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1、Selected Readings in Sociology BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CHEN-XUAN主讲教师简介主讲教师简介l1994年起任英语系英美文学教师年起任英语系英美文学教师l2000年起为华中科技大学社会学系教师年起为华中科技大学社会学系教师l2003年由国家公派作为访问学者赴加拿大多伦多大年由国家公派作为访问学者赴加拿大多伦多大学社会学系访问一年，研究西方学术前沿科学社会学社会学系访问一年，研究西方学术前沿科学社会学等方向。学等方向。l2008年起加盟华中农业大学年起加盟华中农业大学u陈璇，陈璇，“风险社会与美国转基因食风险社会与美国转基因食品纷争品纷争”

2、，读书读书,2007,2007年第年第2 2期。期。u陈璇，陈璇，“风险分析技术框架的后常规风险分析技术框架的后常规科学和社会学批判：朝向一个综合的风科学和社会学批判：朝向一个综合的风险研究框架险研究框架”，未来与发展未来与发展,2008,2008年第年第2 2期。期。主讲教师近期主要学术探索主讲教师近期主要学术探索l陈璇，陈璇，“世界风险社会、科技风险与政治世界风险社会、科技风险与政治再造：兼论中国政府转基因作物风险治理再造：兼论中国政府转基因作物风险治理”，中国青年政治学院学报中国青年政治学院学报,2008年年第第3期。期。l陈璇，陈璇，“走向后现代的美国家庭：理论分走向后现代的美国家庭：

3、理论分歧与经验研究歧与经验研究”，社会社会，2008年第年第4期。期。u陈璇，陈璇，“全纳背景下西方特殊教育的心全纳背景下西方特殊教育的心理理-医学范式危机与社会学转向医学范式危机与社会学转向”，比比较教育研究较教育研究，2009(2).54-57。中国社中国社会科学文摘会科学文摘，全文转载，全文转载，2009(7）。）。l Chen,Xuan,“Risk of Children-Educating in Immigrant Families from Mainland China”,report presented to the international symposium on“Glob

4、alization and Culture Change”,October,2003,Montreal,Canada.Arrangement of this courseIntroduction to sociologyUnit 1 to 7Classic ReadingsClassroom practiceForward:Why should we study selected readings in sociology?Unit 1 The Emergence of Sociology1 Foundations of sociology1.1 Ancient philosophers on

5、 ideal state 1.2 Foundations of the scientific methods1.3 Social contract theorists1.1 Ancient philosophers on ideal statePlato:The Republic Ruled by the wisestChange preventedAristotle:PoliticsSmall city;Happiness found in political compromise1.2 Foundations of the scientific methodsFrancis Bacon:m

6、ethod of induction Rene Descartes:Logical deductionMathematical analysis1.3 Social contract theoristsThomas Hobbes:man“as a wolf to his fellow man”;Absolute governmentJohn Locke:Natural rights2 The Founding Fathers of Modern Sociology2.1 Founding father:Auguste Comte2.2 Method Contribution of Durkhe

7、im&Weber2.1 Founding father:Auguste ComteDivision of sociologyPut sociology on the top of the hierarchy of sciences2.2 Method Contribution of DurkheimRules of the Sociological Method(1895)Suicide(1897)2.2 Method Contribution of WeberVerstehen:standing in the place of Ideal typeSociological journalsA

8、merican Journal of Sociology American Sociological Review Journal of Health and Social Behavior Social Forces 德雷克德雷克西弗斯：如何发起一场运动西弗斯：如何发起一场运动 Derek Sivers:How to start a movement 2010-02 3分钟http:/ Durkheim,Mills7分钟http:/ 20分钟 http:/ 传 44分钟http:/ l 谢谢Selected Readings in Sociology BY ASSOCIATE PROFESS

