托福TPO5套听力真题(文本)26090.pdf

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1、 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 托福 TPO5套听力真题（文本）小马过河为大家准备了“托福 TPO5套听力真题（文本）”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。TPO-5 TPO 05 Listening Part Conversation Narrator Listen to a conversation between a student and a counselor at the University Counseling Center.Student Hi,thanks for seeing mein such s

2、hort notice.Counselor No problem.How can Ihelp?Student Well,Ithink I might have made a mistake coming to the school.Counselor What makesyou say that?Student Im a little overwhelmed bythe size ofthis place.I comefrom a small town.Therewere only 75 of us in myhigh school graduating class.Everyone knew

3、 everyone.We all grew up together.Counselor So its a bit of a culture shock for you?Being one of15,000 studentson a big 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 campus in an unfamiliar city?Student Thats an understatement.Ijust cant getcomfortable in class or in the dorms.You know,socially.Counselor Umwell,lets startw

4、ith theacademics.Tellme about you classes.Student Im taking mostly introductorycourses and some are taught in these huge lecturehalls.Counselor And you are having trouble in keeping pace with the material?Student No,in fact I got an A on my first economics paper.Its just that,its so impersonal,Im no

5、t used to it.Counselor Are your classes impersonal?Student No,its just thatfor example,in sociology yesterday,the professor asked a question,so I raised my hand,several of us raised our hands.And Ikept my hand up because Idid the reading and knew theanswer.But the professor just answered his own que

6、stion and continued with the lecture.全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Counselor Well,in a big room its possible he didntnotice you.Maybe he was starting to save time.In eithercase Iwouldnt takeit personally.Student I suppose.ButI just dont know how to,you know,distinguish myself.Counselor Why not stop by his o

7、ffice during office hours?Student That wouldntseem right.You know,taking time from other studentswho need help?Counselor Dont say that.Thats what office hours are for.Thereis no reason you couldnt pop in to say hi and tomake yourself known.Ifyou are learning a lot in class,let theprofessor know.Woul

8、dnt you appreciate positive feedbackif you were a professor?Student You are right.Thats a good idea.Counselor OK,erlets turn toyour social life.Hows it going in thedorms?Student I dont have much in common with myroommate or anyone else Ive met so far.全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Everyones into sports and I

9、m more artsy,you know,into music.I play thecello.Counselor Hah,have you been playing long?Student Since age ten.Its a big part ofmy life.Athome I was the youngest memberof our community orchestra.Counselor You are not going tobelieve this.Thereis a string quarteton campus,all students.And it so happ

10、ened that the cellist graduated last year.Theyve been searching high and low for a replacement,someone with experience.Would you be interested in auditioning?Student Absolutely.I wanted toget myacademic worksettled beforepursuing my music here.But Ithink this would be a good thing for me.Iguess if I

11、 reallywant to fit in hereI should find people who love music as much as I do.Thank you.Counselor Mypleasure.Lecture Narrator Listen to part ofa lecturein a sociology class.Professor:全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Have you everheard theone about alligatorsliving in New York sewers?The storygoes like this:a f

12、amily went on vacation in Florida and bought a couple of baby alligatorsas presentsfor theirchildren,then returned from vacation to New York,bringing the alligators home with themas pets.But thealligators would escape and find their wayinto the New Yorksewer system where they startedreproducing,grew

13、 to huge sizesand now strike fear into sewer workers.Have you heard this story?Well,it isnttrue and it never happened.But despite that,thestory has been around since the 1930s.Or how about the song twinkle,twinkle little star,you know,twinkle,twinkle,little star,ho w I wonder what you are.Wellweve a

14、ll heard this song.Where am I going with this?Well,both the song and the storyare examplesof memes.And thats what we would talkabout,thetheoryof memes.A meme is defined as a pieceof information copied from person toperson.By this definition,most ofwhat you know,ideas,skills,stories,songs are memes.A

15、ll thewords you know,allthe scientific theoriesyouve learned,therules your parentstaught you to observe,all arememes that have been passed on from person to person.So what?You maysay.Passing on ideas from one person to another is nothing new.Well,thewhole point of defining this familiar process as t

16、ransmission of memesis so that wecan exploreits analogy with the transmission of genes.Asyou know,all living organisms pass on biological 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 information through the genes.Whats a gene?A gene is a piece ofbiological information that getscopied or replicated,and thecopy or replica i

17、s passed on to the new generation.So genesare defined as replicators.Genesare replicatorsthat pass on information about propertiesand characteristicsoforganisms.Byanalogy,memesalso get replicated and in the process pass on cultureinformation from person to person,generation to generation.So memes ar

