(精品)M1U1-3语法定语从句.ppt

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1、菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)定语从句定语从句菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)一、定语从句的引导词一、定语从句的引导词考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作在从句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示关系关系代词代词与关与关系副系副词的词的判定判定who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语(限制性定语限制性定语从句可省略从句可省略)Is he the man

2、 who wants to see you？whom人人宾语宾语(限制性限制性定语从句可省定语从句可省略略)He is the man whom I saw yesterday.whose(of whomof which)人或物人或物定语定语Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer？He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which)face south.菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作成分

3、在从句中所作成分典句例示典句例示关系关系代词代词与关与关系副系副词的词的判定判定which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语(限制性限制性定语从句可省略定语从句可省略)A special school which was built last year is near my home.The package(which)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.that人或物人或物主语、宾语主语、宾语(限制性限制性定语从句可省略，定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定不引导非限制性定语从句语从句)A plane is a machine that can fly.

4、I dont know the man(that)you mentioned.as人或物人或物(在在非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句中也可指中也可指代整个句代整个句子子)主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health.I want to read such/the same a book as you read.He is not the same man as he was.菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作在从句中所作成分成分

5、典句例示典句例示关系代词关系代词与关系副与关系副词的判定词的判定when(适当介适当介词词 which)时间时间时间状语时间状语There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.where(适当适当介词介词which)地点地点地点状语地点状语Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.why(for which)原因原因原因状语原因状语Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer？菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复

6、习英语(译林版译林版)考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作在从句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示关系关系代词代词与关与关系副系副词的词的判定判定1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句中谓语动词的主语、词作定语从句中谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用宾语时，应用that或或which，作宾，作宾语时，语时，that/which也可省略。也可省略。2.当先行词是当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名词，表示情况、方面、处境等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词时用关系副词where。I dont

7、believe the reason(which/that)he was late for school for.I dont believe the reason(which/that)he gave me.He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy.当先行词当先行词way意为意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which，that或不用任何关系词或不用任何关系词这三种形式；这三种形式；way不作不作“方式，方式，方法方法”解时，其定语从句的引导解时，其定语从句的引导词用词用th

8、at或或which，引导词在定语，引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。从句中作宾语时可以省略。The way(that/in which)he explained/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，关系词在从句中作状语，相当于相当于in this/in this/that way)The way(that/which)he explained to/whic

9、h)he explained to us was quite simple.(us was quite simple.(关系代词关系代词that/that/which在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语)The way(that/which)he showed us leads to the small village.(way意为意为“道路道路”)菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)【温馨提示温馨提示】1.如何选择关系代词与关系副词如何选择关系代词与关系副词方方法法一一：用用关关系系代代词词还还是是关关系系副副词词取取决决于于从从句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词

10、。及及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则用关系副词。物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则用关系副词。方方法法二二：准准确确判判断断先先行行词词在在定定语语从从句句中中的的成成分分(主主语语、宾宾语语、状状语语)，也能正确选择出关系代词，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系副词。2定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致(1)one of复数名词关系代词复数动词复数名词关系代词复数动词(2)the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词复数名词关系代词单数动词菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译

11、林版译林版)二、关系代词的用法区别及二、关系代词的用法区别及“介词关系代词介词关系代词”几几组组关关系系代代词词的的区区别别用用that不用不用whichAll that can be done has been done.Please get ready for everything(that)we need.先行词是先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none时时This is the very book that Im looking for.The only thing that we can do is

12、to give you some money.先行词被先行词被only，any，few，no，very，little等修饰时等修饰时This is the best method that has been used against pollution.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时形容词最高级、序数词修饰时They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.先行词为人、物并用时先行词为人、物并用时Which is the bike t

13、hat you lost？当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词who或或which时时Our hometown is no longer the city that it used to be.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时词也在从句中作表语时菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)典句例示典句例示用法点击用法点击几几组组关关系系代代词词的的区区别别the same.as与与the same.thatShe wore the same dress as her younger sister wore

14、.She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.the same.as.表示相似的东西表示相似的东西the same.that.表示同一人或物表示同一人或物such/so.as与与such/so.thatThis is such an easy question as I can answer.This is such an easy question that I can answer it.such/so.as(定语从句定语从句)像像那样那样such/so.that(状语从句状语从句)如此如此以至于以至于as与与whichAv

15、atar is a very successful film，as is known to all.As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；有时还可插入主句中；which引导引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。之后。as意为意为“正如正如”，后面，后面的谓语动词多是的谓语动词多是see

