(精品)定语从句2.ppt

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1、1.1983Thedoctor_isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenursistalkingtoD.Whothenurseistalking2.1985Hedidntknowwhichroom_.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein3.1992Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.ThatB.whoC.fromwhom

2、D.towhom一一.介词加关系代词介词加关系代词注意注意1.含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词whom,which前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，其在从句中作宾语的引导词其在从句中作宾语的引导词who,whom,that,which可省。可省。但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，如，如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等。等。例：例：Thebabies(who/whom)thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhap

3、py.2.where=at/in/to+whichwhen=at/in/on/during+whichwhy=forwhich例：例：Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.Theystoodatthewindow,fromwheretheycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.whosebook=thebookofwhich=ofwhichthebook二二.在下列情况下只用在下列情况下只用that，不用，不用which先行词是先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,mu

4、ch,theone等不定代词时等不定代词时Thereisnothing(that)Icando.Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时等词修饰时Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.Th

5、isisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery(正是正是,恰是恰是),thesame,thelast修饰时修饰时Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthehospital.ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.当先行词有两个或两个以上时当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物既有人又有物,定语定语从句用从句用

6、that引导引导(that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.that不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句that不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用不能置于介词之后（介词后指物用which,指人用指人用whom）关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时,或先行在主句中作表语或先行在主句中作表语Whatgreatchanges!Itisnotthecity(that)itwastenyearsago.2.mostof+which/whom引导的定语从句属非限定性

7、引导的定语从句属非限定性定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，除除most外，外，还有还有many,some,any,all,none,several,few,both,half,themajority,anumber,theyoungest,three(数词数词)infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof,atthebottomof,onthetopof,atthefootof+which等。等。例：例：Heworksinamiddleschool,infrontofwhichthereisariver.1.无关系代词无关系代词t

8、hat,只有只有whichwhowhom三在非限制性定语从句中三在非限制性定语从句中.在非限制性定语从句中的在非限制性定语从句中的as,which1).thesameas,suchas,soas,asas等等结构中结构中,只用只用asThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfatherspupils.2).as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之

9、中如：1ashasbeensaidbefore 如上所述如上所述2asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样正如可以想象出来的那样3asiswellknown众所周知众所周知4aswasexpected正如预料的那样正如预料的那样5ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的那样6asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样正如我们都会看到的那样3).as替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而而which只能放句末。只能放句末。Themandiedlastnight,whichisalie.四四.定语从句中的主谓

10、一致定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。例如：例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代指代sentences,谓语动词用谓语动词用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代指代I,谓语用谓语用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代指代thestudents)他是被表扬的学生之一。他是被表扬的学

11、生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指指theonlyone)他是唯一被表扬的学生。他是唯一被表扬的学生。五五.易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如如fact,news,belief

12、,truth,reply等。等。that在定语从句中在定语从句中作成分，可用作成分，可用which或或who/whom代替；而代替；而that在同位在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：试比较：Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，同位语从句，that从句表示从句表示news的内容，的内容，that在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分)Wedontbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定语从句，定语从句，that作作told的宾语的宾语

13、)2.定语从句与状语从句。定语从句与状语从句。试比较：试比较：Heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰theplace)Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句引导定语从句)Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句引导

14、结果状语从句,suchthat“如此如此以致以致”)3定语从句与主语从句。定语从句与主语从句。试比较：试比较：Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句)4定语从句与强调结构定语从句与强调结构。试比较：。试比较：ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引导定语从句

15、，修饰引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语在定语从句中作地点状语从句中作地点状语)ItwasinthehousethatImettheyoungman.(本句为强调结构，可还原为本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)1.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichCtheoneDatwhich3.Thebook,thecover

16、_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich4.ThisisMrSmith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x5.Who_hasseentheTVfilmdoesntadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas分析：先行词是分析：先行词是who，到是指人，可为了避免重复，到是指人，可为了避免重复，不用不用who，而用能指代，而用能指代人的人的that。答案是。答案是A。7.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.w

