(精品)四级语法和作文.ppt

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1、 1.might/may have done could have done must have done should have done ought to have done were/was to have done neednt have done cant/couldnt have done*Mr.Brown was concerned that his unpopular political position_ a disastrous effect on his career.*When we reached the pier,the ferry had not arrived

2、yet,so we _.*Mary _ my letter;otherwise she would have replied before now.*Since the ground is white,it _ last night.2.had better would rather would sooner do sth.would as soon might(just)as well may well 3.would rather would as soon (that)sb.did would sooner Its(about/high)time 4.Prefer to do prefe

3、r to do rather do prefer sth.to sth.prefer doing to doing 5.Its no use no good doing sth.a waste of time sb.have trouble/difficulty sb.be busy 6.object to/be devoted to confess to/be dedicated to consent to/be committed to be used/accustomed/adapted/adjusted to yield to/be addicted to be submitted t

4、o be subjected to be exposed to /be opposed to when it comes to主谓一致主谓一致1.The police the cattle the people +复数复数 v.the youth the poultry2.The+adj.3.Politics Electronics Mathematics _ a difficult subject.Statistics Economics*The politics of my father _ different from mine.*The economics of our country

5、 _ improving.4.*Many a student _ to swim.*More than one _ been dismissed.*Every boy and girl _treated in the same way.*Every means _ been tried.*A series of meetings _ held.*Twenty pounds _ a heavy fine.*The Unite Nations _ an international organization.*Two hours _ not enough for the test.5.Not onl

6、ybut also either or neithernor or nor 6.A,in addition to B A as well as B A,including B A,except/but B A rather than B7.*John is one of the students that _ passed the exam.*John is the only one of the students that _ passed the exam.8.A lot of none of all of some of 60%of one third of 名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从

7、句，表语从句，同名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句位语从句1.Who/when/where/whether/how引导主语从句引导主语从句否定谓语否定谓语 Who will be the monitor is still unknown.2.That 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 It is that/who/when/where It is believed/estimated/argued/thought/reported/said that 3.What 引导的名词性从句引导的名词性从句从句 4.The fact that+谓语谓语 Evidence comes up

8、that We hold these truths to be self-evident that There is no proof that 5.The reason why/that is that It is where you left it.This is really what I want.6.Whomever/whoever/whatever/whichever引导名引导名 词性从句词性从句 I know that he will invite _ you want.You can choose _ room you like.I shall give the ticket

9、to _ asks for it first.7.Where 引导名词性从句和状语从句引导名词性从句和状语从句 Where he is going is not decided.Lindens exist _ other plants cannot flourish.Where there is a will,they is a way.定语从句定语从句:that/which/who/whom/whose/why/as1.It is one of the best theses _ have ever been written on the subject.2.Who is the boy _

10、 you were talking with a moment ago.3.,which/who/whose/whom (,)介词介词which/whom/whose Picasso,_ works inspired many artists,lived until a ripe old age.We need a chairman,_ everyone has confidence.The goals _ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.4.As is known to us all As

11、we all know As we expected As is expected 5.such as the sameas 状语从句状语从句1.However+adj./adv.=no matter how whenever/wherever/whatever/whichever /whoever,+主句主句*_ the price,they are prepared to pay.*_ troublesome the problem is,he faces it with patience.2.Now that/in that/Given(that)/provided(providing)

12、that/on condition that/seeing that/in case/as long as_ he couldnt persuade the other members of the committee,he gave in.*He insured his car _ he had an accident.*A gerund differs from a participle _ one is a noun,while the other is an adjective._ we have finished the homework,we might as well have

13、a rest.*You can fly to London this evening,_ you dont mind changing planes in Paris.*_ his inexperience,he has done a good job.3.Adj./adv as/though/that+主谓主谓,Strong as he is,he cant lift the post.Hard as he tried,he could work out the problem.4.Morethan 倍数词名词倍数词名词/asas/morethan*Output is six times _

14、 it was ten years ago.*Output in this factory is six times _in that factory.5.so/such that so/such as to do too to just as,so6.In spite of/despite/regardless of/because of/owing to/due to/in case of 7.If/unless 8.Not untildid sb.Its not until that9.the moment/the minute/the instant=as soon as非谓语动词非谓

15、语动词1.admit,allow,advice,suggest,acknowledge,advocate,appreciate,avoid,bear,cease,confess(to),consider,cant help/stand,delay,deny,detest,dread,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,forgive,forbid,imagine,involve,including,justify,keep,mind,miss,mention,permit,postpone,practise,quit,resist,recommen

16、d,risk2.advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,direct,enable,encourage,entitle,expect,forbid,force,inspire,instruct,intend,invite,oblige,order,permit,persuade,press,urge,remind,request,require,recommend teach,tell,want,warn,wish3.Claim/pretend to/be sorry to/be glad to do sth./to have d

17、one4.Its known/believed that Its reported/said that It turned out that sb It seemed that It is likely that Sb.is known/believed to do sth.Sb.is known/believed to have done Sb.is likely to do sth.5.Have no alternative/option/choice but _.cant help/choose but _.can do nothing but _6.*Make/have/let sb.

