(精品)英国国家概况-CelticLanguages&The.ppt

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1、TheThe Celtic Celtic LanguagesLanguagesCeltsCelts Celts,a people Celts,a people who dominated who dominated much of western much of western and central Europe and central Europe in the 1st in the 1st millennium BC,millennium BC,giving their giving their language,customs,language,customs,and religion

2、 to the and religion to the other peoples of other peoples of that areathat areaCeltsCeltsThe early inhabitants of England were The early inhabitants of England were brythonsbrythons,a branch of,a branch of CeltsCelts,from,from whom the island got its name of whom the island got its name of Britain.

3、Britain.The Celts were a primitive people living The Celts were a primitive people living in the tribal societyin the tribal society The Celtic languages are part of a group The Celtic languages are part of a group called the called the ItaloItalo-Celtic branch of the Indo-Celtic branch of the Indo-

4、European family of languages,which arose European family of languages,which arose somewhere in Eastern Europe.There is somewhere in Eastern Europe.There is nono oneone also originating in Europe and also originating in Europe and include German English,Dutch,etc.include German English,Dutch,etc.Celt

5、ic refers to a group of dozens of Celtic refers to a group of dozens of languages six of which are spoken today:languages six of which are spoken today:BretonBreton，CornishCornish，Irish Irish，GaelicGaelic，ManxManxScottishScottish，GaelicGaelic，WelshWelshCeltic languagesOf all the traditional language

6、s Of all the traditional languages spoken in the UK today,the earliest spoken in the UK today,the earliest language,the Celtic,from which Irish language,the Celtic,from which Irish,welsh and Scottish Gaelic have,welsh and Scottish Gaelic have developed,of these,developed,of these,welshwelsh closely

7、closely tied to the cultural nationalism of tied to the cultural nationalism of Wales,is the strongest,today,about Wales,is the strongest,today,about one fifth of the total population of one fifth of the total population of Wales,especially in the north and Wales,especially in the north and west,are

8、 able to speak it.west,are able to speak it.Can the Celtic languages survive?Can the Celtic languages survive?At one time,English law prevented At one time,English law prevented Welsh being spoken at schools and if you Welsh being spoken at schools and if you spoke Welsh you had to wear a small spok

9、e Welsh you had to wear a small wooden plank and the one got to wear it last wooden plank and the one got to wear it last of the school day got beaten by a cane.But of the school day got beaten by a cane.But since the 80s the since the 80s the Welsh LanguageWelsh Language is being is being learned a

10、t schools.Some jobs are advertised learned at schools.Some jobs are advertised in Welsh to increase the Welsh speaking in Welsh to increase the Welsh speaking work forcework force.Characters of the EnglishHe secretly looks down on more He secretly looks down on more excitable nations,and likes to th

11、ink of excitable nations,and likes to think of himself as more reliable than them.himself as more reliable than them.He doesnt trust big promises and He doesnt trust big promises and open shows of feelings.open shows of feelings.To those who are fond of flowery To those who are fond of flowery expre

12、ssions,the Englishman may expressions,the Englishman may appear uncomfortably cold.appear uncomfortably cold.What a typical Englishman think?In your mind,what is an English like?conservativegentleself-conceitedcoldpolitepracticalsportsman shiphumorousTypical English characterreservedmodesthumoroussp

13、ortsmanshipconservative1The best-known quality of the English is being reserved.1th reservedreserved:adj.(of a person or his character)slow to show feelings or express opinions,disposition,manner,etc.寡言的；矜持的；寡言的；矜持的；reserved reservedQuality of the British,and in particular of the English,is“reserved

14、.”A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers,does not show much emotion,and seldom gets excited.It is difficult to get to know a reserved person:he never tells you anything about himself,and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives,how many children

15、he has,and what his interests are.English people tend to be like that.Reserved Person Reserved PersonThe English seem to be quiet most of the time.When making a journey,they may try their best to find an empty seat or compartment.However,they are really human and pleased when other people succeed in

16、 breaking the silence.2th 2th modest modest2Within their hearts,the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else,but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty.Modest：Adj.谦虚的，谦逊的，谦恭的谦虚的，谦逊的，谦恭的 modestymodestyIf a person is very good at tennis and If a person is v

17、ery good at tennis and someone asks him if he is a good player,someone asks him if he is a good player,he will seldom reply“Yes,”because people he will seldom reply“Yes,”because people will think him conceited.He will probably will think him conceited.He will probably give an answer like,“Im not bad

18、,”or“Well,give an answer like,“Im not bad,”or“Well,Im very keen on tennis.”Even if he had Im very keen on tennis.”Even if he had managed to reach the finals in last years managed to reach the finals in last years local championships,he would say it in local championships,he would say it in such a wa