9、OR CHEN-XUANUnit 2 Schools of Sociological TheoriesTest:glossary 1,归纳法归纳法2,演绎法演绎法3,乌托邦乌托邦4,社会静力学社会静力学5,社会动力学社会动力学6,形而上学阶段形而上学阶段7,神学阶段神学阶段8,社会学方法的规则社会学方法的规则9,失范性自杀失范性自杀10,理想型理想型11,11,移情法移情法12,12,经验研究经验研究13,13,概念体系概念体系14,14,越轨行为越轨行为15,15,参照群体参照群体16,16,社会制度社会制度17,17,社会学的巴尔社会学的巴尔干化干化18,18,社会契约论社会契约论中层理论

10、中层理论2 Schools of Sociological Theories 2.1 Two Forms of Theory-building 2.2 Structural functional theory2.3 Conflict theory2.4 Inter-actionist theory 2.1 Two Forms of Theory-building What is a theory?A theory is a body of interrelated generalizations,based on empirical evidence,that describes the ce

11、ntral characteristics of certain type of phenomenon.2.1 Two Forms of Theory-building(1)Natural science model of theory begin with empirical findings devise generalizations to describe systematic linkage among them 2.1 Two Forms of Theory-building(2)Conceptual schemes begin with symbols(concepts)impo

12、rtant aspects of subject matterIllustrate their logical relationships 2.1 Two Forms of Theory-building Model(1):Emphasize valid empirical prediction Model(2):Emphasize logical coherence and apparent accuracyWhat is the case with sociology?Most sociological theories are conceptual schemesBecause its

13、subject matter too complex Sociologists are not in full agreement on the core issues as follows:Essential nature of societyBasic questions be studiedWhy should sociologists study society Comparing the 3 schools of sociological theoriesView of societyView of individual View of social orderView of soc

14、ial change2.2 structural-functional theoryThe concept of society-as-systemrepresentatives Malinowski,level of systemDurkheim,“The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life”(1912)religion reinforces social solidarityrepresentatives Weber,social act be studied at 2 levelsrepresentatives Parsons,The Struc

15、ture of Social Action(1937),link meaning of Weber with organic view of Durkheim to a model of social interaction within cultural contextThe Social System(1951),Parsonian theory representatives Merton,“manifest&latent functions”,dysfuntions2.3 conflict theoryChange rather than stability is the centra

16、l characteristic of society.representatives Marx,class struggle“Manifesto of the Communist Party”Mills,The power elite-the ruling class in U.S.“The Sociological Imagination”(1959)(The Promise of Sociology)Sociological imagination is an awareness that allows people to comprehend the links between the

17、ir immediate,personal social setting and the remote,impersonal social world that surrounds them and helps to shape them.representatives Dahrendorf,“Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society”(1959)revival of Marxist view,starting point of analyses in sphere of production,the relations of product

18、ion,or property relations,the conclusion:we are still living in a class society representatives Coser,“The Functions of Social Conflict”(1956)Conflict within and between groups in a society can produce vitality,stimulate change.德雷克德雷克西弗斯：如何发起一场运动西弗斯：如何发起一场运动 Derek Sivers:How to start a movement 2010

19、-02 3分钟http:/ Durkheim,Mills7分钟http:/ on Karl Marxhttp:/ paradox of choice 20 http:/ http:/ advocated special sociological theoriestheories of the middle range l 谢谢Speech on Patriotism Selected Readings in Sociology BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CHEN-XUANUnit 3 Introduction to Some Classic Readings1 Readin

20、gs of Structural-functional TheoryThe basic assumption of structural functional theory:organic view,society-as-systemMalinowski,“Argonauts of the Western Pacific”(1922),Kula ring,level of systemDurkheim,“The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life”(1912)religion reinforces social solidarityParsons,Th

21、e Structure of Social Action(1937),link meaning of Weber with organic view of Durkheim to a model of social interaction within cultural contextThe Social System(1951),Parsonian theory Parsons attempted to develop a general analytic model suitable for analyzing all types of collectivities.Unlike the

