六级阅读三种答案提取方式(6)12856.pdf

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1、 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 1 六级阅读短句问答 Lecture 6 三种答案提取方式 学会根据短句问答题干的不同提问形式到原文中提取出答案。短句问答的出题形式是句子填空题和问答题两种。句子填空题中，所填答案在题干中的位置和语法功能非常明确，所以答案的形式也非常明确；而在问答题中，问题形式不同，答案的形式也不同，这就要求考生需根据题干不同形式的提问来作出相应的答案。问答题答案的首字母要大写，后面要有英文句点。短句问答题的答案可能是一个词、一组词或一个短句。它们可能与原文中的词句相同，或者需要对原文词句进行组合、加工，或者需要分析推理后得出原文中根本没有的词句。短句问答题的答案应该尽量简洁，控制

2、在 10 个词以内。下面对获取答案的 3 种方式进行简单介绍。一、直接提取答案 这种情况最简单。定位题目出处后，直接将原文相应词句摘出即是答案。或者需要在理解上下文后，在与题干出处不同的词句中找到相应的词句。【真题示例 1】(10-12)【原文】First,suppressed emotions can contribute to stress related disorders.【题目】49.According to the author,men who suppress their emotions may develop.【解析】stress related disorders。根据题干

3、中的 suppress their emotions 可迅速定位答案出处。文中提到压制的情感会导致 stress related disorders（与压力有关的失调），也就是说，压制情感会形成与压力有关的失调，空格前的 develop 对应文中的 contribute to，由此可直接提取答案 stress related disorders。【真题示例 2】(09-06)【原文】What is surprising is the method psychologists at the University of Texas have come up with to keep girls f

4、rom developing eating disorders.Their main weapon against superskinny(role)models:a brand of civil disobedience dubbed“body activism”.【题目】48.By promoting“body activism,”University of Texaspsychologists aim to prevent girls from.【解析】developing eating disorders。关键词在原文中只进行简单的组合和简单的同义转述，题干中的 to prevent

5、girls from 对应首段第二句话中的 to keep girls from，由此可知 from 后的developing eating disorders 为本题答案。49.【真题示例 3】(07-06)【原文】They were both Ph.D.candidates when they devised the search engine which was better than the rest and,without any marketing,spread by word of mouth from early adopters to,eventually,your gran

6、dmother.【题目】49.How did Google s search eng ine spread over the world?【解析】By word of mouth.。根据信息词 spread 在原文定位，由原文可知，Google 没有任何市场推广，它是从早期使用者的口碑相传(spread by word of mouth from early adopters)开始，一直流传开来的，此题以 how 提问，那么回答时的用词应选择表方式的介词，所以答案应该填 By word of mouth.。二、转换得出答案 此类题需要考生综合整理原文信息、转换句子结构或转换词性的能力。综合整理

7、原文信息指 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 2 的是答案需要的词句没有集中在原文中的一个地方，而是分散在句中、段落或文章中的不同地方。前面的一堂课中专门讲述了题干与原文之间的转换与对应关系，虽然讲述的目的是为了理解原文，定位题目出处，但这种讲述也同样适用于答案本身可能要求进行的转换。【真题示例 1】(09 06)【原文】There is nothing new about TV and fashion magazines giving girls unhealthy ideas about how thin they need to be in order to be considered beau

8、tiful.【题目】47.Where do girls get the notion that they need to be thin in order to be considered beautiful?【解析】From TV and fashion magazines.。由于问题是整句且疑问词为 Where，所以答案也应为整句，句首需加介词 from，故答案为 From TV and fashion magazines.。【真题示例 2】(07-12)【原文】The challenge is particularly evident in the work place.There,me

9、n are still expected to be breadwinners climbing the corporate ladder【题目】48.Besides supporting the family,men were also expected to.【解析】climb the corporate ladder。题干中的 supporting the family 是原文 breadwinners 的同义转述，expected to 是原文信息的重现，因空前有动词不定式 to，所以将此句中的 climbing改为原形动词。三、概括得出答案 这一点包含两种情况，一种是答案中的关键词在

