中国的教育的发展.txt

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1、 Thanks everyone Hello everyoneThank you for tuning inIn our last programWe attended a class given byProfessor Zhao Qiguang from Carleton College in USA It was a high school Chinese classToday, our program is also in the form of teachingIn this class, we will talk about creative thinking We have nin

2、e students here todayThe first two groups are from universities in BeijingOur Internet video system (CISCOs Tele-present) Will connect 3 students from Chengdu, SichuanHow are youToday in our studio We are fortunate to have two guestsOne is Dr. Zhang Ning from Princeton University Who has Ph.D in eco

3、nomicsThe other is Mr.Quan Bin a teacher at Beijing Niulanshan No 1 Middle SchoolId also like to welcome a number of teachers, studentsand others for your participation Thank you all and welcomeLast but not least lets bring outour key speaker of today GoogleHe is not only working in the worlds most

4、innovative companiessuch as Apple, Microsoft and GoogleHe has also lead in R & D And invented a number of high-tech productsGoogleHe is vice president of Google International CEO of Google Greater China Region Dr. Li Kaifu.Hello Mr. Li Hello佻 In the following time,I will leave the platform to Mr. Li

5、 And I will sit over thereMr. Li, please Thank you Thank you, our hostAnd thank you the two teachers And nine studentsWelcome to my talk todayI want each of you to Make a self-introduction firstI hope you will tell meThe most innovative thing you have ever done Hello, everyone. My name is Cheng Xiao

6、xingDuring Beijing OlympicsPRD()I improved our PRD working approachWhich increased our work efficiency Made less mistakes And sped up our report delivery.Its pretty goodI am from Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationsMy name is Kong Luting, in my fourth yearThe most innovative thing Ive e

7、ver done is toCome to Teacher Kaifus class todayBecause I have little chance to Meet with Teacher Li in my daily lifeAnd to meet you Is very different from my daily study So I think this is a kind of innovation ThanksThank you for hosting this program.This is also my first time to come to such show

8、about innovationLet us welcome student Wang My name is Wang HengI am from Communication University of China The innovative thing for me,At same time also a privileged thing is To be chosen to be2008 A torch carrier for Beijing OlympicsMy name is Qin LijingI am from Beijing Science and Technology Uni

9、versityI feel the most innovative thing for me Is fictional writing My name is Jiang BiaobinI am from Beijing Institute of Technology My most creative thing is toOn a very cold day 紩I wear a short sleeve shirt to class羰It got everyones attentionI think innovation starts fromBeing different.OKHello e

10、veryoneI am from Beijing Normal UniversityI am in my second year as a graduate student thereMy name is Sun JiaqinWhen I was in my junior year in collegeI wrote a book all by myself Drawing on what I know about psychologyThat was a challenge to meAnd I think it is also an innovationWell saidNow, let

11、us heaFrom the students from ChengduI am Wang Yan from University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaThe most creative thing for me was towrite a financial management softwareFor my familyI am Huang Gaowei from Sichuan UniversityMy most innovative thing was toJoin the very innovative Googl

12、e World Programming PrizeThanksI am from Sichuan Universitymy name is Duan Yinchuan, majoring in mathMy most innovative thing was toWhen I was in the third gradeI made a paper car model Lets give applaud to the nine studentsToday, I want to talk about innovation or creativity I will talk about its d

13、efinition and its significance I will try to explain what make innovation possibleNext, I would like to ask you all toWrite down the first word you would think ofWhen you hear the word innovation/creativityAnd share it with usI want to invite to the whiteboardThree teams, one by oneNow, lets have th

14、e first team first Good thanks Learning from others, laying solid foundation before applying itThese are some of the ways for innovationHow to treat the forefathers wisdomHow to systematically study ancient knowledgeAnd then make best use of it So, a risk-taking and creative person Should not be afr

15、aid of failureStudent from Chengdu Please, student Wang Help him write Save the old and embrace the new The word brewno definition No definition Atmospherics There are two answers hereYou must all be curious.Why does blood have anything to do with innovation As an innovative personHe must have innov

16、ative mindset running in his blood Only so can he mergeWith innovative bloodI believe this river will be rushing along full of excitement ThanksOK Ok I understandThats why to be a creative or innovative personOne must have this kind of passion Can you also explain No Definition We cannot define inno

17、vation So what is innovationI say one approach of doing thing,Can be innovative A different approach can also be viewed as innovative Right I think the 9 words have Well explained Some key points about innovationNext, I want to use my own language toDefine innovation Most of the time, when we think

18、of innovationWe actually mean inventionActually, the real innovation that we hope to seeIs more than just having a new idea This idea should serve peoples real need It may be need of today It may be need of tomorrow And you do something for him How to make the innovation valuableIt is application Wh

19、at are the key elements of innovation First of all, I think there is no doubtWhat we talked about innovation must be to create a brand-new thingMany people misunderstood innovation Something NEW does not require You to come up with Theory of RelativityIf you bring one technologyfrom one applied area

20、 to another,Thats also innovation.A good example would be Microwave ovenIt was invented by a radio scientist.One day when he was doing a radio experiment The chocolate in his pocket melted. That prompted him to thinkWhy not apply this new discovery intoMaking an oven, a totally different areaBesides

21、 I think innovation can also be a function of synthesis. For example, bread-maker. Any of you the 9 students ever used bread-maker None of you know it.It is a machine That allows you to put in flour, eggs, and sugar. You put them in and choose a timerIn the morning The break is made ready to eat.No

22、one here ever used a bread-maker? NoThis is a huge business opportunity in ChinaIts an example of cross-domain applicationIts an example of cross-domain applicationWhen you disassemble the break-makerWhat do you find Alarm clock, electric cooker blenderNothing newBut when they put together to be a b

23、reak-makerIts originalTherefore, when we talk about innovationİWe shouldnt restrict it to an unprecedentedScientific-technological paperWe should have a tolerant attitude To look at innovationDoes new mean innovationSurely notIf we add two wheels to a bread-makerThats new But is that innovation and

24、valuable仰A saying goes:Demand is the mother of innovationYuan LongPing was marvelous to createHybrid rice1960It was the year of 1960he saw food shortage and famineEvery innovator should think about demandBefore you innovate Think about who need itAnd whether it will add valueHow do we evaluate value

25、Its really about for whom its valuable򹤳Genetic engineering or cloning and suchIt has the potential to causeethics controversyI think first we might want to considerThe question of right and wrongAnd if it complies with human ethical values or not񶨵IThen we should not do it󲿷But

26、 many innovationsAre like water Water can carry a boat and can also capsize itInternet is badBecause there is a lot of dreadful information on internetBut I can guarantee90% information on internet is helpfulSo we should look at the whole pictureAnd see its positive sideYoure welcome to ask question

27、s anytimeVery goodI hope we have more interactionThe third point is important tooShould be feasibleAnyone can pat his headAnd come up with some strange thingsI want to make a robot Who can cook and clean for me And also help me do home work Do you want such a robot SureBut is it feasibleSo I think t

28、he best innovatorShould have innovative thinkingUnderstand users needsAnd he should also be practicalThere is a questionCan you tell us an innovation you have doneAnd use the three points to analyze itI can talk aboutThe work I did when I was a PhD graduate studentAt that time, I made worlds first s

29、peaker-independent, continuous speech recognition system.Many people thoughtThis innovation was very originalBut when we startedTo merchandise this thingWe found many problems Such as noise, people speaking at the same timeDifferent accentsIt identified users wrongI think I can give it 99 points for

30、 noveltyBut its value can only get 59 pointsAnd its feasibility also only gets 59 pointsHowever, in reality, many innovation productsDont manifest their value immediatelyBut they could be very useful in the futureEvery innovation stands on giant(s) shouldersIt could be a cross-domain innovation in t

31、he pastOr it might not be an innovationIt might be a failureI acknowledge this kind of academic researchIt has scientific valueUpon which future research is basedBut it didnt score very high as innovation itselfWe are in the 21st century nowDoes innovation have a new roleI think in the 21st centuryW

32、e saw the innovation Innovation is more expected to be applied to real lifePast innovationMuch of it, I thinkWas in order to understand natureMuch of todays innovationIs to address challenges faced by usersThe second exampleI would like to discuss with youIs the cycle of innovationLets talk about ma

33、ilFour thousand years ago One thousand, two thousand, three thousand years agoLets talk about the innovation of mailAnyone can give me three old innovation examplesThe most primitive means of communication should be wind and fireIt has to be long long time agoAny other ideaPost might be the thirdPos

34、t shouldve had started in Han DynastyAround that timePostal stamps and zip code were very big innovationsAround last two or three hundred yearsThe three students from ChengduGive us some examples about textual innovationEmail OKEmail OKAbout twenty or thirty years agoText messagingAround the same ti

35、me QQAnything else? Do you use QQFetionOK GoogleOK I saw on Google yesterdayFour thousand years ago in EgyptMessenger was first used to relay messageSo we see thatThe cycle of innovationOne happened four thousand years agoOne between four thousand and three thousand years agoOne between three thousa

36、nd and two thousand years agoEspecially the past twenty yearsThere were many many innovationsSo the 21st century Is a marvelous eraThe cycle of innovation becomes shorter and shorterNext Id like to talk about滹The importance of innovation in competition򵥵There are few simple examplesThis time

37、we only focus onThe last hundred yearsId like to ask when we talk about airplanesCan you imagineWhich company was most innovativeI think it was AirbusYou think it was Airbuswe might see two brands Boeing, Airbus Two innovative brandsAbout TV, who can tell meHow many innovation brands are there No on

38、e knowsShould be SharpOK, according online brand survey SONYSony should be higherITLets talk about IT companiesI think Microsoft wasA very big innovationIt opened up a new era of personal computersGoogle I think it should be GoogleBecause it brought a lot convenienceTo peoples lives YouTubeYouTube I

39、 think the newest one is YouTubeIt put videos on the internet Chengdu students, its your turnebayThere is ebayOnline shoppingIt opened the first of its kind OK two moreI think Fetion is very innovativeAnyone would like to add anythingOlder onesIBMIBM and Intel OK lets stop hereI think there are many

40、 more choicesYou seeWhen we talked about airplanes and TVWe only came up with two or three brandsITBut talking about IT, which is a newer industryIBM Fairchild Intel, Microsoft,And so many different companiesSo again it tells us thatThe higher the competitionThe higher the importanceIn the pastWe mi

41、ght be able to use one brandTo beat rivalsBut more and moreIt relies on original ideasWith feasibilityAnd valuable to the usersOnly those thingsCan be in leading positionCreation and innovationThe difference between the two wordsAre you testing my Chinese We can interpret in this wayThe biggest diff

42、erenceOne of them doesnt have specific goalsThe differences also lie inWhether they can bring huge social effectAnd economic effect Creation can be ones hobbyHe creates something according to his hobbyFor exampleThat student from Sichuan Electronic CollegeHe said that family financial systemHelps to

43、 put his family in good orderSince its not yet popularizedIt can be only called creation OK I think what you said is reasonableDo you agree with himAbout the companies we just mentionedIn fact, Mr. Kai-fuHas assumed positions in many of those companiesYou think which companyHas the most innovative p

44、otentials Google Apple Microsoft GoogleAre all marvelousAnd innovativeBut their innovative styles Are differentApple relies more on Steven JobsOne persons far-sight for the futureBrave decisionsThe whole company follows himMicrosoft relies more on its research instituteWhich produces many valuable p

45、apersThen the production departmentApplies the papers to marketTens of thousands of people create a new Window togetherGoogleGoogle might not be the biggestBut it advances fastestGoogleGmailIt can release Google Search or Gmail and such Only after ten or twenty people working for just several months

46、Apple targets wellMicrosoft scales bigGoogleGoogle does fastI think all three have their own valueIts hard to say which one is better OK WangIm thinking about innovationBefore you create somethingHow do you know its valueIf its todays demandYou can go ask usersBut what if its futures demandThen you

47、might have toTrust your own judgmentThere is uncertaintyInnovation has risk to takeHere I listed 5 features thatA company must execute In the course of innovationFirst, Insight into the futureIf twenty years agoPCYou asked a PC userIf he wanted a browserHe would sayWhat is browserYou say its for bro

48、wsing the internetHe would say What is internetUsers dont have the insight into the futureOr understand technology developmentTo demand something not existingIf you want to make anAhead-time innovationWhich does not exist yetWhat you should do isIn a football gameLike a best football playerHe does n

49、ot run to the place where the ball is򽫵He predicts where the ball will goThat is he doesnt solve todays users problem He predicts the futureSonys founder Akio Morita saidWe cant just listen toWhat the users want todayWe must use our brain to thinkWhat they will want in the futureOur innovatio