22、Marxists,who focused on social change,Parsons explored why societies are stable and functioning.AGIL,represents the four basic functions that all social systems must perform if they are to persist.Adaptation:acquiring sufficient resources.Goal Attainment:settling and implementing goalsIntegration:ma

23、intain solidarity or coordination among the subunits of the systemLatency:preserving,and transmitting the systems distinctive culture and valuesMerton,“manifest&latent functions”from “Social Theory and Social Structure”(1967)“total system of theory and theories of the middle range”also from “Social

24、Theory and Social Structure”(1967)2 Readings of conflict theoryChange rather than stability is the central characteristic of society.Marx,class struggle“Manifesto of the Communist Party”Mills,“The power elite”(1956)-the ruling class in U.S.“The Promise of Sociology”from“The Sociological Imagination”

25、(1959)Sociological imagination is an awareness that allows people to comprehend the links between their immediate,personal social setting and the remote,impersonal social world that surrounds them and helps to shape them.Dahrendorf,“Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society”(1959)revival of Mar

26、xist view,starting point of analyses in sphere of production,the relations of production,or property relations,the conclusion:we are still living in a class society Coser,“The Functions of Social Conflict”(1956)Conflict within and between groups in a society can produce vitality,stimulate change.3 R

27、eadings of inter-actionist theoryPeople manipulate symbols and create their social worlds through interaction.George Herbert Mead,“The self”from“Mind,self and society”(1934)Erving Goffman,“The Presentation of Self”from“The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life”(1959)Manifesto of the Communist PartyM

28、anifesto of the Communist Party(Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei),also titled The Communist Manifesto is a short book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 shortly before the February Revolution in France.Commissioned by the Communist League,it laid out the Leagues purposes and progra

29、m.It has been regarded as founding documents of Communism.The book contains Marx and Engels theories about the nature of society and politics.It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism,and then eventually communism.The fi

30、rst English translation was produced by Helen Macfarlane in 1850,and the book was first published in the United States by Stephen Pearl Andrews.The Manifesto went through a number of editions from 1872 to 1890;notable new prefaces were written by Marx and Engels for the 1872 German edition,the 1882

31、Russian edition,the 1883 French edition,and the 1888 English edition.This edition,translated by Samuel Moore with the assistance of Engels,has been the most commonly used English text since.Content of the manifestoIntroduction 导言导言Bourgeois and Proletarians 资产者和无产者资产者和无产者 Proletarians and Communists

32、 无产者和共产党人无产者和共产党人 Socialist and Communist Literature 社会主义的和共产主义的文献社会主义的和共产主义的文献 Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Opposition Parties 共产党人对各种反对党派的态度共产党人对各种反对党派的态度 Test至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggl

33、es.从封建社会的灭亡中产生出来的现代资产阶级从封建社会的灭亡中产生出来的现代资产阶级社会并没有消灭阶级对立。它只是用新的阶级、社会并没有消灭阶级对立。它只是用新的阶级、新的压迫条件、新的斗争形式代替了旧的。新的压迫条件、新的斗争形式代替了旧的。The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms.It has but established new classes,new conditions of opp

34、ression,new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。变革的产物。We see,therefore,how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development,of a series of revolutions in the modes of production a

35、nd of exchange.资产阶级在它已经取得了统治的地方把一切封建的、宗法的资产阶级在它已经取得了统治的地方把一切封建的、宗法的和田园诗般的关系都破坏了。它无情地斩断了把人们束缚于和田园诗般的关系都破坏了。它无情地斩断了把人们束缚于天然尊长的形形色色的封建羁绊，它使人和人之间除了赤裸天然尊长的形形色色的封建羁绊，它使人和人之间除了赤裸裸的利害关系，除了冷酷无情的裸的利害关系，除了冷酷无情的“现金交易现金交易”，就再也没有，就再也没有任何别的联系了。任何别的联系了。The bourgeoisie,wherever it has got the upper hand,has put an e

