英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时过去分词构成讲解.ppt

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1、石头初级中学章燕上一页下一页主菜单Present Perfect TensePresent Perfect Tense现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式

2、：肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.规则动词过去分词的变化规则1.一般情况下，在动词后加-edworkworkedlistenlistenedjumpjumped2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-dcloseclosedlikelikedagreeagreed3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarriedtrytried4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-edstopstoppe

3、ddropdroppedmovelivelovelike写出下列规则动词的过去式和过去分词写出下列规则动词的过去式和过去分词:visitrepairwatchfinishverbed以以e结尾结尾dvisited visitedrepaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved movedlived livedloved lovedliked liked写出下列动词的过去式和过去分写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词词:stopmopshopplan注注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母双

4、写最后一个辅音字母ed双写双写edstudy hurry变变y为为ied注注:以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词,变变y为为ied.stopped stoppedmopped moppedshopped shoppedplanned plannedstudied studiedhurried hurried 不规则动词的过去分词1)AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）cost cost cut（割）cut cut Hit（打）hit hit hurt（伤害）hurt hurt put（放）put put read（读）read read(2)AAB型（动词原形与过

5、去式同形）beat（跳动）beat beaten(3)ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成）became become come（来）came comerun（跑）ran run(4)ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖 dug dughang（悬挂）hung hunghold（抓住）held held shine（照耀）shone shone(5)ABC型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词均不同形）begin(开始）beganbegunrise（上升）roserisen现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-S

6、omeone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Are you free?-I have finished my homework.I am free-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

7、现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用(1):1在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already,yet,never,ever,before,just等连用。.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语

8、气）Myteachershaventhadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2.yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Eg.Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.Have you had breakfastyet?b）never是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有从来没有”，而，而ever表示表示“曾经曾经”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。Haveyou

9、everbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间）Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学

10、了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态，也许还会持续下去。，也许还会持续下去。常与常与since+since+过去的过去的时间点，时间点，for+for+一段时间，一段时间，so far so far 等时间状语等时间

11、状语连用。连用。1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间2.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间时间点点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点Hehasstayedheresince5oclock.2)since+时间段时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hou

12、rsago.3)since+从句从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）达）for+时间段时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法的用法:Takenotes注1):since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedher

13、efor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?I.Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1.I_already_(watch)thefootballgame.I_(watch)itlastweek.2._he_(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather_just_(move)thebigchairstothelivingroom.Heistirednow.4.I_(work)heresinc

14、eI_(move)herein1999.5.I_just_(finish)myhomew6._you_(plan)wheretogoyet?二、用since和for填空1._twoyears2._twoyearsago3._lastmonth4._19995._yesterday6._4oclock7_4hours8._anhourago9._wewerechildren10._lunchtime11._shelefthere12.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.13.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears.15.Shehasbee

15、nawayfromthecity_abouttenyears.16.Itsabouttenyears_sheleftthecity.三.对划线部分提问1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._you_?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince 2000._yourfather_?3)Helefthereyesterday._he_?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._they_abook?现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与常与already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,yet,ye

16、t,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-beco

17、me-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时不能与时间段连用间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,begin,begin,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,finish,finis

18、h,join,join,leave leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单 become become be be,begin,begin havehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/inbe here/there/in，die die be be deaddead,finish,finish be overbe ov

19、er,join join be in be in（be a member of be a member of ）leaveleave be away(from),be away(from),下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour.t come here

20、 for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.

21、The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come

22、back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10

23、years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆

24、在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have You have never been there,have you?you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.last year.我去过桂林，我去年去

25、的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情

26、动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单四四)Itis+一段时间一段时间+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)=一段时间一段时间+haspassed+since+句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过

27、一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has ithe still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否

28、有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时般过去时:上一页下一页eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过去去事事情情的的从从句句总总是是与与现现在在完完成成时时连用。连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since he was a child,he has lived in Engla

29、nd.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.主菜单上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you

30、 _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last week

31、last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their softw

32、are programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 mi

33、nutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a yea

34、r.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _

35、here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1.How long have you

36、 begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B

37、 hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4.You dont need to descr

38、ibe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet 5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave7-W

39、as he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you thin

40、k the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开

41、中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.