18、ealso replicators.To be a successful replicator,there are threekeycharacteristics:longevity,fecundity and fidelity.Lets take a closer look.First,longevity.A replicator must exist long enough to be able to get copied,and transfer itsinformation.Clearly,thelonger a replicator survives,the better itsch

19、ances of getting its message copied and passed on.So longevity is a key characteristicof a replicator.Ifyou take thealligator story,it can exist for a long time in individual memory,lets say,mymemory.I can tellyou thestory now or ten yearsfrom now,the same with the twinkle,twinkle song.So these meme

20、s have longevity because theyarememorable for one reason or another.Next,fecundity.Fecundity is theability toreproduce in large numbers.For example,the common housefly reproducesby laying several thousand eggs,so each fly gene getscopied thousands of times.Memes,well,theycan be reproduced in large n

21、umbersas well.How many timeshave you sung the twinkle,twinkle song to someone?Each timeyou replicated that song,and 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 maybe passed it along to someone who did not know it yet,a small child maybe.And finally,fidelity.Fidelity means accuracyofthe copying process.We know fidelity is

22、 an essential principle ofgenetic transmission.Ifa copy ofa geneis a bit different from theoriginal,thats called a genetic mutation.And mutations are usually bad news.An organism often can not survive with a mutated gene.And so a gene usually can not be passed on,unless its an exactcopy.For memeshow

23、ever,fidelity is not always so important.For example,if you tell someone thealligator story Itold you today,it probably wont be word for word exactly as I said it.Still,it will be basically the same story,and the person who hearsthe storywill be able to pass it along.Other memesare replicated with h

24、igher fidelity though,like the twinkle,twinkle song.Ithad the exact same words 20 years ago as it does now.Well,thats because we see songs as something that has to be performed accuratelyeach time.Ifyou change a word,the otherswill usuallybring you in line.Theyll say,thats not how you sing it,right?

25、So,you can see how looking at piecesof culturalinformation as replicators,as memes,and analyzing them in termsoflongevity,fecundity and fidelity,we can gain some inside about how theyspread,persist or change Lecture Narrator 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Listen to part ofa lecturein an Astronomy Class Profe

26、ssor:Last week,wecovered some argumentsagainst going back to the Moon.But thereare compelling reasons in favor of another Moon landing too,um not the least of which is trying topinpoint themoons age.We could do this in theoryby studying an enormousimpact crater,known as the South Pole-Aitken Basin.U

27、mits located in themoons South Polar Region.But,since its on thefar side of the moon,it can only be seen from space.Hereis an image ofwell callit theSPA Basin.Thiscolor-coated image of theSPA Basin,those arent itsactual colors obviously,thisimage is from the mid 90s,from the American spacecraft call

28、ed Clementine.Umunlike earlier lunar missions,Clementine didnt orbit only around the moons equator.Itsorbits enable it to send back data to create thistopographical map of well,the grey and white area towardsthe bottom is the South Pole,thepurples and blues in the middle correspond to low elevations

29、-theSPA Basin itself,theoranges and redsaround it are higher elevations.The basin measures an amazing 2,500 km in diameter,and itsaverage depth is 12 km.That makesit the biggest known crater in our solar system and it maywell be theoldest.You know planetary researcherslove studying deep craters unti

30、llearn about the impacts thatcreated them,how theyredistributed piec esof a planets crust and in this case,we especially want to know if any ofthe mantle,thelayer 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 beneath the crust,was exposed by the impact.Not everyone agrees,but some expertsare convinced thatwhatever created

31、the SPA Basin did penetrate the Moons mantle.And we need to find out,because much more than thecrust,the mantle containsinformation about a planets or Moons totalcomposition.And thats keyto understanding planet formation.Um Dian?Dian:So,the only wayto know the basins age is tostudy its rocksdirectly

32、?Professor:well,from radio survey data,we know that the basin contains lots of smaller craters.So it must be really old,about 4 billion years,give or takea few hundred million years.But thats not very precise.Ifwe had rocksamples to study,wed know whetherthe small craters wereformed by impacts durin

33、g the final stagesof planetaryformation,or if theyresulted from later meteor showers.Dian:But if we know around how old the Basin is,Im not sure thats reas on enough to go to the Moon again.Professor:No,but such crude estimatesumwecan do better than that.Besides,thereare other things worth investiga