16、，know，expect，say，mention，report等。等。菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)典句例示典句例示用法点击用法点击介介词词关关系系代代词词Please pass me the book，the cover of which is blue.名名(代代)词介词关系代词词介词关系代词(一般作主一般作主语语)He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever.He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever.数词或形容词最高级数词或形容词最高级of关

17、系代词关系代词(一般作主语一般作主语)This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.介词关系代词介词关系代词(一般作状语一般作状语)Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation.介词短语关系代词介词短语关系代词(一般作状语一般作状语)She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home.介词介词which名词名词(一般在句中作状一般在

18、句中作状语语)He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.介词介词whose名词名词(一般作状语一般作状语)He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw what was happening.(from wherefrom behind the door)from where为为“介词关系副词介词关系副词”结结构，但也可以引导定语从句，构，但也可以引导定语从句，“介词介词关系代词关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断。或定语从句中的动

19、词短语进行判断。菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)典句例示典句例示用法点击用法点击特特殊殊定定语语从从句句I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball.分裂式定语从句分裂式定语从句(先行词与关先行词与关系代系代(副副)词分隔词分隔)He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science.插入式定语从句插入式定语从句(关系代词与关系代词与从句中插入一个句子从句中

20、插入一个句子)I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French.省略式定语从句省略式定语从句(介词关系介词关系代词不定式代词不定式)菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)1(2010全全国国I卷卷)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_is named after his grandfather.AwhichBwhereCwhat Dthat【解解析析】句句意意：小小时时候候，杰杰克克在在一一所所乡乡村村学学

21、校校读读书书，那那所所学学校校是是以以他他祖祖父父的的名名字字命命名名的的。先先行行词词是是a village school，代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为“The village school is named after his grandfather.”，由由此此可可见见先先行行词词在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，且且该该从从句句为为非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，故故用用which引导。引导。【答案答案】A菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)2(2010山山东东高高考考)Thats the new machine _parts are

22、 too small to be seen.Athat BwhichCwhose Dwhat【解解析析】句句意意：那那就就是是那那台台零零部部件件小小得得看看不不见见的的新新机机器器。分分析析句句子子成成分分可可知知空空格格后后部部分分是是定定语语从从句句，关关系系词词在在从从句句中中作作定定语语，因因而而使用使用whose。【答案答案】C菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)3(2010上上 海海 高高 考考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy_ we may return in the near fut

23、ure.Aon which Bby whichCto which Dfrom which【解解析析】句句意意：风风力力是是很很古古老老的的一一种种能能源源，不不久久的的将将来来我我们们也也许许会会再再利利用用它它。return to“重重新新利利用用”，属属于于固固定定搭搭配配，故故排排除除含含有有介介词词on，by和和from的的A、B、D项。项。【答案答案】C菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)4(2010北北京京高高考考)Children who are not active or_ diet is high in fat will gain w

24、eight quickly.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat【解解析析】句句意意：一一些些不不是是很很活活跃跃，或或者者他他们们的的饮饮食食中中脂脂肪肪含含量量太太高高的的孩孩子子会会很很快快长长胖胖。先先行行词词为为children，or连连接接两两个个并并列列的的定定语语从从句句，第第一一个个定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词为为who，第第二二个个引引导导词词为为考考查查点点，先先行行词词children在在第第二二个个定定语语从从句句中中与与从从句句中中的的主主语语diet形形成成所所属属关关系系：childrens diet，故选，故选B项。项。【答案答案】B菜菜 单单

25、高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)5(2010陕陕西西高高考考)The old temple _roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.Awhere BwhichCits Dwhose【解解析析】句句意意：那那座座在在暴暴风风雨雨中中屋屋顶顶受受损损的的古古庙庙现现在在正正在在修修复复当当中中。此此句句先先行行词词是是the old temple，代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为：The old temples roof was damaged in a storm.由由此此可可知知先先行行词词在在定定语

26、语从从句句中中作作定语，故用关系代词定语，故用关系代词whose引导。引导。【答案答案】D菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)6(2010江江西西高高考考)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _she would stay for an hour.Awhere BwhoCwhich Dwhat【解解析析】句句意意：这这个个女女孩孩准准备备在在培培训训中中心心和和她她姐姐姐姐一一起起上上钢钢琴琴课课，在在那那里里她她将将待待一一小小时

27、时。先先行行词词为为the training centre，从从句句中中缺缺少少地点状语，故选地点状语，故选where。【答案答案】A菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)7(2010福福建建高高考考)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life has developed gradually.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhose【解解析析】句句意意：史史蒂蒂芬芬霍霍金金认认为为，地地球球可可能能不不是是唯唯一一有有生生命命进进