17、henBthatCwhichDinwhich分析：答案是分析：答案是B。这里的。这里的time不指时间，而是次数。不指时间，而是次数。且先行词且先行词time被被thelast所修饰所修饰,所以用所以用that引导。引导。8.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9._haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend.A.ThosewhoB.HewhoC.ThatwhoD.Youwho10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlas

18、tweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where6.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated注：注：havetrouble(difficult)doingsth六六.定语从句可缩略为短语：定语从句可缩略为短语：1、缩略为分词短语缩略为分词短语有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词（关系代词（who,which,例如：例如：

19、1)Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.(IME2)Theboyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.(ib).3)Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.(ib)4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.(NEC)语小说。语小说。有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略为这类定语从句一般缩

20、略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。例如：例如：5)ThemanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparkingThemanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.6)Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.Bill,havingtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.7)Now,however,thefurniturewhichtheyar

21、ecarryingdowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.Now,however,thefurniturebeingcarrieddowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.2、缩略为形容词短语、缩略为形容词短语若定词从句为主体表结构，且表语由形容短词充当，若定词从句为主体表结构，且表语由形容短词充当，可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词，从而使可直接略去作主词的关系代词和连系动词，从而使定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。定词从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。例如：例如：1)Themen(whowere)responsiblefortheadministrati

22、onoftheschoolrefusedtoconsiderthematter.2).WesaidgoodbyetoMrs.Long,(whowas)stillbusyatherchores.3).Thepuppy,(whichwas)tooexcitedtobecalmed,barkedfuriously.3缩略为名词短语缩略为名词短语由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语。主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语。例如：例如：1）Thecompanycommander,(whowas)Captai

23、nMadison,assembledhismenandannouncedtheirmission.连长连长,墨迪逊上尉墨迪逊上尉,把战士们集合起来宣布他们的把战士们集合起来宣布他们的战斗任务。战斗任务。2）YoushouldhaveatalkwithMr.Worth,(whois)theadvisertostudents.你应该和沃斯先生你应该和沃斯先生-学生顾问谈一谈。学生顾问谈一谈。3)WefinallyreachedRio,(whichwas)theendorourjourney.4缩略为介词短语缩略为介词短语若定语从句为主系表句型，且表语为介语短语，可略去若定语从句为主系表句型，且表语

24、为介语短语，可略去主语关系代词和连系动词，使之缩略为介词短语作主语关系代词和连系动词，使之缩略为介词短语作后置定语。后置定语。此外，若定语从句中含此外，若定语从句中含“有有”动词（动词（has,have,had），），用介词用介词with/without取替定语从句中主语关系代词取替定语从句中主语关系代词和和“有有”动词，使定语从句缩略为介词动词，使定语从句缩略为介词with/without短语作后置定语。短语作后置定语。With适用于肯定的定语从句；适用于肯定的定语从句；without适用于否定的定语从句。适用于否定的定语从句。例如例如:Hespoketothegirl(whowas)fro

25、mNewYork例如：例如：1).Thecompanywantsmenwhohaveexperience.Thecompanywantsmenwithexperience.2）Myfatherwentuptothewomanwhohadabookunderherarm.Myfatherwentuptothewomenwithabookunderherarm.3）Theteacherwaslookingforarulethatdidnothaveanexception.Theteacherwaslookingforarulewithoutanexception.5、缩略为动词不定式短词、缩略为动

26、词不定式短词某些含情态动词或助动词的定语从句可缩略为动词某些含情态动词或助动词的定语从句可缩略为动词不定式短语作后置定语。不定式短语作后置定语。例如：例如：1）Youneedsomeonewhocanlookafteryou.2)Thewayyoushouldstartthemachineistopressthebutton.3)Therearestillmanyobstaclesthatmustbeovercome.4)Thequestionwhichwillbediscussedtomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.5)Thereareplentyoftoyswithwhichthechildrencanplay.