四级阅读最新摸底测试412786.pdf

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1、 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 四级阅读-摸底测试 TEST 4 摸底测试四 Passage 1 题材字数做题时间 运动健康 1399 词 15 分钟 Losing Weight as a Senior Overview Its time for some straight talk:You weigh more than you did ten years ago,or even five years ago.The extra pounds accumulated gradually before you even realized they were climbing on board.

2、Thats to be expected as you get older,right?Wrong.Putting on excess weight is very common for a number of reasons that well explain.But its not an inevitable part of the aging process,and it could put your h ealth at risk.If you understand why you tend to gain weight more easily as you get older,you

3、 can do something about it.You can blame a lot of your weight gain on your metabolism(新陈代谢).Beginning as early as your midtwenties,body fat begins to increase while muscle mass decreases.And less muscle mass translates into a slower metabolic rate.Muscle mass decreases from about 45 percent of your

4、total body weight in your youth to about 27 percent by the time you reach age 70.And the drop in hormones that accompanies menopause(更年期)also causes a decrease in muscle mass,triggering even more weight gain for women.Your body fat,meanwhile,can double,even if your weight remains the same.The bottom

5、 line is that you burn fewer calories in your 50s,60s,or 70s doing the same activities,and the same number of them,that you did in your 20s,30s,or 40s.The key to preventing weight gain is to compensate by adjusting your food intake,exercising,and generally becoming more physically active.Assessing Y

6、our Weight The best way to determine if youre carrying around too much weight(and probably not enough muscle)is to calculate your body mass index(BMI).Heres how to figure your BMI:Divide your weight(kilograms)by your height(meters).Divide the answer by your height again.The answer is your BMI.What Y

7、our BMI Means:18.5 or less is underweight.18.524.9 is a healthy weight.2529.9 is overweight.30 or more is obese.Knowing how many calories you need each day is another important piece of information that will help you manage your weight.Most experts say that 2,000 to 2,600 calories a day should meet

8、the energy needs of men older than 50 who are lightly to moderately active.For women over 50 who are lightly to moderately active,1,600 to 1,800 calories a day should do it.However,these are just ballpark figures.Individual calorie needs can differ greatly depending on muscle mass,physical activity,

9、and genetic differences.Youll need 20 percent to 30 percent more calories if youre very physically active.While its true that the more calories you cut,the quicker youll lose,dont make the mistake of cutting back too much.If you go too low(below 1,600 calories a day),you wont get 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 enou

10、gh nutrients,youll be fatigued,and your body will simply compensate by slowing its metabolic rate even further so that each calorie is used as efficiently as possible.A slower metabolic rate means that your food sacrifices wont amount to the weight loss you expected:Youll have sacrificed for little

11、reward.Preparing to Lose Weight Managing your weight doesnt just mean counting calories and figuring out your BMI.It also means taking control of your emotions and your food cravings.Most of us discover sooner or later that its usually emotions and cravings(sometimes triggered by emotions),not an in

12、satiable(不满足的)appetite,that make us overeat.If you uncover the triggers that make you overeat and learn how to manage them,youll have won half the weightloss battle.Though there is research suggesting that some cravings may have a biological origin,most are brought on by outofcontrol emotions or sit

13、uations.Here are a few common emotional triggers and tips for gaining control over them.(1)Anger.If anger(especially suppressed anger)sends you seeking comfort food,then youre managing your anger by overeating.While food may seem like your most dependable source of comfort,it ultimately leaves you m

14、ore out of sorts than before.Face the source of your anger head on.Once youve done that,its less likely to blow up and compel you to eat and overeat.(2)Stress.Stress,no matter what its source,is a common trigger for overeating.Ask yourself,do you reach for chocolate chip ice cream every time your no

15、sy neighbor calls?Do you pack away the potato chips every time you balance your checkbook?You cant eliminate these triggers from your life,but you can try to reduce the anxiety.First,make sure you get enough sleep.Youre more susceptible to stress when youre not rested.Try different relaxation techni

16、ques,such as deep breathing,yoga,reading,or listening to soft music whatever works for you.Try to find other,more positive outlets for your stress.(3)Boredom.Theres nothing on TV tonight,youve already finished reading that novel,and you certainly dont feel like washing dishes or sweeping the kitchen

17、 floor.The refrigerator sure looks good right about now!Before you find yourself rummaging(到处翻寻)through the freezer for ice cream,do whatever it takes to shift the focus away from food.Take a shower,paint your nails,throw out old newspapers,or take one last look through that magazine before you toss

