全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷22822.pdf

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1、华慧考博研究中心1/172014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。2.试卷一(PaperOne)答案和试卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。3.试卷一答题时必须使用 2B 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。

2、国家医学考试中心华慧考博研究中心2/17PAPERONEPart1：Listeningcomprehension（30%）SectionADirections:In thissectionyouwillhearfifteenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers,At theendof eachconversation,youwillhearaquestionaboutwhatissaid,Thequestionwillbe readonlyonce,Afteryouhearthequestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarke

3、dA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswersandmarktheletterof yourchoiceon theANSWERSHEET.ListentothefollowingexampleYouwillhearWoman:I feelfaint.Man:No wonder.Youhaventhada biteallday.Question:Whatsthematterwiththewoman?Youwillread:A.Sheissick.B.Shewasbittenby an ant.C.Sheishungry.D.Shespilledherpaint.HereCis

4、therightanswer.SampleAnswerABCDNowletsbeginwithquestionNumber1.1.A.About12 pintsB.About3 pintsC.About4 pintsD.About7 pints2.A.Takea holidayfromwork.B.Worrylessaboutwork.C.Takesomesleepingpills.D.Workhardertoforgetallhertroubles.3.A.He hasno complaintsaboutthedoctor.B.He wontcomplainanything.C.He isi

5、ngoodcondition.D.He couldntbeworse.4.A.Sheiskidding.B.Shewillgeta raise.C.Themanwillgeta raise.D.Themanwillgeta promotion.5.A.Herdaughterlikesballgames.B.Herdaughterisanexcitingchild.C.Sheandherdaughteraregoodfriends.D.Sheandherdaughterdontalwaysunderstandeachother.华慧考博研究中心3/176.A.Shehurtheruncle.B.

6、Shehurtherankle.C.Shehasa swollentoe.D.Sheneedsa minorsurgery.7.A.Johnlikesgambling.B.Johnisveryfondofhisnewboss.C.Johnhasupsanddownsinthenewcompany.D.Johnhasa promisingfutureinthenewcompany.8.A.Shewillgetsomeadvicefromthefrontdesk.B.Shewillundergosomelabtests.C.Shewillarrangean appointment.D.Shewil

7、lgetthetestresults.9.A.Shesan oddcharacter.B.Sheisverypicky.C.Sheiseasy-going.D.Shelikesfashions.10.A.At a streetcorner.B.Ina localshop.C.Ina ward.D.Ina clinic.11.A.Seafood.B.Dairyproducts.C.Vegetablesandfruits.D.Heavyfoods.12.A.He ishavinga goodtime.B.He verymuchlikeshisoldbicycle.C.He willbuya new

8、bicyclerightaway.D.He wouldratherbuya newbicyclelater.13.A.Itisonlya cough.B.Itsa minorillness.C.Itstartedtwoweeksago.D.Itsextremelyserious.14.A.Thewomanistoooptimisticaboutthestockmarket.B.Thewomanwillevenlosemoremoneyatthestockmarket.C.Thestockmarketbubblewillcontinuetogrow.D.Thestockmarketbubblew

9、illsoonmeetitsdemise.15.A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenoncea daybeforesleep.B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenoncea daybeforesupper.C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenoncea daybeforebreakfast.D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesa dayaftermeals.华慧考博研究中心4/17SectionBDirection:Inthissectionyouwillhearoneconvers

10、ationandtwopassages,aftereachofwhich,youwillhearfivequestions.Aftereachquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD,Choosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceon theANSWERSHEET.Dialogue16.A.Becausehehaddifficultyswallowingit.B.Becauseitwasupsettinghisstomach.C.Becausehe wasallergictoit.D.B

11、ecauseitwastooexpensive.17.A.He cantplaysocceranymore.B.He hasa seriousfootproblem.C.He needsanoperation.D.He hascancer.18.A.Abloodtransfusion.B.An allergytest.C.Aurinetest.D.Abiopsy.19.A.To seeifhehascancer.B.To seeifhehasdepression.C.To seeifherequiressurgery.D.To seeifhe hasa foodallergyproblem.2

12、0.A.Relieved.B.Anxious.C.Angry.D.Depressed.PassageOne21.A.ThecauseofCOPD.B.Harmfuleffectsofsmoking.C.Menmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.D.Womenmoresusceptibletoharmfuleffectsofsmoking.22.A.954.B.955.C.1909.D.1955.23.A.On May18 inSanDiego.B.On May25 inSanDiego.C.On May18 inSanFrancisco.D.On

