《(精品)英语被动语态.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《(精品)英语被动语态.ppt(23页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、 The Passive Voice(被动语态)被动语态)v 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式,用来说明语态是英语动词的一种表现形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主语和谓语动词之间的关系。(1)主动语态)主动语态 (2)被动语态)被动语态英语语态英语语态英语语态英语语态的种类:的种类:当主语是动作的执行者时,动词用当主语是动作的执行者时,动词用主动语态主动语态(Active Voice););如果主语是动作的承受如果主语是动作的承受者,动词便用者,动词便用被动语态(被动语态(Passive Voice)。)。被动语态被动语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成be+及物及物动词的过去分词动词的过去分
2、词can/may/must+be+过去分词过去分词一般现在时:一般现在时:am/is/are done一般过去时:一般过去时:was/were done现在进行时:现在进行时:am/is/are being done过去进行时:过去进行时:was/were being done现在完成时:现在完成时:have/has been done过去完成时:过去完成时:had been done一般将来时:一般将来时:shall/will be done;be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时,句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时,句子结构为 can/must/have tobe done
3、He is regarded as a brilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。This book was written in 1969.这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The pen has been used for several years.这支这支钢
4、笔已经用了几年。钢笔已经用了几年。He said the factory had been opened.他说他说这家工厂已经开张。这家工厂已经开张。The work will be finished in three hours.工工作将于三小时后完成。作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well.这孩子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。When can we use the passive voice?1.不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁,或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。作的执行者时。My bike was st
5、olen last night.昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨八点收取。2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。The desk was made by Master Wang.这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister.那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。v3.为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized b
6、y people.(一个主语就够了)那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。4.在上下文中,为了使句子间连接紧密时。如:在上下文中,为了使句子间连接紧密时。如:I have a new skirt.It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt.我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。How to change the active voice into the passive voice?基本方法基本方法3.把原来的把原来的宾语宾语变成了变成了主语主语5.把原来的把原来的主语主语变成了变成了介词介词by 的宾语的宾语4.把原来的把原来
7、的谓语动词谓语动词变成变成be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词1.先找出先找出谓语动词谓语动词2.再找出谓语动词后的再找出谓语动词后的宾语宾语6.注意注意人称时态和数人称时态和数的变化的变化注意!注意!1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,应保留主动语态把主动语态变为被动语态时,应保留主动语态原来的时态。如:原来的时态。如:She often cleans the house.2.宾语宾语为反身代词,相互代词时为反身代词,相互代词时each other,不用被不用被,只用主动只用主动。The man introduced himself as Mr.Wang.They help each oth
8、er study English.他们互相帮助学习英语。他们互相帮助学习英语。3.不及物动词无被动不及物动词无被动如:如:die.appear.fail .happen .sit .come true.take place1.把把SVO(主动宾)句型的主动句转换成被动句,原(主动宾)句型的主动句转换成被动句,原句中的宾语作被动句的主语。句中的宾语作被动句的主语。e.g.Li Lei planted the tree last year.The tree was planted by Li Lei last year.Workers made the machines in Changsha.T
9、he machines were made in Changsha.2.把把SVoO(主动间宾直宾)的主动句转换成被动(主动间宾直宾)的主动句转换成被动 句,常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。句,常用原句中的间接宾语作被动句中的主语。e.g.They gave her a prize.She was given a prize.A prize was given to her by them.Xiao Lis brother taught him English.Xiao Li was taught English by his brother.口诀口诀2:如 遇双宾语,最好变间宾,如若变
10、直宾,间宾前加to/for口诀口诀1:宾提前变主,主变介by宾,被动be加done,时态看主动。3.SVOC(主(主动动宾宾宾补)句型转换为被宾补)句型转换为被 动句时,原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。动句时,原句中的宾语补语就成为主语补语。e.g.He painted the door green yesterday.The door was painted green yesterday.We called the student Clever Hans.The student was called Clever Hans.4.短语动词转换为被动态时,通常被看作是一个动短语动词转换为被动态
11、时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。e.g.They looked after the children well.The children were well looked after.We has put off the meeting till next week.The meeting has been put off till next week.5.二听四看一感觉二听四看一感觉,使役动词有三个使役动词有三个Someone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was
12、 seen to walk into the building.口诀口诀3:这些动词真奇怪,主动句中to 离开,被动 句中to回来.(feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)The little girl was listened to to play the piano in her house.在使役动词在使役动词have,make,get以及以及感官动词感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,feel,observe等变为被动结构时,要加等变为被动结构时,要加to.We listened to
13、 a little girl play the piano in her house.vThis pen writes quite smoothly.The building looks very beautiful.The book is difficult to understand.vI have some clothes to wash.2012 is worth seeing.英英语中用中用主主动表被表被动的几种特殊情况的几种特殊情况一一.有些表示感受、感官的有些表示感受、感官的连系动词连系动词(如如look,sound,smell,feel,taste prove,appear 等
14、等)可用可用主动表被动主动表被动:The building looks very beautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。1这些花闻起来很香。这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。那食物尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable.The food tastes delicious.二、某些与二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动等连用的不及物动词,如词,如move,lock,shut,open 等可用主动等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:形式表达被动意义。如:1盒子不能
15、移动。盒子不能移动。2门不会关。门不会关。The box cant move.The door wont shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词,如动词,如 sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久耐久),wear(耐穿耐穿),run,lock等可用主动形式表等可用主动形式表达被动意义达被动意义.如如:This kind of food sells well.这种食物畅销。这种食物畅销。This cloth washes well and lasts long.这布料经洗、耐穿。这布料经洗、耐穿。The floo
16、r doesnt clean easily.这地板不容易弄干净。这地板不容易弄干净。The machine runs well.This pen writes quite smoothly.The bookshelf hardly sells.四、在动词四、在动词 require,need,want 等动词之等动词之后,可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。后,可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。电视机需要修理。The trees need watering.Children want looking after.The TV
17、 needs mending.The house needs cleaning.房子需要打扫了房子需要打扫了。The house needs to be cleaned.五、形容词五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如:动形式表示被动意义。如:1这本小说值得一读。这本小说值得一读。2事情值得做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.The problem is not worth discussing.这个问题不值得讨论。这个问题不值得讨论。六六.在在“系动词系动词+形容词
18、形容词+不定式不定式”结构中,结构中,常见句型有:常见句型有:1)n.+be+too+adj.+to do2)The plane is too high to see.3)2)n.+be+adj.+enough+to do4)The book is cheap enough for me to buy.5)3)n.+be+adj.+to do6)The question is not easy to answer.七七.不定式用于某些动词不定式用于某些动词(如如have,have got,get等等)的宾语后作定语时,如果的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语就是就是句子句子的
19、主语的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。I have some clothes to wash.我有一些衣服要洗。Miss Green has some important letters to send.格林小姐有一些重要的信件要寄。注:若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应注:若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:用被动式,比较:I have something to type.我有些东西要打我有些东西要打(字字)。I have something to be typed.我有些东西要打我有些东西要打(字字)。(指自己打字指自己打字)(指请人打
20、字指请人打字)vI found Einsteins theory hard to understand.I found my theory hard to be understood.我理解起来难我理解起来难让人理解起来难让人理解起来难Please give me something to eat.I have a lot of homework to do today.He has several tasks to complete.八八.作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有有 逻辑上的动宾关系,且句子的主语或间接逻辑上的动宾关系,且句子的主语或间接 宾语与
21、该不定式有逻辑上的宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。主谓关系时。(间接宾语间接宾语me是是to eat的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)(主语主语I是是to do的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)His speech in English was difficult to follow.vDo you think Zhang Dan easy to get along with?(状语状语to follow与主语有动宾关系与主语有动宾关系)(不定式与宾语有动宾关系不定式与宾语有动宾关系)九九.用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不 定式,如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系定式,如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系 时,一般用主动形式。时,一般用主动形式。v十十.不定式不定式to blame,to let(出租)作表语,(出租)作表语,主动形式表被动含义主动形式表被动含义 You are to blame.The house is to let.I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.(2002年上海高考题)A.is to blame B.is going to blame C.is to be blamed D.should blameA
限制150内