18、 it.Make a list of your favorite diversions and keep them posted on the fridge.(4)Depression.Were talking here about the blue mood that takes hold of everyone now and then.The blues not only prevent us from doing the things we want to do;sometimes they make us do things wed rather not such as overea

19、t.Instead of letting that funk make you overeat,view it as a call to action.(5)Happiness.Yes,its true.Even happiness can make you fat.Who doesnt feel like celebrating when something good happens?And celebrations often involve food.That doesnt mean you should never celebrate because you might overeat

20、.Just learn to compensate.If you overeat at a celebratory dinner,simply cut back the next day.Getting More Physical Activity If youre determined to succeed at losing weight,simply cutting calories wont guarantee success.Physical activity is as essential to achieving longterm weight loss as a healthf

21、ul diet,according to the National Institutes of Health(NIH).更多资料 学英语 找长喜 3 Not only is physical activity essential for weightloss s uccess,the NIH says its an important factor in maintaining your weight once youve lost the extra pounds.Researchers have recently learned that regular physical activity

22、 can have a powerful effect on agerelated declines in metabolism.One study o ut of Tufts University Center for Physical Fitness found that strength training by itself increased the metabolic rate of senior women by 15 percent.If the boost translates to only 100 calories a day,which is a realistic ex

23、pectation,you could save yourself from putting on an extra 10 pounds in a year.Regular exercise offers a chain of good health:It burns calories,builds muscle,and improves your overall health.Experts on aging say that the body is better able to repair itself and perform efficiently if it is properly

24、conditioned by exercise and good nutrition.And the calorieburning rewards of exercise are not limited to your workout time.Some research suggests that your revved up metabolic rate stays elevated for several hours after you stop exercising.While weight management may be your number one priority now,

25、think fitness,not thinness.Just look at all the other health bonuses experts attribute to being physically active:Regular physical activity reduces your risk of developing:heart disease,some kinds of cancer,high blood pressure,diabetes and obesity.It also can reduce the symptoms of:arthritis,anxiety

26、,depression and insomnia.And it boosts and builds:the immune system,your energy level,your muscle mass,blood flow to the brain,which helps keep you mentally sharp.So how should you get started?It doesnt matter how you begin,just get moving!Any activity is better than vegetating in front of the telev

27、ision.Turn your everyday activities into opportunities for physical activity,such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator.Make movement a routine part of your everyday life.1.Whats the passage mainly about?A The epidemic of obesity among the old and ways to combat it.B The link between lifestyl

28、e and weight control.C Introduction of some diet books and their core theory.D New explanations for the epidemic of obesity among the old.2.The old tend to think that contributes to their obesity problem.A unhealthy life style B lack of physical exercise C life stress D the decay of metabolism 3.The

29、 factor that makes old women gain more weight than old men lies in .A the slower metabolic rate during menopause B the drop in muscle mass during menopause C the decrease of hormones during menopause D the less physical exercise during menopause 4.An old woman whose BMI is 24 is more likely to .A be

30、 obese B be healthy C be a little underweight D be a little overweight 5.How many calories taken daily are appropriate for a woman over 50 with moderate activity?A About 1,600 to 1,800.B About 2,000 to 2,600.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 C About 1,300 to 1,500.D About 2,300 to 2,600.6.According to the passage,its

31、usually that trigger(s)old people s weight gain.A insatiable appetite B lack of activities C outofcontrol emotions D metabolism 7.Lack of sleep will make you be more susceptible to .A stress B overweight C depression D boredom 8.If you overeat at a celebratory dinner,you can compensate by .9.Besides

32、 cutting calories,is also vital in a weightloss battle.10.We know from the passage that our boosted metabolic rate will after we stop exercise.Passage 2 题材字数做题时间 心理现象 261 词 8 分钟 Theres more misery in peoples lives today than a decade ago.So says a new study on lifes negatives from the University of

33、Chicagos National Opinion Research Center.The researchers surveyed 1，340 people about 11 life events and found that the 2004 respondents had more troubles than those who were 12 in 1991.“The anticipation would have been that problems would have been down，”says Tom Smith，the studys author.He says goo

34、d economic years during the 90s would have brought a(n)13of fewer problems，not more.Overall，the percentage who reported at least one significant negative life event increased from 88%to 92%.Most of the problems were related to increased incidents of illness and the inability to 14 medical care;mount