13、May25 inSanFrancisco.24.A.Whensmokingexposureishigh.B.Whensmokingexposureislow.C.Whenthesubjectsreceivedmedication.D.Whenthesubjectsstoppedsmoking.华慧考博研究中心5/1725.A.Hormonedifferencesinmenandwomen.B.Geneticdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.C.Womensactivemetabolicrate.D.Womenssmallerairways.PassageTwo26.A

14、.About90,000.B.About100,000.C.Severalhundreds.D.About5,000.27.A.WarningfromGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.B.WarningfromtheKenyanhealthministry.C.Experiencegainedfromthe1997outbreak.D.ProperandpromptAidfromNASA.28.A.Distributingmosquitonets.B.Persuadingpeoplenottoslaughteranimals.C.Urgingpeoplenottoeatanim

15、als.D.Dispatchingdoctorstotheepidemic-strickenarea.29.A.ThehighersurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOcean.B.Theshort-livedmosquitoesthatwerethehostsoftheviruses.C.ThewarmanddryweatherintheHornofAfrica.D.Theheavybutintermittentrains.30.A.WarningfromNASA.B.How totreatRiftValleyfever.C.Th

16、edisastrouseffectsofRiftValleyfever.D.Satellitesandglobalhealth remotediagnosis.PartIIVocabulary(10%)SectionADirection:Inthissection,allthesentencesareincomplete.Fourwordsorphrases,markedABCandD.aregivenbeneatheachof them.Youaretochoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkyouransweron

17、 theANSWERSHEET.31.Agoodnightssleepisbelievedtohelpslowthestomachsemptying,produceasmoother,lessabruptabsorptionof sugar,andwillbetter_brainmetabolism.A.regulateB.activateC.retainD.consolidate32.TheexplosionandtheoilspillbelowthesurfaceoftheGulfofMexicoleftmymindinsucha _thatI couldntgettosleep.A.ca

18、tastropheB.boycottC.turmoilD.mentality华慧考博研究中心6/1733.Coronaryheartattacksoccurmorecommonlyinthosewithhighbloodpressure,intheobese,incigarettesmokers,andinthose_toprolongedemotionalandmentalstrain.A.sympatheticB.ascribedC.preferableD.subjected34.Mostcoldsareacquiredby childreninschoolandthen_toadults

19、.A.conveyedB.transmittedC.attributedD.relayed35.Severalofthemostpopulousnationsintheworld_atthelowerendofthetableofrealGDP percapitalastyear.A.fluctuatedB.languishedC.retardedD.vibrated36.Presentlythiskindofanti-depressantisstillinclinical_,eventhoughtheconcepthasbeenaroundsince1900s.A.trials B.appl

20、icationsC.implicationsD.endeavors37.Studiesrevealedthatexposuretolow-levelradiationfora longtimemayweakentheimmunesystem,_aging,andcausecancer.A.haltB.postponeC.retardD.accelerate38.Themayorcandidatespersonalitytraits,beingmodestandgenerous,_peopleinhisfavorbeforetheelection.A.predisposedB.presumedC

21、.presidedD.pressured39.Withitsgracefulmovementsandsalubriouseffectson health,TaiChihasa strong_toa vastmultitudeofpeople.A.flavor B.thrillC.appealD.implication40.Ifyouarecatchingatrain,itisalwaysbettertobe _earlythanevenafractionofa minutetoolate.A.infinitelyB.temporarilyC.comfortablyD.favorablySect

22、ionBDirections:Eachof thefollowingsentenceshasawordor phraseunderlined.Therearefourwordsor phrasesbeneatheachsentence,Choosethewordor phrasewhichcanbestkeepthemeaningof theoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart,Markyouransweron theANSWERSHEET.41.AllNobelPrizewinnerssuccessisa processo

23、flong-termaccumulation,inwhichlastingeffortsareindispensable.A.irresistibleB.cherishedC.inseparableD.requisite42.TheQueenspresenceimpartedan airof eleganceto thedrinksreceptionatBuckinghamPalaceinLondon.A.bestowedB.exhibitedC.imposedD.emitted43.Physiciansareclearthatthyroiddysfunctionismanifestingro

24、wingchildrenintheformofmentalandphysicalretardation.A.intensifiedB.apparentC.representativeD.insidious华慧考博研究中心7/1744.Themechanismthattheeyecanaccommodateitselfto differentdistanceshasbeenappliedto automaticcamera,whichmarksarevolutionarytechniqueadvance.A.yieldB.amplifyC.adaptD.cast45.Differencesamo

25、ngbelieversarecommon;however,itwasthepressureofreligiouspersecutionthatexacerbatedtheirconflictsandcreatedthesplitof theunion.A.eradicated B.deterioratedC.vanquishedD.averted46.WhenPicassowasparticularlypoor,he mighthavetriedtoobliteratetheoriginalcompositionby paintingoveriton canvases.A.duplicate