34、ting,like is there waterice on the moon?Clementines data indicated that thewall of the south-polar crater was more reflective than expected.So some experts thinktheres probably ice there.Also,data from a later mission indicatessignificant concentrations of hydrogen and by inferencewater less than a

35、meterunderground at both poles.Student:Well if theres water,how did it get there?Underground rivers?全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Professor:Wethink meteors that crashed into the moon or tails ofpassing cometsmay have introduced water molecules.Anywater moleculesthat found their wayto the floors of cratersne

36、ar the moons poles,that water would be perpetuallyfrozen,because thefloors ofthose cratersare always in shadow.Umfurthermore,if the water icewas mixed in with rockand dust,it would be protected from evaporation.Dian:So are you saying theremight be primitive life on the moon?Professor:thats not mypoi

37、nt at all.Um o.k.,say thereis waterice on the moon.That would be a verypracticalvalue for a future moon base for astronauts.Water ice could be melted and purified for drinking.Itcould also be broken down into itscomponent parts-oxygen and hydrogen.Oxygen could be used to breathe,and hydrogen could b

38、e turned into fuel,rocketfuel.So waterice could enable the creation ofa self-sustaining moon base someday,a mining camp perhapsor a departure point for further space exploration.Student:Butholding tonsof equipment to the moon to make fueland build a life support system for a moon base,wouldnt that b

39、e too expensive?Professor:Permanentbase,maybe a ways off,but weshouldnth ave to wait for that.The dust at the bottom ofthe SPA Basin reallydoes have a fascinating storyto tell.I wouldnt give for a fewsamples of it.Conversation Narrator 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Listen to a conversation between a student

40、 and a professor.Student Hi,Iwas wondering if Icould talkwith you about the assignment in the film theoryclass.Professor Of course,Jill.Student Itseems that prettymuch everyone else in the class getswhat theyare supposed to be doing but Im not so sure.Professor Well,theclass is for studentswho are r

41、eallyserious about film.You must havetaken film coursesbefore.Student Yeah,in high school,film appreciation.Professor UmIwouldnt think thatwould be enough.Did you concentrate mainly on form or content?Student Oh,definitely content.Wed watch,say Lord of the Flies,and then discuss it.Professor Oh,that

42、 approach,treating film as literature,ignoring what makes it unique.Student 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 I liked it,though.Professor Sure,but that kind of class.Well,Im not surprised that you are feeling a little lost.You know,we have two introductory coursesthat are supposed to be taken beforeyou get to m

43、ycourse,one in film art,techniques,technical stuff and another in film history.So studentsin theclass you are in should be pretty far along in film studies.In fact,usually thesystem blocks anyone trying to sign up for the class theyshouldnt be taking.And who hasnt takenthe courses you are required t

44、odo first as prerequisites.Student Well,Idid have a problem with that but I discussed it with one of your office staff,and she gave me permission.Professor Of course.No matter how many timesI tellthem,theyjust keep onWell,for your own good,I really suggest dropping back and starting at theusual plac

45、e.Student Yes.ButIve already been in thisclass for 4 weeks.Id hate to just drop it now especially since Ifind it so different,so interesting.Professor I guess so.Frankly Icant believe youve lasted this long.These are pretty in-depth theoriesweve been discussing and youve beendoing OKso far,I 全国免费咨询电

46、话：400-0123-267 guess.Butstill,theprograms been designed to progress through certainstages.Like anyother professional training we build on pervious knowledge.Student Then maybe you could recommend some extra reading I can do tocatch up?Professor Well,areyou intending to study film as your main concen

47、tration?Student No,no.Iam just interested.Im actually in marketing,but thereseemsto be a connection.Professor Ohwell,inin that case,if youre taking thecourse just out of interest,I mean I still highly recommend signing up for theintroductory coursesat some point,but in the meantime,thereis no harm I

48、 guess in trying to keepup with this class.Theinterest is clearly there.Eh,instead ofany extra reading just now though,you could view some of theold introductorylectures.Wehave them on video.That would give you a better handle on the subject.Its still a prettytall order,and wewill be moving right al

49、ong,so you will reallyneed to stayon top of it.Student OK,Ive been warned.Now,could Itellyou about the idea for the assignment?Lecture 全国免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 Narrator Listen to part ofa lecturein a chemistryclass.Professor Okay.Iknow you all have a lot ofquestions about this lab assignment thats comi

50、ng out so.Imgonna takea little time this morning to discuss it.So,you know theassignment has to do with Spectroscopy,right?And your reading should help you get a good idea of what thatsall about.But,lets talk about Spectroscopya littlenow just tocover the basics.What is Spectroscopy?Well,the simples