18、do sth.*keep/leave/find/caught/get sb.doing/介词短语介词短语/adj.*make oneself understood/heard *have/keep/see sth.done *get+adj./done/doing7.tire,exhaust,bore,interest,disappoint,excite,discourage,surprise,amaze,astonish,startle,shock,confuse,puzzle,bewilder,relax,refresh,convince,please8.*All the people i

19、nvolved in the case were questioned.*The people invited to the party were my old friends.*The workers working in the field*The building project to be completed by the end of next month is delayed*The house being built will be our laboratory.9.*Being unable to help her in any other way,I gave her som

20、e money.*Not wanting to meet John here,he refused to attend the party.*She lay on her bed,listening to*Combined with practice,theory is easy to learn.*She hurried home,followed by two dogs.*Asked for his opinion,he would say nothing but“as you like”.*To succeed,we must work hard*We came home,only to

21、 find his house broken into/that his house had been broken into.10.*Time permitting,*Such being the case,*The weather being fine,*It being now pretty late,*There being enough money,*All things considered,*The work done,we felt relieved.Everything taken into consideration,his work is well done.*With

22、sb./sth,doing/done 11.*If left untreated,it can result in total blindness.*A tiger cant be tamed unless caught young.*Be careful when crossing the street.*I went on talking,though continually interrupted by John.1.谓语的强调谓语的强调*You know the answer You do know the answer*He is listening to music What he

23、 is doing is listening to music.*What do is do sth./to do sth.What you have done is _ a few good words for him.What youd like to do is _强调句型强调句型2.It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分 that/who*It was because that It was due to that It was because of that*It was not until that*It must have been/must be who*Was it tha

24、t*疑问词疑问词+was/is it that?倒装全部倒装全部倒装 句首状语为方位词或声色词，谓语为句首状语为方位词或声色词，谓语为come，go，run，fly等表示位置移动的动作动词，同等表示位置移动的动作动词，同时主语是名词或名词词组时，常以全部倒装的时主语是名词或名词词组时，常以全部倒装的词序出现。词序出现。Away ran the boy.Up and up went the pricesDown came the rain.There lived a king called.On the top of the hill stands a tree部分倒装部分倒装1.虚拟语气中条件

25、句省略虚拟语气中条件句省略if用倒装用倒装*Were I you,I would have helped him.*Had it not been Mr.Smith,I would have failed.2.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般用部分倒装（时，一般用部分倒装（neither，nor，little，few，seldom,least，rarely，hardly，scarcely，no sooner）*No sooner than Hardly had sb.done when did Scarcely when/before*Not

26、 untildid sb.*At no time In no case Under no circumstance 部分倒装部分倒装 In no way By no means On no account*Not only was he fond of music,but he also liked sports.*He is not a teacher,nor is his sister.*He is a teacher,so is his sister.3.So/suchthat 句型的句型的so/such位于句首时，位于句首时，通常用部分倒装通常用部分倒装*So hard did he

27、work that he*To such a degree was he disappointed that he4.句首状语为句首状语为only副词副词/介词介词/状语从句时，状语从句时，主句用部分倒装主句用部分倒装*Only in this way,is it possible to explain his action.*Only when/after he failed the exam,did he realize5.名词名词/形容词形容词/副词副词 as/though/that+主谓主谓（让步状语从句）（让步状语从句）1A Hundred Years From Now Some p

28、eople are pessimistic when they think about the future.They fear that the overgrowth of population will bring about terrible consequences.To begin with,the earth will become too crowded.Second,the natural resources will be used up at an ever-increasing rate.And finally,the problem of pollution will

29、grow worse and worse.In a word,for these people a crisis will occur sooner or later on our earth.Other people believe that man adapts very easily.Our ancestors fought against numerous difficulties and established a civilization as we have today.The present generation will certainly be able to conque

30、r any obstacles on our future road and build up an even better world.It is true that we are faced with many problems.But with the development of science and technology,nearly all of them can be solved through oneway or another.Therefore,there is no need to worry about our future.If we are to have a

31、bright future,we have to take measures now.For example,citizens should be educated to conserve natural resources.Furthermore,effective ways will have to be found to reduce pollution.But most important of all,the rapid growth of population must be slowed down.Indeed,only when we start to make efforts

32、 now,can we be sure to have a bright future.Some mistakes1.society,social;source,resource2.完整的句子，完整的句子，such as 完整的句子完整的句子.For example,完整的句子完整的句子3.person,people,human,human being4.lack5.as possible as I can6.face,confront7.As a student,we8.As college students,it is very important for us to9.concern10