26、B.eliminateC.substituteD.compile47.Forthesakeof animalprotection,environmentalistsdeploredtheconstructionprogramofa nuclearpowerstation.A.disapprovedB.despisedC.demolishedD.decomposed48.Politicalfiguresinparticularareheldtoverystrictstandardsofmaritalfidelity.A.loyaltyB.moralityC.qualityD.stability4

27、9.Thepatientcomplainedthathisdoctorhadbeennegligentinnotgivinghima fullexamination.A.prudentB.ardentC.carelessD.brutal50.Shehasbeenhandlingallthecomplaintswithoutwrathfora wholemorning.A.furyB.chaosC.despairD.agony华慧考博研究中心8/17PartIIICloze(10%)Directions:In thissectionthereisa passagewithtennumberedb

28、lanks.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDon therightside.Choosethebestanswerandmarktheletterof yourchoiceon theANSWERSHEET.Foryears,scientistshavebeenwarningus thattheradiationfrommobilephonesis detrimentalto ourhealth,withoutactuallyhavinganyevidencetobackthese_51_up.However,researchno

29、wsuggeststhatmobilephoneradiationhasat leastonepositivesideeffect:itcanhelppreventAlzheimers,_52_inthemicethatactedastestsubjects.Itsbeensuspected,thoughneverproven,thatheavyuseofmobilephonesisbadforyourhealth.Itsthoughtthatwalkingaroundwithacellphonepermanentlyattachedto thesideofyourheadisalmostsu

30、retobe _53_yourbrain.Andthatmaywellbe true,butIdratherwaituntilitsprovenbeforegivingup thatpartofmy dailylife.Butwhathasnow beenproven,in averyperfunctorymanner,isthatmobilephoneradiationcanhavean effectonyourbrain._54_in thiscaseitwasapositiveratherthannegativeeffect.AccordingtoBBC news,theFloridaA

31、lzheimersDiseaseResearchCenterconductedastudyon 96 miceto seeiftheradiationgivenoffby mobilephonescouldaffecttheonsetofAlzheimers.Someof themicewere“geneticallyalteredto developbeta-amyloidplaquesintheirbrains”_55_theyaged.Thesearea markerofAlzheimers.all96 micewerethen“exposedtotheelectro-magnetic_

32、56_generatedby a standardphonefortwoone-hourperiodseachdayforseventoninemonths.”Theluckythings._57_theexperimentshowedthatthemicealteredtobepredisposedto dementiawereprotectedfromthediseaseifexposedbeforetheonsetoftheillness.Theircognitiveabilitieswereso unimpairedas tobe virtually_58_tothemicenotge

33、neticallyalteredinanyway.Unfortunately,althoughtheresultsarepositive,thescientistsdontactuallyknowwhyexposuretomobilephoneradiationhasthiseffect.Butitshopedthatfurtherstudyandtestingcouldresultin anon-invasive_59_forpreventingandtreatingAlzheimersdisease.Autopsiescarriedouton themicealsoconcludednoi

34、ll-effectsoftheirexposuretotheradiation.However,thefactthattheradiationpreventedAlzheimersmeansmobilephones_60_ourbrainsandbodiesinwaysnotyetexplored.Anditssuretherearenegativeaswellasthisonepositive.51.A.devicesB.risksC.phenomenaD.claims52.A.atleastB.atmostC.asifD.aswell53.A.blockingB.cookingC.exha

35、ustingD.cooling54.A.ExceptB.EvenC.DespiteD.Besides55.A.untilB.whenC.asD.unless56.A.rangeB.continuumC.spectrumD.field57.A.ReasonablyB.ConsequentlyC.AmazinglyD.Undoubtedly58.A.identicalB.beneficialC.preferableD.susceptible59.A.effortB.methodC.huntD.account60.A.do affectB.didaffectC.isaffectingD.couldh

36、aveaffectedPartIV ReadingComprehension(30%)华慧考博研究中心9/17Directions:In thisparttherearesixpassages,eachof whichisfollowedby fivequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.PassageoneI havejustreturnedfromMexico,wh

37、ereI visiteda factorymakingmedicalmasks.Facedwithfiercecompetition,theownerhascuthiscostsby outsourcingsomeofhisproduction.Scoresofpeopleworkforhimintheirhomes,threadingelasticintomasksby hand.Theyarepaidbelowtheminimumwage,withno jobsecurityandnohealthcareprovision.Usersof medicalmasksandotherlabor

38、atorygearprobablygivelittlethoughttowheretheirequipmentcomesfrom.Thatneedstochange.Asignificantproportionoftheseproductsaremadeinthedevelopingworldby low-paidpeoplewithinadequatelaborrights.Thisleadstohumanmiseryon a tremendousscale.Takelabcoats.ManyaremadeinIndia,wheremostcottonfarmersarepaidanunfa

