主谓一致 (2)(精品).ppt

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1、Subjectverb Agreement主主 谓谓 一一 致致GrammarThe team _ some good players.(have)The team _ handsome.(be)hasareWarming-upThe group _ made up of nine students.(be)The group _ dancing happily.(be)isareThe singer and dancer _ on the stage.(be)isA knife and fork _ used to have meals.(be)is主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语在

2、人称和数上必须和是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。汉语区别很大的地方。二、二、意义一致意义一致三、三、就近一致就近一致一、一、语法一致语法一致Subjectverb Agreement 主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：Explanation主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：例如：I of

3、ten help him and he often helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致一、语法一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；语动词用复数；e.g.The crowd were surrounding the government official.人

4、群包围了这位政府官员。人群包围了这位政府官员。主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。e.g.Maths is hard to learn.数学难学。数学难学。二、意义一致二、意义一致就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。决于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。三、就近原则三、就近原则1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代2.词作主语时，谓语动词

5、有以下三种情词作主语时，谓语动词有以下三种情3.况：况：(1)and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或连接两个或两个以上不同的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：例如：He and I _both students of this school.我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。Time and tide _ for no man.岁月不待人。岁月不待人。注意的规则注意的规则arewaitRulesA.表整体概念的并列结构：表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter iron and steelB.配套事物：配套事物：a knife an

6、d fork a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork _on the desk.(2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构 是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词后面的名词 前不加冠词。前不加冠词。is（3）连接的并列主语被）连接的并列主语被each,every，many a 或或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl in the class _

7、 diligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。注意注意：each of+复数代词复数代词,谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数。数。Each of us _ something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。我们每个人都有些话要说。ishas2.主语后面带有主语后面带有with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but 等引导的短语等引导的短语 时，谓语动词必须时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人与前面的主语在人 称和数上保持一致。称和数上保持一致。例如：例

8、如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the garden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。老师和同学们正在花园里种树。is3.如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或形式或 主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What he is doing _ very important.他正在做什么看起来很重要。他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people_ my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。为人民服务是我最大的幸福。is seems 4

9、.不定代词不定代词all,some,any,none等等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。vAll the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。vAll the apple _ rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。vNone of us are/is perfect.人无完人。人无完人。vNone of the money _left.一点钱也没剩下。一点钱也没剩下。i

10、sis5.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。用单数。Someone is calling you.有人叫你。有人叫你。Nothing is found in the room.在屋里找不到什么东西。在屋里找不到什么东西。6.名词如名词如people，cattle，police，trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用等作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数；而；而形复形复义单义单的名词如的名词如news;以以-ics结尾的学科名结尾的学科名称如称如physics,politics,国名如国名如the Uni

11、ted States;报纸名如报纸名如the New Times;书名如书名如Great Expectations(远大前程远大前程)作主作主语时，谓语动词用单数。语时，谓语动词用单数。如：如：vThe scissors _ sharp.vNo news _ good news.vGreat Expectations _written by Charles Dickens in 1860.areiswas7.集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体时用时用单数单数，强调整体中的，强调

12、整体中的个体个体 的用的用复数复数。这类名词有。这类名词有 family,class,army,crowd,team,group等。等。vHis family _going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。vHis family _ all music lovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。他们全家都是音乐爱好者。isare8.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有 means,deer,sheep,fish等。等。如：如：Not every means is useful.并非每种方法都有效

13、。并非每种方法都有效。Not all means are useful.并非所有的方法都有效。并非所有的方法都有效。9.表示一类人的表示一类人的“the+形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a.The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.b.The lost _been found.have10.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词 作主语时，通常被看作整体，其谓语作主语时，通常被看作整体，其谓语 动词常用单数。如：动词常用单数。如：a.Ten years

14、 is not a long time.10年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。b.Two hours _enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。is11.the rest of,half of,majority of,part of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,百分制以及分数词等作主语时，谓语百分制以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。近原则。如：如：A part of the students _ arr

15、ived.部分学生已到了。部分学生已到了。A part of the apple _been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。havehas12.在表存在的在表存在的there be 句式中，主语是句式中，主语是 两个或多个并列名词（短语），两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的的 形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持 一致。（一致。（here）There _ a pen,two pencils and several books on the desk.=There _ two pencils,a pen

16、and several books on the desk.=There_ several books,a pen and two pencils on the desk.isareare13.用连词用连词 or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also，notbut等连接并列主等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。a.Neither you nor I _wrong.Neither I nor you _ wrong.b.Not only the students but also the teacher en

17、joys listening to the music.Not only the teacher but also the students _listening to the music.amareenjoyChoose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.1.Our family _(is/are)not poor any more.2.He has to worry.His family _(is/are)waiting for him.3.The class _(is/are)more than forty

18、 in number.4.The class _(have/has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.isareishave5.Not only you but also he _(is/are)wrong.6.Neither you nor he _(is/are)right.7.There _(is/are)two shops and a cinema beside the railway station.8.Here _(is/are)a map and a handbook f

19、or you.isisareis1.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.A.keep B.kept C.keeps D.have kept单选单选3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has4.All but one _ in the accident A.w

20、as killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed 5.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.was6.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known7.When and where to build the new factory _.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D

21、.have not decided8.A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered9.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A.is B.are C.am D.be10.A woman with some children _ soon A.is coming B.are coming C.has come D.have come11.No one except my parents _ anything about this.A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known12.The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading