2017年考研英语一真题23269.pdf

《2017年考研英语一真题23269.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017年考研英语一真题23269.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 2017 年考研英语一 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)from each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding yes!_1_ helping you feel close and _2_to people you care a

2、bout,it turns out that hugs can bring a _3_ of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you _4_ getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5_ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of per

3、ceived social support and the receipt of hugs _6_ the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being _7_ to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come _8_ with a cold,and the researchers _9_ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _10_ a

4、bout 32 percent of that beneficial effect._11_ among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe _12_.Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _13_ risk for colds thats usually_14_ with stress,Notes sheldon Cohen,a profes

5、sor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging is a marker of intimacy and helps _15_ the feeling that others are there to help _16_difficulty.Some experts _17_ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often calledthe bonding hormone _18_ it promotes attachment in rel

6、ationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it_19_ in the brain,where it _20_ mood,behavior and physiology.1.ABesides BUnlike CThroughout DDespite 2.Ae

7、qual Brestricted Cconnected Dinferior 3.Aview Bhost Clesson Dchoice 4.Aavoid Bforget Crecall Dkeep 5.Acollecting Baffecting Cguiding Dinvolving 6.Aon Bin Cat Dof 7.Adevoted Battracted Clost Dexposed 8.Aalong Bacross Cdown Dout 9.Aimagined Bdenied Cdoubted Dcalculated 10.Aserved Brestored Cexplained

8、Drequired 11.AThus BStill CRather DEven 12.Adefeats Bsymptoms Cerrors Dtests 13.Ahighlighted Bincreased Ccontrolled Dminimized 14.Apresented Bequipped Cassociated Dcompared 15.Aassess Bgenerate Cmoderate Drecord 16.Ain the name of B in the form of C in the face of D in the way of 17.Aattribute Bcomm

9、it Ctransfer Dreturn 18.Aunless Bbecause Cthough Duntil 19.Aremains Bemerges Cvanishes Ddecreases 20.Aexperiences Bcombines Cjustifies Dinfluences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your an

10、swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 First two hours,now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming

11、security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the

12、 process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airport security nearly ev

13、ery time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos O Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become

14、 but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people

15、are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for tr

16、avelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one

17、big reason is sticker shock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to fina

18、nce PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to A explain

19、 Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on

20、 carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Liner 4,Para.5)is closet in meaning to A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is A a dramatic reduction of

21、its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best for the text?A Less Screening for More Safety B PreCheck a Belated Solution C Getting Stuck in Security Lines D Underused PreChec

22、k Lanes Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Mete

23、r Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the wo

24、rlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and envir

25、onmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only

26、 way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with root

27、s going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the rea

28、lity that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making comp

29、romises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned t

30、o a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates A her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawa

31、iian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to A its geographical features.B its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.2

32、8.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress i

33、n todays astronomy A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of A severe criticism

34、.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3 Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to asses

35、s what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with re

36、cord low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sh

37、eds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil s

38、ociety engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in are

39、as such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can lea

40、rn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include import

41、ant factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymaker

42、s who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.D had a low opinion

43、 of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is tr

44、ue about the recent annual study?AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.

45、Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson BGDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health C Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP DBrexit,the UKs Gat

46、eway to Well-being Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Autom

47、obile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governors decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gai

48、n access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as app

49、roval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems wit

50、hout fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected re