Shakespeare[1](精品).ppt

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1、W.ShakespeareW.Shakespeare威廉威廉威廉威廉 莎士比亚莎士比亚莎士比亚莎士比亚dramatist,man of theatre,and poetHe was born on 23 April 1564 and died on 23 April 1616.His birthday is traditionally celebrated on 23,April,which is the date of his death.CommentsbytheContemporarieso1.EdmondSpenser,RobertGreeneoTheriseandsuccessof“

2、anupstartcrow”(用美丽的羽毛装饰起来的狂妄自大的乌鸦)o2.FrancisMeres:oneoftheleadingfiguresofthetimeand“themostexcellent”inbothcomedyandtragedyComments by the ContemporariesA handsome,well-shaped man,very good company（同伴，朋友）（同伴，朋友）,and of a very ready（敏捷的）（敏捷的）and pleasant smooth（平和的）（平和的）wit（大智）（大智）The“gentle（文雅的）（文雅

3、的）Shakespeare”,“gentle Will”William ShakespeareNo one has ever excelled Shakespeare in the writing of dramatic poetry,no one has challenged his mastery of dramatic form,his depth of characterization,his versatility in plot,theme and expression.-G.L.Evans One of the most remarkable playwrights and po

4、ets in the world.His greatness depends on his penetrating exposition of human nature,lively paintings of human life and truthful reflections of human reality.He is famous for his character portrayal and plot construction.He is a master of English language.He exerts a great influence on the writers a

5、fter him.Literary periodsPeriodWorksCharacteristicsThe first periodHistorical plays and comediesOptimistic atmosphere,apprenticeship(学徒期）学徒期）The second periodGreat tragedies and mature historical playsHighly individualized style and approachThe third periodGreat tragediesHeavy tragic note and reflec

6、tion of social unrestThe fourth periodRomantic tragicomediesOptimistic faith in the future of humanityRepresentative works History:Henry IV(1-2)TheGreatComedies Mid-summer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦 The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 十二夜TheGreatTragedies:Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Othello 奥赛罗 King

7、Lear李尔王 MacBeth麦克白 Hamlet Hamlet as a Character-prince of Denmark and heir to the throne-a university student with the most progressive ideal of humanismHis praise of man and human nature is a manifestation against the supernatural power/divinity(scene ii,act 2);He is well aware of the evil of the t

8、ime and enlists all kinds of social injustice and evils in the society.In his monologue he enlists all kinds of social injustice and evils in the society.Main Characters PrinceHamlet,thetitlecharacter,isthesonofthelateKingofDenmark,whowasalsonamedHamlet.HeisastudentataschoolinWittenburg.Heischargedb

9、ytheghostofhisfathertoavengehismurder,whichhefinallysucceedsindoing,buthehimselfhasbeenmortallyedwithapoisonedrapier(短剑）byLaertes.ClaudiusisthecurrentKingofDenmark,Hamletsuncle,whosucceededtothethroneuponthedeathofhisbrother.ClaudiusiskilledwithapoisonedrapierbyHamlet.KingHamlet(referredtointhestage

10、directionsasGhost)wasHamletsfather.Atthestartoftheplay,heisnotlongdead.HeappearstoHamletasaghostandurgeshimtoavengehismurder.KingHamletwaskilledbypoisonemptiedintooneofhisears.Main CharactersGertrudeisHamletsmother,thewidowofKingHamletwhobecamethewifeofClaudius,arelationshipconsideredincestuousinSha

11、kespearestime.ShediesbyaccidentallydrinkingpoisonedwineintendedforHamlet.OpheliaisPoloniusdaughter.SheandHamlethavehadromanticfeelingsforeachother,althoughthey(atleastimplicitly)havebeenwarnedthatitwouldbepoliticallyinexpedient(不适当的）forthemtomarry.shedrownsherselfinabrook(小溪）.LaertesisPoloniussson,w

12、hodeeplycaresforOphelia,hissister,andspendsmuchoftheplayinFrance.hekillsHamletwithapoisonedrapiertoavengethedeathsofPoloniusandOphelia.Hamletkillshimwiththesamerapier,althoughatthetimeHamletdidnotrealiseitwaspoisoned.The Story:Act I:HoratioandtwoothersareonwatchatthecastleofElsinore.Theyseeanapparit

