华慧上海交通大学2012年考博英语真题阅读理解第二篇试题及参考答案36315.pdf

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1、慧考博考博第一品牌 慧网 考博咨QQ：400 622 4468 第 1 共 4 上海交通大学2012年考博英真理解及参考答案(Two)Passage TwoGround-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels.It also damages crops and other vegetation.It is a key ingredient of urban smog.:Goof ozone”occurs naturally in the stratosph

2、ere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earths surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the suns harmful rays.“Bad ozone”is formed in the earths lower atmosphere,near ground level,when pollutants emitted by cars,power plants,industrial boilers,refineries,chemical plants,and othe

3、r sources react chemically in the present of sunlight.Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer,months when the weather conditions needed to form ground-level ozone-lots of sun,hot temperatures-normally occur.The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another.Southe

4、rn and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year.Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn.Other symptoms include wheezing,coughing,pain when taking it deep breath,and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities.Peo

5、ple with respiratory problems are most vulnerable,but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high.Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for several moths any cause permanent lung damage.Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk,particularly ch

6、ildren and other people who are active outdoors.Even at very low levels,ground-level ozone trigger a variety of problems including aggravated asthma,reduced lung capacity,and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis.Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable

7、 signs.People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time-particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days.Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared.46.Which of the follo

8、wing is true according to the passage?A.“Bad zone”comes into existence in the Earths upper atmosphere.B.“Good zone”appears in the Earths lower atmosphere,near ground level.C.“Bad zone”only damages crops and other vegetation.D.Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars,慧考博考博第一品牌 慧网 考

9、博咨QQ：400 622 4468 第 2 共 4 power plants,and so on.47.It can be learned from the passage that _.A.Urban smog mainly consists of“good ozone”B.“Bad ozone”protects us from the suns harmful ultraviolet raysC.Ozone pollution is especially harmful to peoples health in summerD.The states in the North and Nor

10、thwest of the U.S may have the longest ozone season48.What does the word“vulnerable”(Line 16,Pare,4)most probably mean?A.Hard to deal withB.Harmful and dangerousC.Easy to be hurt or affected D.Hot in temper and hard to calm down.49.According to the passage,ground-level ozone causes the fallowing hea

11、lth problem EXCEPT_.A.stomach cancer B.more serious asthmaC.decreased lung capacity D.pneumonia and bronchitis50.We can see that the passage is mainly about _.A.“good ozone”and its function of protecting peopleB.ozone pollution and its effects on peoples healthC.the measures that Southern states of

12、the U.S.Should take against ozone pollutionD.how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone pollution参考答案解析Passage Two【文章大意】本文主要述了地水准（基）臭氧的形成和影响。地水准（基）臭氧分有利臭氧和有害臭氧。有利臭氧在流面形成，能保地球生物不受有害射的害。有害臭氧是地表染物形成，极大地影响人的身体健康，期外活，有呼吸疾病的人容易引起肺炎，肺功能衰竭等疾病。【答案与解析】46.D 【解析】判断。定位于第1段和第2段。文中提到

13、，地水准（基）臭氧能影响人的健康，也会害作物和其它蔬菜。起保作用的有益臭氧出在平流。有害臭氧形成在地表，是由一些染物形成的。A，B，C法，排除。因而，D。慧考博考博第一品牌 慧网 考博咨QQ：400 622 4468 第 3 共 4 47.C 【解析】判断。定位于第2段。文中提到有益臭氧通常在平流形成，在地表10到30米形成一保，能保地球上的生物不受有害太阳射的害。A和B，法。D，美国的北部和西北部的臭氧季达一年，并没有提及是最的。D，法不准确。因而，C。48.C 【解析】意推。定位于第3段，第3行。文中提到，期参加外运的健康人在臭氧水平高，也很容易受到影响，而有呼吸病的人就更容易受到影响了。

14、两者存在比，可以推出C。49.A 【解析】判断。定位于第3段。文中提到，甚至在地水准（基）臭氧下会引健康，如重的哮喘，肺功能衰竭，肺炎及支气管炎。B，C，D都是引起的健康。A在文中没有提及。50.B 【解析】主旨大意。合文章大意可知，本文主要述了臭氧染人健康的影响及其形成。B和C在文中没不是有提及，排除。D不是全文的重点，排除。【句句剖析】1.“Bad ozone”is formed in the earths lower atmosphere,near ground level,when pollutants emitted by cars,power plants,industrial b

15、oilers,refineries,chemical plants,and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight.【参考文】当汽，站，工炉，冶厂，化工厂放的染物以及其它化学原料在阳光下生化学反，有害臭氧就在地球的近地表的低大气中形成。【分析】句子的框架是“Bad ozone”is formed in the earths lower atmosphere。Bad ozone是主句部分，When引状从句。状从句中emitted by作定修pollutants。React chemically是“化学地反”，翻成“生化学

16、反”。in the present of sunlight灵活地反成“在阳光的作用下，在阳光下”。2.Even at very low levels,ground-level ozone trigger a variety of health problems including aggravated asthma,reduced lung capacity,and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis.慧考博考博第一品牌 慧网 考博咨QQ：400 622 4468 第 4

17、 共 4【参考文】甚至是在低水平下，基准臭氧也会引起很多健康，如加重哮喘疾病，使肺功能衰竭，增加肺炎，支气管炎等呼吸疾病的感染几率。【分析】句子的框架是ground-level ozone trigger a variety of health problems。at very low levels作状。Including作伴随状。伴随状中的的去分形式，要灵活翻，可成的意思，言通，忠即可。Asthma“哮喘”。lung capacity“肺功能”。respiratory illnesses“呼吸疾病”。pneumonia and bronchitis“肺炎和支气管炎”。3.People who

18、 love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away over time-particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days.【参考文】喜外活的人也会，在臭氧水平高的地区，他的初始症状会明消失尤其是持几天暴露于高度的臭氧水平下。【分析】句子的框架是：People may find that。Who 引定从句修people，定从句中又嵌套where引的定从句修areas。That引从句做主句的成分。破折号后是解明的部分，有when引的状从句。翻要注意整句子的序。运用切分法，将句子分成独立小句。initial symptom“初始症状”。Go away“消失，离”。