麦肯锡《供应链管理-流程与绩效》.pptx

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1、Developing An Overview of Supply Chain Performance MetricsProcess,RecommendationsMcKinseyOctober2003-2-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialThis document gives an overview of the different metrics that can be used to measure supply chain performanceThe Supply Chain CoEs objecti

2、ve is to define a benchmarking framework capable of:Comparinggenericmetricperformancesforuseonprojects.Capturingfurtherbenchmarkingdatainaconsistentformat.The London Shops task:Developanoverviewofthedifferentmetricstomeasuresupplychainperformance.Selectthemostimportantmetricsthatcanbeusedacrossindus

3、tries.Discusshowthemostimportantmetricslinkotheroperationalmetricswithineachstageofthesupplychain.SuggesthowthesupplychainCoEshouldcontinueconcerningthistopic.-3-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialWe used information from several sources during our projectInternal and externa

4、l documents:High level benchmarking framework for supply chain performance(H.Cook):ShopStudy(March1997)accessinginformationfromavailableexpertsandpastprojects.Supply chain benchmarks and best practice(DowPolyurethane&EpoxyApril1995).Supply Chain Benchmark Assessment(March1997).Supply chain appraisal

5、 and benchmarks:(client X September1997).Discussions with supply chain CoE:GrahamColclough.AndrewMorgan.LeeSherman.DeborahHuff(CapMcKinsey).-4-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialPossible data sources-5-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialPerformance mea

6、surement is an important but complex subjectThis documents an initial step in the right direction.Companies see the need for metrics.but developing the“right”set of metrics is a challenge“If you cant measure,you cant manage,you cant motivate”Establishing the proper measures within an organisation en

7、hances continuousNo commonly used“model”.Business issues that warrant performance measurement:Differbetweenindustries.Differwithinindustry.Changeovertime.There is no one“right”answerFocusAccountabilityCommunicationLinking strategy to action Assigning accountabilityto take action when neededMeasuring

8、 progress towards goals through interactive communication and education-6-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialWe used a generic supply chain framework as a basis for our analysis.Supply Chain FrameworkSuppliersPurchasingInformation FlowForecasting&Production PlanningCustomer S

9、erviceInventory ManagementInboundLogisticsManufacturingMaintenanceMarketing&SalesOutboundLogisticsIntegrated Supply Chain ManagementCustomersThis framework aligns with the CoE POV and is also similar to framework for the supply chain diagnostics inventory database.-7-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinse

10、yProprietaryandConfidential.and concluded there are three strategic objectives we should focus on when analysing the supply chainKey metrics must give information on how a company is performing against old strategic objectives.Strategic objectives:QualityTimeCostProducts/services according to custom

11、er expectationsOn agreed timeAt reasonable costPurchasingInformation FlowForecasting&Production PlanningInventory ManagementInboundLogisticsManufacturingMaintenanceMarketing&SalesOutboundLogisticsIntegrated Supply Chain ManagementCustomer ServiceSupply Chain FrameworkNB:BoundariesNPDISupportfunction

12、sTailor to company specific(BSC)objectives-8-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialWe began with a brainstorming session on the key drivers for quality,time and costThe complete picture can be found in the appendix.We looked at the supply chain from the customers perspective.We

13、brainstormed on“what could go wrong along the supply chain”:Whataredriversofperformancefromaquality,timeandcostpointofview.PriceServiceProduct qualityProduct quantityProduct deliveryLate arrival Late deliveryInventory costProduct costProduc-tion costDelivery costCustomer service costQualityTimeCost-

14、9-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialMaking their client specific warrants attentionRespect all sources of data:Understand their relationshipsthe“causal tree”:Recognised Cross-Industry;In-Industry and In-Company similarities and differences.Blind-sidedIntuitionOpinionDiscussi

15、onSurveyFunctionalMeasuresKPIsExternalBestPracticeQualitativeQuantitativeObjective1KPIKPIKPIKPIObjective2KPIandxxxmeasure“Dualservice”measures(cost&time)“Hardwired”andtennonsPush-pull-10-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialMaking their client specific warrants attention(cont.)