35、ing bills;unemployment;and troubled romantic relationships.On a more positive note，fewer of those surveyed reported having trouble with crime or the 15.Some of the problems outlined in the study were more 16 than just a single bad event.For instance，the inability to afford health care rose from 7%in

36、 1991 to 11%in 2004.Those who said they 17 health insurance increased from 12%to 18%.On the romantic front，the percentage who reported breaking up with a steady partner doubled from 4%to 8%.But people shouldnt 18 even if there is trouble around them.Bad experiences dont 19 make people unhappy，says J

37、onathan Haidt.He advises a threepoint checkup on the state of personal relationships，the work environment and control over daily life，because improving those areas will 20 happiness.A affordB forecastC despairD negativeE payF complicated G researched H necessarily I surveyedJ law K boostL possiblyM

38、lackedN simpleO expectation Passage 3 题材字数做题时间 经济现象 364 词 8 分钟 Coming to a high street near you:the Primark Effect.The cutprice clothes chain announced a jump in profits last week and said sales nearly matched those of market leader Marks&Spencer.In a telling remark，fashion expert Jane Procter said:

39、“Its either Prada or Primark.I dont see the point of shopping anywhere in between.”I believe she has captured a fastspreading mood.It is now cool to buy jeans for a 5，or dresses for 8.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 This is a classic sign of economic downturn.Only two years ago dinnerparty chatter was all about the

40、best buytolet deals，but saving money is the 2008 conversation topic.Which?magazine has found that four in ten of us fear we will be hit by the credit crunch（危机），and the shellshocked banks are routinely turning down creditcard applications.The latest report of Alliance Trust Research Centre highlight

41、s that consumers are starting to feel the pinch（紧缩）of financial reality，and are showing signs of holding back spending.Households are facing increased headwinds in terms of their finances as food and energy prices move higher，houseprice growth slows and equity（产权投资）markets decline.These combined fac

42、tors give us a gloomy view of consumer spending and confidence for the next 12 months.The good news is that it is becoming easier to ensure you do not spend unnecessarily，thanks to websites such as Uswitch，Gocompare，Mysupermarket and Moneysupermarket.People who trawled（查阅）bestbuy tables used to be d

43、erided（嘲讽）as rate tarts（利率馅饼），but now its okay to admit you are a fool.This adds up to a gloomy outlook for the economy，and therefore the stock market，but some companies will thrive，and you could do worse than pick up a few shares in Primarks parent，Associated British Foods（ABF）.Its a complex invest

44、ment as politicians like to play with the prices of basic foods.That means it may not be as easy for ABF to pass on higher commodity costs as it has been for BP or Shell though they will be passed on one way or another.ABF shares arent cheap，yielding only 2.2%，but the dividend（股息）is expected to keep

45、 rising and the tide is definitely in the companys favor.21.When Jane Procter said“I dont see the point of shopping anywhere in between”（Line 2，Para.2），she means.there are no customers in both Prada and Primark B no other places are worth shopping except Prada and Primark C the commodities in Prada

46、and Primark are outoffashion D the clothes in Prada and Primark are too expensive 22.Which of the following would be a typical topic in a party in 2008?Investing for children education.B Purchasing share of ABF.C Cutting family budgets.D Investing in house property.23.According to the passage，which

47、would most likely be the advice of the author to households?Keep investing money in real estate.B Sell all the houses and stocks out.C Buy some companies stock such as ABF.D Dont buy clothes in cutprice clothes chains.24.When the economic downturn comes,households will face financial difficulties in

48、cluding.low food prices B low energy prices C soaring equity markets D slow houseprice growth 25.Why does the author think the investment in ABFs stock is complex?更多资料 学英语 找长喜 6 Because the prices of ABFs goods would be interfered by politicians.B Because the prices of ABFs goods are lower than othe

49、r companies.C Because the prices of ABFs stock are expensive than some companies.D Because the incomes of ABFs stock are keeping at a low level.Passage 4 题材字数做题时间科普发明 354 词 9 分钟 Fingerprints，one of the great deciders of innocence or guilt in criminal charges，are now being placed in doubt.This is bec

50、ause of a growing number of claims from defendants that their“prints”have been“lifted”and planted at scenes of crimes.And these allegations are being taken seriously by lawyers，judges，and policemen because it is possible to move a fingerprint from one spot and place it elsewhere.A committee of lawye