39、irpricefortheircropsandfactoryemployeesworkillegalhoursforpoorpay.One-fifthoftheworldssurgicalinstrumentsaremadeinnorthernPakistan.WhenIvisitedtheareaa coupleofyearsagoI foundmostworkerstoiling12 hoursa day,sevendaysaweek,forlessthanadollaraday,exposedto noise,metaldustandtoxicchemicals.Thousandsofc

40、hildren,someasyoungas7,workintheindustry.To wininternationalcontracts,factoryownersmustofferrock-bottomprices,andconsequentlydrivedownwagesandlaborconditionsasfarastheycan.We laboratoryscientistsin thedevelopedworldmayunwittinglybe encouragingthis:we askhowmuchourequipmentwillcost,butwhichofus asksw

41、homadeitandhowmuchtheywerepaid?Thisisno smallmatter.Scienceissupposedtobenefithumanity,butbecauseoftheconditionsunderwhichtheirtoolsaremade,mayscientistsmayactuallybe causingharm.Whatcanbe done?Aknee-jerkboycottof unethicalgoodsisnottheanswer;itwouldjustmakethingsworseforworkersinthosemanufacturingz

42、ones.Whatwe needistostartaskingsupplierstobe transparentaboutwhereandhowtheirproductsaremanufacturedandurgethemtoimprovetheirmanufacturingpractices.Itcanbe done.Manyuniversitiesarecommittedto fairtradein theformofethicallysourcedtea,coffeeor bananas.Thatmodelshouldbe extendedtolaboratorygoods.Therea

43、resignsthatthingsaremoving.OverthepastfewyearsI haveworkedwithhealthservicesin theUKandin Sweden.Bothhaverecentlyinstitutedethicalprocurementpractices.Ifscienceistrulygoingtohelphumanity,itneedstofollowsuit.61.Fromthemedicalmaskstolabcoats,theauthoristryingtotellus_.A.thepracticeofoccupationalprotec

44、tioninthedevelopingworldB.thedevelopingcountriesplaguedby povertyanddisease.C.thecheapestlaborinthedevelopingcountries.D.thehumanmiserybehindthem.62.Theconcerningphenomenontheauthorhasobserved,accordingtothepassage,_.A.isnothingbuttherepetitionofthemiserablehistory.B.couldhavebeenevenexaggerated.C.i

45、sunfamiliartothewealthywest.华慧考博研究中心10/17D.isprevailingacrosstheworld.63.Theauthorarguesthatwhenresearchersinthewealthywestbuythetoolsoftheirtrade,theyshould_.A.havethesameconcernwiththedevelopingcountries.B.be blindtotheirsourcesforthesakeofhumanityC.pursuegoodbargainsintheinternationalmarket.D.spa

46、rea thoughtforhowtheyweremade.64.Apropercourseofactionsuggestedby theauthoris_.A.torefusetoimporttheunethicalgoodsfromthedevelopingworld.B.toaskscientiststotellthetruthastheprimevalueoftheirwork.C.tourgethemanufacturerstoaddresstheimmoralissues.D.toimprovethetransparencyofinternationalcontracts.65.B

47、y sayingattheendofthepassagethatifscienceistrulygoingtohelphumanity,itneedstofollowsuit,theauthormeansthat_.A.thescientificcommunityshouldstandup forallhumanityB.theprimevalueofscientistsworkistotellthetruth.C.laboratorygoodsalsoneedtobeethicallysourced.D.becauseofscience,thereishopeforhumanity.Pass

48、agetwoAlittleinformationisa dangerousthing.Alotofinformation,ifitsinaccurateorconfusing,evenmoreso.Thisisa problemforanyonetryingtospendorinvestinanenvironmentallysustainableway.Investorsarebarragedwithindexespurportingtodescribecompanieseco-credentials,someofdubiousquality.Greenlabelson consumerpro

49、ductsareubiquitous,buttheirclaimsarehardtoverify.The confusionis evidentformNew Scientistsanalysisof whetherpublicperceptionsof companiesgreencredentialsreflectreality.It showsthatmanycompaniesconsidered“green”havedonelittletoearnthatreputation,whileothersdonotgetsufficientcreditfortheireffortstored

50、ucetheirenvironmentalimpact.Obtainingbetterinformationiscrucial,becausedecisionsby consumersandbiginvestorswillhelppropelustowardsa greeneconomy.At present,itistooeasytomakeunverifiedclaims.Takedisclosureofgreenhousegasemissions,forexample.TherearevoluntaryschemessuchastheCarbonDisclosureProject,but