10、原文中没有出现过。一种是答案中所需要的信息分布在原文的不同位置，需要考生把它们归纳在一起。三种答案形式中，这种答案对应的题目是最难的。它需要考生根据题干要求，对原文信息进行综合推理。【真题示例 1】(08-06)【原文】If movie trailers(预告片)are supposed to cause a re action,the preview for“United 93”more than succeeds.When the trailer played before“Inside Man”last week at a Hollywood theater,audience membe

11、rs began calling out,“Too soon!”In New York City,the response was even more dramatic.【题目】47.The trailer for“United 93”succeeded in when it played in the theaters in Hollywood and New York City.【解析】causing a reaction。此题需综合两处的信息才能推导出答案。【真题示例 2】(06-12)【原文】Though we ve never had a catastrophic loss such

12、 as that，Gibbs and I did have a close call the shortly before we decided to simplify We saw that there was so much we could get rid of and not only never miss,but be better off without.【题目】49.What do we know about the author s house from sentence.“Gibbs and I did have a close call”(Para.4)?【解析】It ne

13、eded to be simplified.。have a close call 是一个习语，表示“差一点没发生倒霉的事，或是差一点完不成该做的事”。句子中存在着与前段内容的对照关系。前面说人的生活环境过于复杂，结果一把火烧起来，生活简单多了。这里作者说自己的家也差一点着火，意思其实是说自己的环境也比较复杂，需要简单化。第五段就明确地描述了这种情形。25 分钟练习 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 3 Passage 1 题材词数做题时间科技评论 381 词 8 分钟 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out,and if it is

14、 really good science it is impossible to predict.If the things to be found are actually new,they are by definition unknown in advance.You cannot make choices in this matter.You either have science or you don t,and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of infor

15、mation,along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature.I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology.It is,in its way,an illuminating piece of news.I

16、t would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century sci

17、ence to the human intellect.In earlier times,we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem,or simply made up stories to fill the gaps.Now that we have begun exploring in earnest,we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are,and how far from being answered.Because

18、 of this,we are depressed.It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant;the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance,the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots,but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But

19、we are making a beginning,and there ought to be some satisfaction.Are there any questions we can think up that can t be answered?Sooner or later,they will be done,including even the matter of consciousness.To be sure,there may well be questions we can t think up,ever,and therefore limits to the reac

20、h of human intellect,but that is another matter.Within our limits,we should be able to work our way through to all our answers,if we keep at it long enough,and pay attention.1.Science yields information that is not only neat and pro mptly useful but also.2.What kind of scientific truth does the auth

21、or feel absolutely sure about?3.We can infer that the brightest minds of the 18th century thought they know about science.4.What does the word“tunnel”(Last sentence,Para.2)mean?5.The author believes that human beings can find answers to any questions.【做题提示】1.注意题干与原文句式的转换。2.注意作者的观点信息定位及词汇转换。5.注意作者观点的

22、信息定位及在用词上人称的变化。Passage 2 题材词数做题时间媒体现象 401 词 8 分钟 Remember the paper encyclopedia?Half the people who want an Encyclopedia Britannica today buy it on a single compact disc.They save trees,effort,time,money and avoid errors in cheaper products.An example:No Australian soldiers landed on Gallipoli in 1

23、915.So says the world s best selling encyclopedia,Microsoft Bookshelf.Microsoft is the most influential computer software company on the globe.However,in edition after edition,its electronic encyclopedia has been reporting that the British and Australians were the invading force.Requests for correct

24、ion are ignored.No such phantom(不存在的)Australian army appears when you call on the new electronic Encyclopedia Britannica on CD ROM.Type in the word“Gallipoli”and in seconds you are offered 55 separate and well searched items,including some about the event of 1915.You then choose the material you wan

