考研英语知识运用-解题技巧12855.pdf
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1、 学英语 找长喜 1 考研英语知识运用 LECTURE 3 解题技巧 本堂目标 结合词汇、语法和阅读理解三方面的知识关联掌握英语知识运用的解题技巧,学会根据空格前后的语法结构、搭配关系等线索排除干扰选项、缩小选择范围,掌握词汇辨析技巧。七、词汇辨析 课堂练习 Exercise 1 Including a few bites of meat in the diets of poor children from developing countries improves both their health and their performance in mental tests,accordin
2、g to reports presented at this years annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.In one study from rural Kenya,1 found that children who ate 2 ounces of meat every day,along with their lunch of corn and beans,3 better in problem-solving tests 4 children given supplement
3、s of milk or vegetable oils.This small 5 of meat gave children all their daily needs 6 vitamin B12,68 percent of all they needed of zinc,and 26 percent of their daily iron 7 ,the researchers note.Dr.Howarth Bouis of the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington D.C,told Reuters Heal
4、th that research 8 children who dont get enough iron,zinc and other 9 have a weakened immune system,10 growth and cognitive impairments.And when entire generations of children arent getting enough nutrients,11 can have implications nationwide,Bouis added.12 ,the World Bank estimates that micronutrie
5、nt deficiencies 13 South Asia 5 percent of its GDP each year,he said.“When you cant work 14 hard,you cant think as well.It 15 from economic development,”Bouis said.He added that children in 16 countries dont get enough nutrients 17 they cant afford them,so its up to the government to 18 .For instanc
6、e,the government could 19 programs that increase production of nutrient-rich foods,which 20 down the price,Bouis suggested.1.A investigators B reporters C scientists D students 2.Aordinary B common C plain D usual 3.A performed B behaved C worked D studied 4.A as B than C so D thus 5.A piece B sum C
7、 quantity D amount 6.A in B to C by D for 7.A experiments B requirements C supplements D installments 8.A says B tells C shows D proves 9.A nutrients B minerals C vitamins D vegetables 10.A alongside B along with C equal to D parallel to 11.A that B which C how D as 12.A Such as B For instance C As
8、a result D In the end 13.A spend B cost C consume D waste 14.A so B still C even D as 学英语 找长喜 2 15.A goes away B spends away C takes away D turns away 16.A developed B developing C underdeveloped D overdeveloped 17.A so B while C that D because 18.A interfere B intervene C interchange D intermix 19.
9、A complement B implement C design D introduce 20.A drives B reaches C breaks D turns Exercise 2 It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them.They have always complained,more or 1 justly,that their parents are
10、 out of touch 2 modern ways;that they are possessive and dominant;3 they do not trust their children to deal with crises;that they 4 too much about certain problems and that they have no 5 of humor,at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often 6 their teenage children
11、and also forget how they themselves felt 7 young.Young people often irritate their parents with their 8 in clothes and hairstyles,in entertainers and music.This is not their 9 .They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not 10 been accepted.So they create a culture and society of th
12、eir own.11,if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles 12 their parents,this gives them additional enjoyment.They feel they are 13 ,at least in a small way,and that they are leaders in style and 14 .Sometimes you are resistant,and proud because you do not
13、want your parents to 15 of what you do.If they did approve,it looks as if you are 16 your own age group.But in that case,you are 17 that you are the underdog:you cant win but at least you can keep your honor.This is a/an 18 way of looking at things.It is natural enough after long years of childhood,
14、19 you were completely under your parents control.But it 20 the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.So if you plan to control your life,cooperation can be part of that plan.1.A more B much C less D lesser 2.A with B in C from D for 3.A which B and C for D that 4.A say B ta
15、lk C tell D speak 5.A feeling B sense C touches D sensing 6.A fail B mistake C underestimate D understand 7.A if B being C like D when 8.A choices B hobbies C likes D dislikes 9.A reason B motive C incentive D ambition 10.A already B still C yet D ever 11.A However B Furthermore C Besides D Then 12.
