸捕鱼的经济;基于从落基山水岸聚集了鲍鱼、蚌类、蛤和其他贝壳动物的经济;基于捕猎地域和海洋哺乳动物的经济;以及基于收集野生植物的食物的经济。 老托福阅读真题附答案passage19本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第15页 共15页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页第 15 页 共 15 页