25、t.更多资料 学英语 找长喜 4 No matter how much the technology changes,the primary measure of an information source is its publisher s care and attention to accuracy.As Mic rosoft s sustained Gallipoli misreporting displays,even the appearance of a respected business name on an electronic resource does not guar

26、antee that information will be correct.EB on CD ROM comes with direct access to the editor s name and address,and a request to point out things that need fixing.Encyclopedia Britannica is now available in two electronic forms.These are a single CD ROM which sells for less than 1,200,and EB Online,ef

27、fectively a password that can be purchased for the equivalent of 150.Password holders enjoy unrestricted access to EB data via the Internet for one year.Each format offers information available in the printed volumes,updated and re organized entirely in preservation.The complete encyclopedia has mor

28、e than 130,000 links to Web sites.Coverage includes more than 72,000 articles;over 10,000 illustrations,including photographs,drawings,maps,and flags;and more than 75,000 definitions.The quality of EB material,both in scope and detail,is legendary.For the new electronic formats,editors have complete

29、ly reworked material from the printed edition for compatibility with Netscape Navigator Internet Web browser,already familiar to many computer users.Subscribers need only click the icon for EB on their personal computers(Windows or Macintosh),and within it,space for the question to be answered.The s

30、oftware processes the question,scanning hundreds of thousands of files in seconds,and then presents possible answers.After browsing through these offerings,the information can be copied electronically and“passed”into user s own document.1.According to the new electronic Encyclopedia Britannica,Austr

31、alian army.2.The most important standard for valuing information sources is their pullishers care about.3.What has facilitated readers of EB on CD ROM to easily 【做题提示】1.找准关键词对信息进行分析。2.识别题干与原文的对应。deliver what needs fixing on EB?4.If you purchase EB Online,you will be given for an access to the EB dat

32、a through the Internet for one year.5.For the new electronic formats,the material from is reworked to fit the customer favored Web browser.4.分析对 EB Online 的特征描述。5.注意题干句式与原文的转换。Passage 3 题材词数做题时间教育观点 415 词 8 分钟 Americans today don t place a very high value on intellect.Our heroes are athletes,enterta

33、iners,and entrepreneurs,not scholars.Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive(普遍的)anti intellectualism in our schools aren t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where prac

34、tical is more important than intellectual,”says education writer Diane Ravitch,“Schools could be a counterbalance.”Ravitch s latest book,Left Back:A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti intellectualism in our school,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the Americ

35、an distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.Without the ability to think critically,to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,they cannot fully 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 5 part

36、icipate in our democracy.Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris,“We will become a second rate country.We will h ave a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege.”writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti Intellectualism in American Life,a

37、Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti intellectualism in US politics,religion,and education.From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism(精英主义).Practicality,common sense,and native intelligence

38、have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:“We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 year

39、s and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti intellectualism.Its hero avoids being civilized going to school and learning to read so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect,according to Hofstadter,is different

40、from native intelligence,a quality we reluctantly admire.Intellect is the critical,creative,and contemplative side of the mind.Intelligence seeks to grasp,manipulate,reorder,and adjust,while intellect examines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect i

41、s mistrusted.Hofstadter says our country s educational system is in the grips of people who“joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise”.1.American parents expect their children to acquire practic

42、al ability rather than ability in school.2.Not only American schools but also should be blamed for present anti intellectualism,according to Ravitch.3.Ravitch hoped that schools should and could act as a counteracting force that would support.4.According to Hofstadter,what is the root of American an

43、ti intellectualism?5.According to Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn,being civilized refers to.【做题提示】1.注意 rather than 的提示。3.人物观点处迅速定位及句式的转换。4.人物观点处准确定位。30 分钟讲评 Passage 1【语篇分析】文章阐述了作者关于科学的观点。第一段作者提出真正的好的科学所产生的结果是无法预料的，有好有坏我们都要接受；第二段作者论述的是我们已经认识到现在对自然其实还很无知；第三段作者对人类的科学研究能力表现出乐观的态度。【难句突破】It would have amaze