28、化化的的行行星星。where在在此此引引导导定定语语从从句句，在在从从句句中中作作状状语语，相相当当于于on the planet。【答案答案】B菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)8(2010浙浙江江高高考考)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city.Awhom BwhichCthem Dthose【解解析析】句句意意：近近千千人人在在这这一一个个小小社社区区居居住住，他他们

29、们当当中中很很多多都都是是从从农农村村老老家家来来城城市市寻寻求求更更好好的的日日子子的的。先先行行词词为为1,000 people，代代入入定定语语从从句句为为many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，关系代词在从句中作介词，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语且指人，故用的宾语且指人，故用whom。【答案答案】A菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)9(2010重重庆庆高高考考)In China，the number of cities is i

30、ncreasing _development is recognized across the world.Awhere BwhichCwhose Dthat【解解析析】句句意意：在在中中国国，城城市市的的数数量量在在快快速速地地增增加加，其其发发展展被被世世界界所所公公认认。先先行行词词为为cities，代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为：The cities development is recognized across the world.由由此此可可见见，先先行行词词在在定定语语从句中作定语，故用从句中作定语，故用whose。【答案答案】C菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标

31、大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)10(2010江江 苏苏 高高 考考)The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of_ are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.Athat BitCwhat Dwhich【解解析析】句句意意：这这家家新新建建的的墙墙体体被被涂涂成成浅浅绿绿色色的的咖咖啡啡厅厅对对我我们们而而言言确确实实是是个个安安静静场场所所，尤尤其其是是在在辛辛苦苦工工作作之之后后。先先行行词词为为the newlybuilt cafe，代代入入

32、定定语语从从句句为为the walls of the newlybuilt cafe are painted light green，因因为为关关系系代代词词在在从从句句中中作作介介词词的的宾宾语语且且指指物物，故故用用which。【答案答案】D菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)11(2010湖湖南南高高考考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho Bwhe

33、reCwhen Dwhich【解解析析】句句意意：我我已已经经成成为为去去年年在在英英语语演演讲讲比比赛赛中中所所遇遇到到的的我我校校几几位位学学生生的的好好朋朋友友。先先行行词词为为several of the students，代代入入定定语语从从句句后后为为：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由由此此可可见见先先行行词词在在定定语语从从句句中中作作宾宾语语，先先行行词词指指人人，故故用用who/whom/whom/that引导。引导。【答案答案】A菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语

34、高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)12(2010全全 国国 卷卷)I refuse to accept the blame for something_ was someone elses fault.Awho BthatCas Dwhat【解解析析】句句意意：我我拒拒绝绝接接受受因因为为别别人人的的错错误误而而遭遭受受的的责责备备。先先行行词词在在从从句句中中作作主主语语，指指物物，而而且且为为不不定定代代词词something，关关系系词词只只能能用用that。【答案答案】B菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)13(2010四四川川高高考考

35、)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_turned out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere【解解析析】句句意意：大大学学毕毕业业之之后后，我我休休息息了了一一段段时时间间去去旅旅游游，结结果果证证明明这这是是一一个个明明智智的的决决定定。分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知第第二二个个逗逗号号后后是是非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，排排除除A项项；定定语语从从句句缺缺主主语语，排排除除C、D两两项项，先先行行词词是逗号前的整个句子，所

36、以是逗号前的整个句子，所以B为正确答案。为正确答案。【答案答案】B菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)14(2010山山东东潍潍坊坊)Australia is one of the few countries，_ people drive on the left.Awhich BwhenCwhere Dthat【解解析析】这这是是一一个个非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句，先先行行词词Australia和和定定语语从从句句where people drive on the left被被主主句句的的系系动动词词和和表表语语分分隔隔开开了了。因为先行词表示地

37、点，所以关系副词使用因为先行词表示地点，所以关系副词使用where。【答案答案】C菜菜 单单高考新课标大一轮总复习英语高考新课标大一轮总复习英语(译林版译林版)15(2010山山 东东 青青 岛岛)The fact is that it gets to the point _ communication is impossible.Awhere BwhatCwhen Dwhich【解解析析】point 为为先先行行词词，where为为关关系系副副词词，在在定定语语从从句句中中作作状语。句意：事实是到了一个无法交流的地步了。状语。句意：事实是到了一个无法交流的地步了。【答案答案】A本小节结束请按ESC键返回