16、Recognise Cross-Industry;In-Industry;and In-Company similarities and differences.Interface the solution to the current clients measures,systems,processes and culture:.andguidemigrationovertime.Ensure accountability for collecting and actioning is clear.-11-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietar

17、yandConfidentialProposed Supply Chain KPIsKPIs help to identify“where”the performance problem is within the supply chain,and steer towards areas to explore“why”.Accuracy(as%ofsales)Customer satisfaction%of satisfied customersTotal cycle timeTime(for customer)from placing order to receiving goods%of

18、products delivered on timeTotal supply chain cost as%of salesCost per product sold as%of salesCostas%ofsales%ofproductsdeliveredaccordingtocustomerorder(quantity/quality)%ofcustomerssatisfiedwithservice%ofproductsorderedalreadyinstockDefectrateofproductsas%ofproduction%ofgoodsdeliveredaccordingtoord

19、er(quantity/quality)bysupplierTimefromorderplacementtoreceptionofgoodsTimefromproductionordertodeliveryintofinishedproductwarehouseDowntimeas%oftotalproductiontime%ofgoodsdeliveredontimebysupplierCostas%ofsalesCostas%ofsalesCostas%ofsalesNumberofstockturns/yearsTotal Supply ChainForecastingPurchasin

20、gInbound LogisticsManufacturingMaintenanceInventory ManagementMarketing&SalesCustomer ServiceOutbound LogisticsQualityTimeCost%ofactivesuppliersthataccountfor90%oftotalpurchasevalueNeedtoidentifyM&SKPIsBEWARE of inter-relationships-12-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialEach s

21、tage of the supply chain has a variety of metrics to monitor operational effectivenessThese metrics help identify“why”there is a performance problem.ForecastingPurchasingInbound LogisticsManufacturingMaintenanceQualityTimeCostActualvs.forecastedsales%ofdatawhichcanbeusedwithoutmodificationintheplann

22、ingprocess%ofallactivesuppliersthataccountfor90%oftotalpurchasevalue%ofcorrectordersplaced#ofalternativesourcesofsupply#ofsuppliersinvolvedinproductdevelopment/innovation#ofsuppliersperpurchasingemployee(purchasingprofessional)#ofvendorsproductsorderedPurchasingheadcountas%oftotalheadcount%ofgoodsde

23、liveredaccordingtoorder(quantify/quality)bysupplier#ofcarrieralliances#ofovershipments%ofdirectmaterialpurchasesthatarenotinspectedatincomingqualityassurance,goingfromstocktodock%ofdirectmaterialpurchasesthatarenotinspectedatincomingqualityassurance,goingfromstocktoproduction%ofordersdeliveredwithou

24、tunplannedcommunicationorspecialattentionDefectrateofproductsas%ofproductionScraprateas%ofproduction#ofchangesperproductionperiod%ofgoodsrepackagedActualvs.productioncapacityTimefromorderplacementtoreceptionofgoodsTimefromproductionordertodeliverintofinishedproductwarehouse%ofaccountspayablehandledb

25、eforeduedate%ofaccountspayablehandedin130days%ofaccountspayablehandledin3160days%ofaccountspayablehandledin6190days%ofaccountspayablehandledinover90days%ofsuppliersconnectedviaEDIAverageactualtimetodeveloped/negotiateacontract%ofgoodsdeliveredontimebysupplierProportionofsupplierswhodeliverdailyPropo

26、rtionofsupplierswhodeliverfrequentlythanmonthlyProportionofsupplierswhodelivermonthlyProportionofsupplierswhodelivertwiceweeklyResponsetimetoschedulechangesResponsetimetounforeseenproblemsTurnaroundtimeonrejecteditemsAverageproductionleadtimeCurrentmanufacturingleadtimeMinimumproductionleadtimeDownt

