Prevention and control of occupational health hazards.ppt

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1、Prevention and control of occupational health hazards ByDr.Ali,A.El hawary Occupational Health DepartmentGeneral Directorate of Preventive HealthMinistry of Health Associate Prof.Of Occupational Medicine&EnvironmentZagazig Faculty Of Medicine,Egypt11_ry preventionAim:reducing the risk of disease or

2、hazard by reducingreducing the risk of disease or hazard by reducingthe magnitude of exposure to hazardous substancesthe magnitude of exposure to hazardous substances i.e.exposure dose reducei.e.exposure dose reduce reduce adverse health consequencesreduce adverse health consequences2How to be done?

3、1-Engineering controls:Eliminating toxic chemicals.Eliminating toxic chemicals.Substitution Substitution of of hazardous hazardous substance substance with with a a safer one.safer one.Enclosure Enclosure of of work work processes processes or or confining confining work work operations.operations.S

4、pecial Special ventilation ventilation of of equipment equipment or or special special ventilation of processes that liberate hazards.ventilation of processes that liberate hazards.3.gloves,gloves,safety safety goggles goggles,helmets,helmets,safety,safety shoes,shoes,protective protective clothing

5、and respirators.clothing and respirators.To be effective,PPE must be To be effective,PPE must be -Individual selected -Individual selected -Properly fitted -Properly fitted -Periodically refitted -Periodically refitted -Properly worn and conscientiously -Properly worn and conscientiously -Regularly

6、maintained and replaced as necessary.-Regularly maintained and replaced as necessary.3-3-Rotation of workers4-Prohibiting eating,drinking,smoking,chewing tobacco,or gum and applying cosmetics in regular areas.4II)Hygienic prevention1-Use of personal protective equipments(PPE)2-Rotation of workers3-P

7、rohibiting eating,drinking,smoking,chewing tobacco,or gum and applying cosmetics in regular areas.4-Labor legislation as:work and rest hours,setting rules for employment women and children and investigation for detection of the cause of workers absenteeism.52-ry preventionAim:Early identification of

8、 health problemsEarly identification of health problems more favorable out come more favorable out comeAccomplished Accomplished by by identifying identifying health health problems problems before they become clinically apparentbefore they become clinically apparent i.e.before workers report feelin

9、g ill6How to be done?By Occupational disease surveillance(periodicBy Occupational disease surveillance(periodicmedical examination)e.g.medical examination)e.g.measurement of blood lead level in workers measurement of blood lead level in workers exposed to lead.exposed to lead.An of blood lead level

10、failure of 1ry An of blood lead level failure of 1ry preventionprevention corrective action=2ry prevention corrective action=2ry preventioni.e.improve 1ry preventioni.e.improve 1ry prevention7Periodic medical examination(PME)By which occupational disease can be identified in its By which occupationa

11、l disease can be identified in its latent stage(very early)where intervention(early treatment)latent stage(very early)where intervention(early treatment)can slow,stop or reverse the progression of the abnormalcan slow,stop or reverse the progression of the abnormalphysiologic condition(pathology).ph

12、ysiologic condition(pathology).Items of PME:Items of PME:Questionnaire Questionnaire Physical examination Physical examination Biological Biological monitoring monitoring(Lab(Lab.Evaluation)Evaluation)as as chest chest x-ray,x-ray,pulmonary pulmonary function function tests,tests,audiogram,audiogram

13、,blood,blood,urine,urine,exhaled airexhaled air 83_ry preventionAim:LimitationLimitation of symptoms and discomfortof symptoms and discomfortMinimize injury to the bodyMinimize injury to the bodyMaximize function to the bodyMaximize function to the bodye.g.e.g.ttt of lead poisoning ttt of lead poisoning9Thank you10