44、d the brightest minds(of the 18th century Enlightenment)to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.【分析】复合句。it 是形式主语，不定式 to be told.是真正的主语，此句中的 would have amazed 是虚拟语气。两个 how 引导的名词性从句充当动词 tell 的宾语。It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant;the

45、hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance,the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots,but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels(that can yet be trusted).【分析】并列复合句。分号前后是两个并列分句，第一个分句中 it 是形式主语，being ignorant 更多资料 学英语 找长喜 6 是句子的真正主语，其中有一个 if 引导的条件状语

46、从句；第二个分句的表语包含几个并列的名词短语，that 引导定语从句修饰 tunnels。1.【解析】surprising and disturbing。第一段最后一句提到了科学发现的两种信息，原文用along with 表示这种并列关系，题干中换成了 not only.but also。原文中 and 之后用 you 作主句主语，而题干中的主语是 Science。2.【解析】We are profoundly ignorant about nature.。第二段第一句说：我完全确信的惟一可靠的科学事实就是我们对于自然还是非常无知的。题干中的 feel absolutely sure 对应原文

47、中的 feel totally confident。3.【解析】a lot/much。第二段提到了 18 世纪启蒙运动时期的科学家的话题：如果我们告诉他们我们知道得其实还很少，他们会对此感到很惊奇。可以推出，他们自以为对科学了解很多。4.【解析】Scientific solution/method.。本文的主题是科学。第二段第一句已经就表明了我们对大自然是很无知的。最后一句中的“没有光明”，意思应该是没有真正科学的结论，所以通往“光明”的 tunnel 的意思应该是“科学方法”。5.【解析】they can think up。最后一段提到了人类智慧的可喜一面。第二句是个疑问句，接下来的一句是对

48、它的回答，这两句暗含的意思就是：凡是能想得到的问题，最终都会得到解答(no questions we can think up that can t be answered)。根据题干中的第三人称要求，将原文中的 we 改为 they 即可得到答案。【全文翻译】很难预知科学最后会产生什么结果，而且如果是真正的好科学，那就根本是无法预料的。如果想要发现的东西确实是新的，那么根据其定义它们事先就是未知的。在这一问题上你无法选择。1你要么拥有科学要么没有，而且一旦你拥有了，那么就必须在接受那些有序的、能很快用上的信息的同时也不得不接受那些令人惊讶的或烦恼的信息。24我完全确信的惟一可靠的科学事实就是

49、我们对大自然还是非常无知的。我认为这是生物学在过去几百年内的主要发现。这本身就是一条很富于启发性的消息。3如果我们当中有谁告诉 18 世纪启蒙运动时期的最有才智的那些人，说我们所知道的是如何之少而未来看起来又是如何地令人困惑，他们肯定会对此感到很惊奇。而正是这种对无知的深度和广度的直接面对，代表了 20 世纪科学对人类智慧做出的最重要贡献。早期的时候，我们要么假装理解了事情是如何运行的，要么忽略那样的问题，或者简单地编造些故事来填补那些空白。由于我们已经开始了认真的探索，所以我们意识到问题是如此之多，而且远不是我们所能够解答的。我们因此而感到很沮丧。4如果你完全无知，倒也无妨，难受的是你相当详

50、细地了解了无知这一现实、糟糕的方面或者还说得过去的方面，却在通往科学的隧道的尽头看不到任何真正的光明，甚至根本就没有什么可以信任的隧道。但是我们已经起步了，而且应该感到有点满意。5 有什么问题是我们能想到却不能解答的吗？所有问题终有一天会解决的，甚至包括意识这样的问题。当然还有一些我们从来都想不到的问题，也因此人类的智力所及是有限制的，但那又是另一个问题了。但在这个限制以内，如果我们够用心，并花上足够的时间，我们应该能够找到所有的答案。Passage 2【语篇分析】本文主要介绍了电子版大英百科全书。第一段主要介绍电子版大英百科全书与纸版相比的优点；第二到四段说明分别优点所在：准确性、其两种形式