27、imeas%oftotalproductiontimeDowntimeduetopartsshortage(orstockoutsingeneral)HoursofunplanneddowntimeCostas%ofsalesCostas%ofsalesCostas%oftotalcostsCostoforderspurchased(rangeCostofvendortransactions(range)CostofexpediterepairmaterialsPurchasingspendpersupplierPurchasingspendperpurchasingemployee(purc

28、hasingprofessional)Costas%ofsalesCostas%oftotalsalesCostas%ofsalesCostpersaleableunitCostperunitproducedCostas%ofsalesCostperunitproducedSource:H.CookNosofstrategies,or“uptime”service-basedcontracts-13-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialIn addition to the KPIs each stage of t

29、he supply chain has a variety of metrics to monitor operational effectiveness(cont.)Inventory ManagementMarketing and SalesCustomer ServiceOutbound LogisticsTotal Supply ChainQualityTimeCost%ofproductsorderedalreadyinstockDefectrateofproductsas%ofproductsleavingwarehouseAccuracyofinventoryrecordsInv

30、entoryvs.servicelevelItemsininventoryas%oftotalunitpurchasesObsoletevs.activeinventory%ofcorrectorderstaken#ofadditionalsalesfromcustomerreferrals#oforderchangesas%ofordersfilled%ofordershandledwithcommitmenttoproduct/servicedeliveryonfirstcall%ofcustomerssatisfiedwithservice#ofcomplaintsas%oftotalo

31、rders#ofphonecallstocustomerservicedevelopmentperordershipped#ofcomplaintsduetoOn-timedelivery;OrderEntry;Packaging;Productquality;ShippingError#ofcomplaintsas%oftotalorders#ofcustomercontactsperorder#ofenquiries(includingcomplaints)thatwerenotansweredtothecustomerssatisfaction#ofinformationrequests

32、as%ofcustomerorders%ofcallsabandoned,answeredbyrecording,delayed%ofcustomercontactthroughcustomerservice%ofcustomerfollow-uphandledbyCustomerServiceRepresentative;DepartmentManager;FieldRepresentative;ResponsibleManager%ofinvoicescontainingerrors%ofordersdeliveredcompleteandwithouterror(orderfillrat

33、e)%ofordersthataredamagedonarrivalatcustomersite%ofrespondentsthatcanhandlecomplaintswithouthandingofftootherperson/dept.Average%ofdisputedinvoices%ofproductsdeliveredaccordingtocustomerorder(quantity/quality)Degreeofutilisationoffacilities(%)EquipmentutilisationloadEquipmentutilisationweightTimefro

34、morderplacementtostartofdeliveryCustomersatisfaction(rating)%ofsatisfiedcustomers%ofinformationoncredithistorylimitavailableOn-line%ofinformationonopen-orderhistoryavailableOn-line%ofinformationonoutstandingbalanceavailableOn-line%ofinformationonpricingavailableOn-line%ofinformationonproducthistorya

35、vailableOn-line%ofinformationonproductIDcodeavailableOn-line%ofinformationonshippingpointsavailableOn-lineRatioofoperationslabouras%ofpassivelabourAverage#ofordersrejectedAverageproducttimeinwarehouseNo.ofdaysconsumptioninstock(A-goods)No.ofdaysconsumptioninstock(B-goods)No.ofdaysconsumptioninstock(

36、C-goods)No.ofdayssafetystock(A-goods)No.ofdayssafetystock(B-goods)No.ofdayssafetystock(C-goods)No.ofproductswithduplicationstockPlanneddaysofinventoryonhand%ofaccountsreceivablesettledbeforeduedate%ofaccountsreceivablesettledin130days%ofaccountsreceivablesettledin3160days%ofaccountsreceivablesettled

37、in91days%ofaccountsreceivablesettledin6190daysDeliverytime%ofproductsdeliveredearly#ofdeliveriespermanhour%ofordersdeliveredontime(asdefinedbycustomer)%ofordersdeliveredwithanaveragedelayof1monthAverage#ofdaysdelayafterscheduledshipdateTotalcycletimeTime(forcustomers)fromplacingordertoreceivinggoods