13、ionresemblingthelateKingofDenmark.Thespectercannotbepersuadedtospeak.Itvanishesatcockcrow.Hamletgrievesoverhismothersspeedyre-marriage.Heistoldoftheghost.TheghostleadsHamletaway,tellshimhowhewasmurdered,andaskshimtorevenge.III.The Story:Act II:Poloniusdirectssomeonetolookintohissonsprivatelife.Ophel

14、iacomesandreportsaboutHamletssymptomsofmadness.PoloniusdecidesthatHamletismadforloveofOpheliaandhurriesherofftoreportthemattertotheKing.ClaudiusandGertrudeaskRosencrantzandGuildensterntoobserveHamletanddeterminethecauseofhis“anticdisposition.”HamletsuspectsthatRandGareClaudiusspies.Hearrangesforacom

15、panyofplayerstoperformThe Murder of Gonzago.III.The Story:Act III:OpheliawalkswhereHamletwillseeher.Hamletenters,greetsOphelia,butthenrailsagainstwomen.HeinsultsPoloniusandurgesOpheliatoenteranunnery（修道院）.HamletinstructstheplayersandsetsHoratiotowatchtheKingsreactiontotheplay.HehimselfsitsbyOpheliaa

16、ndjestswithher.Claudiusleavesduringapantomime.（哑剧）HefacesGertrudeinherchamber.Hiswildmannermakeshercryoutforsafety,andheroutcrymakestheeavesdroppingPoloniuscallforhelp.HamletkillsPoloniuswithathrustthroughthearras.（挂毯）ClaudiusgivesordersthatHamletbesenttoEngland.III.The Story:Act IV:TheQueenhearsofO

17、pheliasdistractedbehavior.Laerteshasheardofhisfathersdeathandhascomebackforrevenge.TheKingcalmsLaertes.ClaudiusandLaertesplantokillHamletinafencing(击剑）matchbyapoisonedrapierandapoisoneddrink.GertrudecomestoreportthedrowningofOphelia.III.The Story:Act V:HamletandHoratiocomeupontworusticsdiggingagrave

18、.AfuneralpartyentersandHamletdiscoversthatthecorpseisthatofOphelia.Thefencingmatchstarts.Hamletscorestwohits.Gertrudedrinkstohishealthfromthepoisonedcup.LaertespricksHamletwiththepoisonedrapier.TheirweaponsareexchangedandLaertesisfatallywounded.Gertrudedies.HamletleapsatClaudiusandrunshimthrough.Fin

19、allyHamletinsiststhatHoratioliveontotellthewholestory.Famous Lines:“Frailty,thynameiswoman.”-Hamletinsoliloquy“Whatapieceofworkisaman,hownobleinreason,howinfiniteinfaculties,informandmovinghowexpressandadmirable,inactionhowlikeanangel,inapprehensionhowlikeagod:thebeautyoftheworld,theparagon（模范）ofani

20、malsandyet,tome,whatisthisquintessenceofdust?”mandelightsnotme:no,norwomanneither,thoughbyyoursmilingyouseemtosayso.-HamlettoRandGFamous Lines:Famous Lines:To be,or not to be:that is the question:To be,or not to be:that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferWhether tis nobler in th

21、e mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?To die:to sleep;And by opposing end them?To die:to sleep;No more;and by a sleep to say

22、we endNo more;and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocksThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to,tis a consummationThat flesh is heir to,tis a consummationDevoutly to be Devoutly to be wishdwishd.To die,to sleep;.To die,to sleep;To sleep:per

23、chance to dream:ay,theres the rub;To sleep:perchance to dream:ay,theres the rub;For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeFor in that sleep of death what dreams may comeWhen we have shuffled off this mortal coil,When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause:theres the respectMus

24、t give us pause:theres the respectThat makes calamity of so long life;That makes calamity of so long life;For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressors wrong,the proud mans contumely,The oppressors wrong,the proud mans contumely,The pa

25、ngs of disprizedThe pangs of disprized love,the laws delay,love,the laws delay,The insolence of office and the spurnsThe insolence of office and the spurnsThat patient merit of the unworthy takes,That patient merit of the unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus makeWhen he himself might his