33、.All what we learn11.主句主句.because Because.+主句主句12.knowledge,information,news13.as,with14.As is well-known that As we known,15.economy,economic16.Only if,17.Technology,techniques,skills18.There be19.Adapt to,adjust to20.Some,some and others21.Thank you very much for2.I really appreciate your3.Im much

34、 obliged to your 4.Its very generous/nice/kind of you to 5.Id like to show my gratitude to you for6.Im grateful to you for7.Im thankful to you for8.Ill take this chance to express my best wishes and appreciation to you9.On this special occasion,Id like/allow me to express1.wish,hope2.Respectable,res

35、pectful3.Happy,happiness,happily4.Health,healthy5.Accompany,company6.Grow up7.Proud,pride8.Fall,feel9.I still remembered that10.impress,impression,impressive11.强调句型强调句型Dear Daddy,Today is your fiftieth birthday,so allow me to take this opportunity to wish you a happy birthday.Every year on this day,

36、I am reminded of what a fathers love means to his children.Ever since I was born,I took it for granted that parents should provide three meals a day for their children.On December 16,2002,I rushed back from school with a bunch of flowers,hoping to give you a surprise,only tobe greeted with a feast a

37、nd a note on the table from Mom,saying that you came down with an illness due to overworking.All of a sudden,I came to realize what lay behind the meals you prepared for me,that is,love and sacrifice from a father.Four years have passed,but that day has encouraged me to work hard so as to live up to

38、 your expectations of me and repay your love in the future.Happy birthday,Daddy!Your daughter 3 Last week,on Labour Day,a car with 3 people in it crashed into a wall in order to avoid hitting a cyclist.It happened near a Central Plaza in the heart of the city at around e l e v e n o c l o c k i n t

39、h e e v e n i n g.Before the arrival of police and medical staff,lots of people who were passing by,gathered to get the passengers out of the seriously damaged car and offered first-aid to stop blood loss.Three minutes later,an ambulance turned up and the injuredpassengers were sent to the hospital

40、immediately.It was nearly midnight when policemen disposed of the crashed car.Thanks to the help of warm-hearted passers-by,the wounded people were rescued.Such kindness and help towards injured strangers is commendable in a society where many people seem only to care about themselves.Therefore,the

41、whole event sets a g o o d e x a m p l e f o r a l l o f u s.1.There was a traffic accident happened1.There are a lot of people come around him.2.On my way to home,3.After twenty minutes later,4.Encounter,come across,witness5.Happen,occur,take place6.Blood,bleed7.Injure,wound,hurt8.Crash,knock,hit，c

42、ollide9.When I was by bus to go home10.Lie 11.around,surround12.cross,across,crossing13.people,person14.The passers-by,the people passing by4 Plastic bags have found their way into a wide area of everyday life.They are applied in big supermarkets,ordinary shops,small stores and street markets.People

43、 put everything they buy in plastic bags.They no longer need to carry cloth bags in plastic bags,leather bags,or baskets with them when they go shopping.Obviously peoples everyday life is made convenient thanks to the introduction of plastic bags.Whats more,they are also very cheap and most of the t

44、ime they areoffered free of charge.However,plastic bags also bring us much trouble.Some people throw away plastic bags casually.This causes the“white”pollution to our environment,which is very serious because plastic bags do not break down by natural decomposition.This is certainly not beneficial to

45、 our future.People have to be very careful with the use of plastic bags.They should make sure they put the used plastic bags into the dustbin when they want to dispose of them.And finally,it might be better for people to use the traditional cloth bags to hold the goods they buy instead of using plas

46、tic bags.1.shortage,shortcomings2.break down,decompose,dissolve3.replace,instead of 4.Solve,solution5.neednt 6.because,because of7.As we know,As is known to all,8.a variety of,various9.convenient,environment 10.pack,contain,hold11.use,usage,be used to do,be used to doing12.produce,product,production

47、13.study,research5 Different people have different ways of choosing friends.Some people choose friends who are similar to them.They always share the same hobby,similar point of view and common interests,etc.It makes it easier for them to communicate and achieve mutual understanding.This type of frie

48、nd is a mirror to oneself that reflects ones own image and thoughts.Others choose friends who are quite different from themselves.They believe such friends will open a new world for them.Different hobbies,topics,interests will certainly broaden ones visionand lead one to different experience.From fr

49、iends of different types,one may find out his or her own shortcomings and learn from his or her friends.One may have a lot of fun with friends who are similar to him.Nevertheless,one can enjoy a new life with and learn a lot from a friend who is different.Thats why I prefer friends who are different

50、 from myself.1.somebody,someone,some,others2.Someone like to make friends who are similar with themselves.3.Someone feel like to make friends who are different with them.4.No matter they are similar or different with me,5.Some other person like making friends who completely different from their.6.So