38、%ofproductsdeliveredontimeAveragecustomerquotedleadtimeAverageleadtimefromreceiptofordertoshipmentAveragetimetakentoaccessinformationCashtocashcycleLongestcustomerquotedleadtimeNewproductintroductiontimeProductchangeovertimeShortestcustomerquotedtimeTimefromreceiptofordertoreceiptofshipmentbycustome

39、rTimetakentorectifyincorrectordamagedordersAveragetimetakentorespondtorequestsCostas%ofsales#ofstockturns/yearCostas%ofcostofgoodspurchasedCarriedworthofexpiredlotsA-goodsasapercentofinventoryAveragestocklevelB-goodsasapercentofinventoryC-goodsasapercentofinventoryInventorycostas%oftotalassets(gross

40、assets)MaximumstocklevelMinimumstocklevelCostas%ofsalesCostas%ofsalesCostperdelivery#ofroutemilesperdelivery#ofwarehousingfacilities#ofwarehousingoflocations%oftransportationunitsownedbycompanyCostperorderCostperrouteTotalsupplychaincostas%ofsalesCostperproductsoldas%ofsales%ofprofitfrombasepurchase

41、%ofprofitfromincreasedpurchases%ofprofitfrompremiumpricing%ofrevenuegeneratedbylargestcustomergroup(top20%)Costperproductsoldas%ofsalesOperatingprofitpercustomeras%ofoperatingcostspercustomerTotalcostperorderTotalcostperunitproducedCostas%ofsalesSource:H.Cook-14-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProp

42、rietaryandConfidentialGiven the multitude of metrics we suggest to analyse supply chain performance using a hierarchy of measures.digging through the causal tree to improve business performance.Key KPISupportingMetricsOther OperationalMeasuresType of MeasureExampleHighest Level UseWho Uses ItForecas

43、ting accuracy(as%of sales)Integrated supply chainGeneric benchmarkingConsultantTop managementSupply chain stage manager%of suppliers connected via EDISupply chain stage diagnosticConsultantSupply chain stage managerA-goods as a%of inventorySupply chain stage diagnosticSupply chain stage managerObjec

44、tiveFind“where”the problem is within the supply chainIdentify the“why”within the supply chain stageGive more in-depth information about supply chain stage-15-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialFor example,the quality of customer service performance can be clearly measured at

45、three different levelsQualityKey KPIsSuggested Supporting MetricsOther Operational Measures%of customers satisfied with service#of complaints as%of total orders#of phone calls to customer service department per order shipped#of complaints due to:order entry,packaging,shipping error,.)%of calls aband

46、oned,answered by recording,delayed,.%of complaints handled by:customer service rep.,department manager,.KPIs will be measured for generic benchmarks,whilst operational metrics will be measured by a customer service manager.#of complaints that were not answered to customer satisfactionAverage number

47、of orders rejected-16-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialKey KPIsSuggested Supporting MetricsOther Operational MeasuresOutbound logistics performance.%of products delivered according to customer order(quantity/quality)(These can often be driven by customer service metrics)Deg

48、ree of utilisation of facilities(%)Equipment utilisation(load/weight)Delivery time%of orders delivered on time(as defined by customer)#of deliveries/man hour%of orders delivered early%of orders delivered with an average delay of 1 monthAverage number of days of delay after scheduled ship dateCost as

49、%of sales#of route miles per delivery#of warehousing facilities/locations%of transportation units owned by company.Cost per deliveryCost per orderCost per routeQualityTimeCost-17-LShop/Ldn/22Oct97Rp-fc/kfMcKinseyProprietaryandConfidentialKey KPIsSuggested Supporting MetricsOther Operational Measures

50、QualityTimeCostFor maintenance,commonly used supply chain performance metrics relate to time and costThe quality of maintenance is commonly measured by lag measures in terms of cost or as a production measure(downtime).We suggest the use of two lead measures that proactively monitor maintenance perf