36、nd to all feudal,patriarchal,idyllic relations.It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his natural superiors,and has left remaining no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest,than callous cash payment.资产阶级抹去了一切向来受人尊崇和令人敬畏的职业资产阶级抹去了一切向来受人尊崇和令人敬畏的职业的神圣光

37、环。它把医生、律师、教士、诗人和学者变的神圣光环。它把医生、律师、教士、诗人和学者变成了它出钱招雇的雇佣劳动者。成了它出钱招雇的雇佣劳动者。The bourgeoisie has stripped of its halo every occupation hitherto honoured and looked up to with reverent awe.It has converted the physician,the lawyer,the priest,the poet,the man of science,into its paid wage-labourers.资产阶级在它的不到

38、一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生资产阶级在它的不到一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，还产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，还要大。要大。The bourgeoisie,during its rule of scarce one hundred years,has created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding generations together.l 谢谢http:/ 德雷克德雷克西弗斯：如何发起一场运动西弗斯：如何发起一场运动 Der

39、ek Sivers:How to start a movement 2010-02 3分钟http:/ Durkheim,Mills7分钟http:/ paradox of choice 20 http:/ on Karl Marxhttp:/ Discovery伟大之书系列，梦的解析 http:/ Introduction l I.Bourgeois and Proletarians l II.Proletarians and Communists l III.Socialist and Communist Literature l IV.Position of the Communists

40、 in Relation to the Various Opposition Parties http:/ The Communist Manifesto was first published(in German)in London by a group of German political refugees in 1848.It was also serialised at around the same time in a German-language London newspaper,the Deutsche Londoner Zeitung.8 The first English

41、 translation was produced by Helen Macfarlane in 1850,and the book was first published in the United States by Stephen Pearl Andrews.9 The Manifesto went through a number of editions from 1872 to 1890;notable new prefaces were written by Marx and Engels for the 1872 German edition,the 1882 Russian e

42、dition,the 1883 French edition,and the 1888 English edition.This edition,translated by Samuel Moore with the assistance of Engels,has been the most commonly used English text since.http:/ of the Communist PartylManifesto issued by Marx in 1848,regarded as founding documents of Communism.The Communis

43、t Manifesto,originally titled Manifesto of the Communist Party(German:Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei)is a short 1848 book written by the German Marxist political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.It has since been recognized as one of the worlds most influential political manuscripts.1 C

44、ommissioned by the Communist League,it laid out the Leagues purposes and program.It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle(historical and present)and the problems of capitalism,rather than a prediction of communisms potential future forms.2lThe book contains Marx and Engels Marxist th

45、eories about the nature of society and politics,that in their own words,The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.3 It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism,and then eventually commu

46、nism.http:/ Manifesto of the Communist Party(Das Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei,which first appeared in 1848,shortly before the February Revolution in France,and has since been http:/ Readings in Sociology BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CHEN-XUANTest至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。The history of

47、all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.从封建社会的灭亡中产生出来的现代资产阶级从封建社会的灭亡中产生出来的现代资产阶级社会并没有消灭阶级对立。它只是用新的阶级、社会并没有消灭阶级对立。它只是用新的阶级、新的压迫条件、新的斗争形式代替了旧的。新的压迫条件、新的斗争形式代替了旧的。The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagon

48、isms.It has but established new classes,new conditions of oppression,new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。变革的产物。We see,therefore,how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of develo

49、pment,of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.资产阶级在它的不到一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生资产阶级在它的不到一百年的阶级统治中所创造的生产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，还产力，比过去一切世代创造的全部生产力还要多，还要大。要大。The bourgeoisie,during its rule of scarce one hundred years,has created more massive and more colossal productive forces than

50、have all preceding generations together.Unit 4 Social Stratification(社会分层社会分层):From Perspective of Power 1 Brief Introduction to Stratification and the Theorists4.2 Functional Theory of Stratification4.2 Functional Theory of Stratification4.2 Functional Theory of Stratification4.2 Functional Theory