19、y as to suggest that it was only such a way as to suggest that it was only due to a piece of good luck.due to a piece of good luck.“Im not bad.”“Well,Im very fond of it.”I know the trouble I am causing you,but would you mind?I dont really like to ask you,but。3The conservativeness of the English is f

20、amous all over the world.However,the English never think it is improper.Conservative:Adj.守旧的，保守的守旧的，保守的 3thconservativeThe conservativeness ofthe EnglishThe English does not use metric system which works as a common criterion in the world,instead,they use mile.England is one of the few countries who

21、 still keeps the monarchy.the English refused to use central heating,they prefer fireplace and electric stove.4th Humorous4The sense of humor is highly valued in England.Its starting-point is self-dispraise,and its great enemy is conceit.Its object is the ability to laugh at oneself-at ones own faul

22、ts,ones own failure,even at ones own ideals.HumorHumorThe famous English sense of humor is similar.The famous English sense of humor is similar.Its starting-point is self-deprecation,and its Its starting-point is self-deprecation,and its great enemy is conceit.Its object is the ability to great enem

23、y is conceit.Its object is the ability to laugh at oneself-at ones own faults,ones laugh at oneself-at ones own faults,ones own failure,even at ones own criticism,“He own failure,even at ones own criticism,“He has no sense of humor”is very commonly has no sense of humor”is very commonly heard in Bri

24、tain,where humor is highly prized.A heard in Britain,where humor is highly prized.A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes.This attitude the mere ability to laugh at jokes.This attitude is never cruel or

25、disrespectful or maliciousis never cruel or disrespectful or malicious .The.The English do not laugh at a cripple of a madman,English do not laugh at a cripple of a madman,or a tragedy or an honorable failure.or a tragedy or an honorable failure.The classic British comedy Name:Name:Mr.BeanMr.Bean Ma

26、in Actor:Main Actor:Rowan AtkinsonRowan Atkinson罗温艾金森 English humorEnglish humorA man asked for a meal in A man asked for a meal in a restaurant.The waiter a restaurant.The waiter brought the food and put it brought the food and put it on the table.After a on the table.After a moment,the man called

27、moment,the man called the waiter and said:the waiter and said:-Waiter!Waiter!Theres Waiter!Waiter!Theres a fly in my soup!a fly in my soup!-Please dont speak so Please dont speak so loudly,sir,said the waiter,loudly,sir,said the waiter,or everyone will want or everyone will want one.one.English Humo

28、rEnglish Humor English HumorEnglish Humor English Humor English Humor English HumorEnglish Humor5thsportsmanship5Like a sense of humor,this is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to.sportsmanship：n.运动精神运动精神Boxing,rugby,soccer,hockey,tennis and cricket were all first organized and given

29、 rules in Britain.“straight from the shoulder”is used to describe a well-aimed,strong criticism“below the belt”is used to describe an unfair criticismOne of the most elementary rules of life is“never hit a man when hes down”Sportsmanship sportsmanshipsportsmanshipIt must be realized that sport in th

30、is It must be realized that sport in this modern form is almost entirely a British modern form is almost entirely a British invention.Rules are the essence of sport,invention.Rules are the essence of sport,and sportsmanship is the ability to and sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport accor

31、ding to its rules,practice a sport according to its rules,while also showing generosity to onewhile also showing generosity to ones s opponent and good temper in defeat.The opponent and good temper in defeat.The high pressure of modern international high pressure of modern international sport makes

32、these ideals difficult to sport makes these ideals difficult to keep,but they are at least highly valued keep,but they are at least highly valued in Britain and are certainly achieved in Britain and are certainly achieved there more commonly than among more there more commonly than among more excita

33、ble peoples.excitable peoples.Customs of Customs of EnglishEnglishBritish conservative,cold,humility,humor,do not like British conservative,cold,humility,humor,do not like to boast,but do not like the others find out their private to boast,but do not like the others find out their private affairs.Br

34、itish most about the weather is the eternal affairs.British most about the weather is the eternal topictopicPeople dating each other about a week in advance,People dating each other about a week in advance,usually a good first contact by phone.The British used usually a good first contact by phone.T

35、he British used to have their orderly arrangement and easily upset if to have their orderly arrangement and easily upset if change plans,easily quit date is not respeced and change plans,easily quit date is not respeced and rude personrude person.British guest house,early is considered impolite,be B

36、ritish guest house,early is considered impolite,be punctual for appointments,1 hour after the meal is the punctual for appointments,1 hour after the meal is the best way to say goodbye.Attending the appointment,best way to say goodbye.Attending the appointment,do not foget to bring some gifts for the hostess.do not foget to bring some gifts for the hostess.The end