26、 quietus makeWith a bare bodkin?who would With a bare bodkin?who would fardelsfardels bear,bear,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,To grunt and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death,But that the dread of something after death,The The undiscoverdundiscoverd country f

27、rom whose bourn country from whose bournNo No travellertraveller returns,puzzles the will returns,puzzles the willAnd makes us rather bear those ills we haveAnd makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?Than fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience does m

28、ake cowards of us all;Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;And thus the native hue of resolutionAnd thus the native hue of resolutionIs Is sickliedsicklied oer with the pale cast of thought,oer with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentAnd enterprises of great pit

29、ch and momentWith this regard their currents turn awry,With this regard their currents turn awry,And lose the name of action.And lose the name of action.“感谢上天，今日活着的是我，痛着的也是我，如果叫荷西来忍受这一分又一分钟的长夜，那我是万万不肯的。幸好这些都没有轮到他，要是他像我这样的活下去，那么我拚了命也要跟上帝争了回来换他。”我仍是要说“为了爱的缘故，这永别的苦杯，还是让我来喝下吧！”三毛不死鸟论死亡“生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为

30、苟得也。”孟子“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛。”司马迁“与死亡俱来的一切，比死亡更骇人”。呻吟与痉挛，变色的面目，朋友哭泣，墨绖及葬仪，诸如此类都显得死的可怕。值得注意者，是人心内的各种感情，无论多么薄弱，没有一种是不能克服对死亡的恐怖的；既然一个人身旁有这样多的侍从，都能打败死亡，可见死亡不算是那样可怕的敌人了。复仇之心胜过死亡；爱恋之心蔑视之；荣誉之心希冀之；忧伤之心奔赴之；恐怖之心先期之；培根论死亡 Discussion:lIsHamletmadornotmad?lWhatkindofmanisHamlet?The Character of HamletTheweaknessinh

31、ischaracter:o hisloveandhatredforhismother(OedipusComplex)o melancholy:notbrightenedupevenwithlove,lackpassiono hesitation:ahabitoftoomuchthought,delayedaction,idealismThe Character of Hamlet1.Hamletisahumanist,amanwhoisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions.Hehasanunboundedlovefortheworldinstea

32、doftheheaven.“大地，这一幅大好的框架，大地，这一幅大好的框架，天空，这一顶记号的华盖，天空，这一顶记号的华盖，这一高悬在头顶的壮丽的苍天这一高悬在头顶的壮丽的苍天”The Character of Hamlet2.Startingfromhishumanistloveofman,heturnstothosearoundhimwiththesameeagerness.Helovesgoodandhatesevil.Hisdemocratictendencyisbasedonhishumanistthought.The Character of Hamlet3.Hisintellec

33、tualgeniusisoutstanding.Heisacloseobserverofmenandmanners.“Denmarkisaprison.”The Character of Hamlet not a mere scholar;meditative(thoughtful);genius;accomplished(talented);far-reaching(深远的，广泛的深远的，广泛的)；sparkling(才华横溢的才华横溢的)He is a scholar,soldier and statesman.His image reflects the versatility of t

34、he men of the Renaissance.Themes of his worksThe Great Comedies He sang of their youth,love ideal of happiness.The victory of their humanist ideal is inevitable,though it is to be got only after severe struggle against all obstacles.The heroes and heroines fight against destiny itself and control an

35、d guide their own fate according to their own free will,who trust in themselves and their efforts are put a happy finishing with success.The great spirit is optimism.Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitudes towards love and youth,and the romantic elements are brought into full play.Themes of his wo

36、rksThe Great Tragedies In Shakespeares tragedies,he exposes social contradictions of the time.Each portrays some noble hero,who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.Each has his weakness of natu

37、re.Themes of his worksThe Mature Histories Shakespeares histories show the horrors of civil war,the responsibility of an effective ruler,and the importance legitimate succession to the throne.The principle idea of these plays is the necessity for national unity under one king.In other words,national

38、 unity is very important and necessary under a mighty and just leadership.Shakespeares Achievements Shakespeareisoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature.Shakespearesdramaticcreationoftenusedthemethodofadaptation.Shakespearewasskilledinmanypoeticforms:theSong,thesonnet,thecouplet,andthedramaticblankverse.ShakespearewasagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.