16、A tease B irritate C please D hurt 13.A superior B good C beautiful D attractive 14.A appreciation B fondness C taste D tendency 15.A agree B praise C consent D approve 16.A fooling B betraying C deceiving D cheating 学英语 找长喜 3 17.A assuming B believing C guessing D imagining 18.A active B effective
17、C passive D efficient 19.A which B what C where D when 20.A ignores B proves C shows D provides 课堂讲评 Exercise 1【语篇分析】本文是一篇讨论含有丰富营养的食物对于孩子的成长乃至整个国家发展的重要性的议论文。文章的段落发展模式为GSG 类型(总分总模式)。第一段是总论,由一份报告的结论提出文章的论点。首段提出日常饮食中加入肉类对孩子的健康成长和智力发展至关重要。第二段给出了报告的一些具体内容。第二段引用一份报告说明每日膳食中包括肉类的必要性。第 三、四 段 引 用 Howarth Boui
18、s的话论证了孩子营养充足的重要性。第三段引用Howarth Bouis的话从反面说明营养对于孩子的成长乃至整个国家发展的重要性。第四段承接第三段,Bouis 指出发展中国家的政府有必要采取措施来保证国内儿童的营养充足。【难句分析】1.In one study from rural Kenya,investigators found that children who ate usual ounces of meat every day,along with their lunch of corn and beans,performed better in problem-solving tes
19、ts than children given supplements of milk or vegetable oils.【分析】复合句。句子主干是 investigators found that;that 引导宾语从句,宾语从句的主干是 childrenperformed betterthan children,其中包含 who 引导的定语从句。【译文】在一项针对肯尼亚乡村的研究中,调查者发现每日按常量吃肉并且午餐伴以玉米和豆类的孩子在解决问题的测试中比那些补充牛奶和植物油的孩子表现得更加出色。2.Dr.Howarth Bouis of the International Food Pol
20、icy Research Institute in Washington D.C,told Reuters Health that research shows children who dont get enough iron,zinc and other nutrients have a weakened immune system,along with growth and cognitive impairments.【分析】复合句。句子主干是 Dr.Howarth Bouistold Reuters Health that;that 引导宾语从句,宾语从句中又包含一个省略引导词的宾语从
21、句,这一宾语从句的主干是 childrenhave a weakened immune system;who 引导的定语从句修饰限制 children,along with 连接两个并列成分 a weakened immune system 和 growth and cognitive impairments。【译文】华盛顿的国际粮食政策研究所的豪沃思布伊博士告诉路透社健康版,研究标明没有吸收足够的铁、锌等营养物质的儿童其免疫系统受到削弱,并且有生长和认知障碍。1.选A。考查语义理解。通过对段落的倒读解题。第二段就报告的具体内容进行了一些解释。空格 1 是要填谁通过调查研究发现了这个结果。我们
22、通过读后面的文章可以看到第二段末尾明确说 the researchers note。分析四个选项:Breporters“通讯员”以及Dstudents“学生”显然不符合题意,可以首先排除;Cscientists“科学家”,研究人员并不一定都是科学家,因此Cscientists 也不够准确;Ainvestigators“调查员”与 researchers 意义最相近,因此最符合 学英语 找长喜 4 题意,是答案。2.选D。考查形容词辨析。空格 2 中填的词是来修饰吃肉的量。分析四个选项:Aordinary“平常的,普通的,平凡的”;Bcommon“平常的,普通的,平凡的”一般用于指通常的、常发生
23、的、广泛使用或众所周知的事;Cplain“普通的,平凡的”多指地位或身份普普通通或事物很简单,不复杂;Dusual“惯例的,通常的,平常的”,强调与平常的习俗和程序相一致。文中所指的吃肉的量应该是在通常情况下所吃的量,因此Dusual 最符合题意,是正确选项。3.选A。考查动词辨析。空格 3 所在的句子是描述一个事实,即每餐合理吃肉的孩子在解决问题的测试中表现更加出色。分析四个选项:Aperformed“做,执行,表现”,指根据需要而采取行动满足要求或完成所保证或希望的事情。解决问题的测试正是需要我们根据问题的需要来想办法采取措施解决这些问题。因此Aperformed 放在此处最为恰当,是正确
24、答案。Bbehaved“表现,行为”,表示以某一特殊方式行动或以一种适宜的方式行动,行为得体;Cworked“工作,劳动”以及Dstudied“学习”放在此处都不合适,因此都可以排除。4.选B。考查语法知识。由空格 4 所在句子中的 better 可以判定此句是一个比较级结构的句子,两个比较的对象分别是 children who ate usual ounces of meat 和 children given supplements of milk or vegetable oils,通过调查研究表明前者比后者解决问题的能力更强。由语法规则可知形容词或副词的比较级与 than 连用。bett
25、er 是 good 的比较级形式,better than 表示“比更好”,显然Bthan 是正确答案。其余几个Aas、Cso、Dthus 都不与比较级搭配,因此可以排除。5.选D。考查名词辨析。通过分析可知空格 5 所在的句子中的 this 指代的是上文中提到的usual ounces of meat,这是一定量的肉,而不是具体的一片或一块肉。由此首先排除A piece“块,片”。再来分析其他几个选项:Bsum“集合,总计”,常常指金额的总数或将数字相加后得到的总数;Cquantity“数量”多用于大量,可观的数或量,表特定的或不确定的数或量;因此这两个选项修饰“meat”显然都不合适。Dam
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