50、n will be based on thatIf we can predict the futureI suggest Dont lock yourself up and rack brainsDont discuss war on paper仰 I really admire what is Neighbor pretty MIT professor Neighbor pretty saidHe said, the best way to predict the futureIs to create the future.GoogleOne example is Googles found

51、ersThey made a predictionInternet is marvelousThe content will grow rapidlyThen they made another predictionBecause of the rapid growthItll be impossible to classify by categoriesA search engine must be neededThen we shall make oneGoogleGoogle company was therefore bornSecond, break the conventionId

52、 like to ask the 9 of youDraw 9 circles on the paper in front of youLine them in three rowsnow I would like youto use the pento draw 4 straight lines continuously󸲸to cover the 9 circlesYou have one minute to tryThe 9 students hereIm not going to look at your exerciseAnyone has a solution On

53、e, two, three found solutionsChengdus students havent yet One twoAll found solutionsLet me compare󲿷Many people would say OKIm going to draw 4 linesIm going to draw one hereTwThree hereFour hereOops, I only covered 8 dotsThe last dot is not coveredThen I say let me try againI draw this first

54、Then this, and this, and this But it doesnt seems to work eitherHow did you solve it at lastLets ask a student to come hereTo help usLet the computer record it Sorry this is not rightYou cant pick the pen upErase this Who solved the problem without picking up the penLets ask Kong to solve the proble

55、mWe just saw thatNo matter how we drawIt seems at least need 5 linesHow can four lines coverThe 9 dotsRight I ask you, KongHow did you break the conventional thinkingIn order to solve the problemYou dont think that a line has to make a turn after covering 3 dotsYou extend the lineIn fact I didnt tel

56、l you that the line cant leave the square Did I say that I didnt say itbut you assumed it󲿷Thats conventional thinkingThat is, when encountering a problemmake a rule to lock oneself inTherefore, you cant break the convention.How was automobile inventedWhats the predecessor of automobileIt is

57、horse carriageHorse needs to be fed and needs sleep鷳Very inconvenient24We need a vehicle that can drive anytimeWe need a faster vehicleHorse carriage cant do thatWhat would be our first conventional thinking toHow to replace the horseThey have to be imaginativeThe sailboat relies on windI can put sa

58、il on the horse carriage and make it moveSomeone also got an idea from the winded toysCan we wind up the carriage and make it moveGradually someone got a better idea We can use electricity and gas and different waysFinally they made a car that could driveBut you would find that car looks strange治The

59、re was no steering wheel on itGuess what it used Huang, tell usLike hand-controlled tractor No. It was a frameLet me give you a hintThey were still locked in by conventional thinkingI want to replace the horse in horse-carriageWhat controls the horse carriage It is rein. RightUse rein in the carIt c

60、ant control the carIt didnt break the conventional thinking There was a misunderstanding about innovationPeople thought it was very difficult,as difficult as relativity.򵥵But sometimes a simple innovation is more lovelyOne of our teams found that 򼸸When a user inputs more words in sear

61、ch engineThe search works more accurately򼸸Can we use some technology to have users input more wordsSomeone has thought of thatCan we design a smart Q&A systemAlso someone thought of creating new computer language You can search CCTVs USwithout Wang LifenYou can search such an article and or

62、Use and, or, parenthesis, and suchA system like thatWe taught users to use the systemTo have the search more accurateBut the two methods both failedFinally an engineer thought of another methodTo encourage users input longer search words Can someone tell me what the method isIts just reminding the u

63、ser to write directlyThen Enter But most users dont like to readThey like to click and receive options򵥵Is there a more simple wayIf he inputs too little, then he cant searchWe just talked about Users FirstThat doesnt work輸You can have more input boxes for search and orThen use and or or to c

64、onnect You almost got it right𰸰Let me tell you the correct answerEnlarge the search boxJust that simpleThe user sees such a long search boxHed feel bad if he only inputs few wordsHed input more words to feel rightOften simple is beautyDont think complex is beautyThats the third point The fou

65、rth pointWe find that an innovative company is people-centeredWhats the most important thing in the 21st centuryTalentsWhat kind of atmosphere is liked by innovative peopleIt is he feels hes being trusted Hes given space to make innovationGoogleTake the example of Google companyEvery employee is giv

66、e 20% of the timeto do things hes passionate aboutIts an example of being trusted And, the management shouldnt be too strictYou shouldnt tell them each step of processIt must be a very equal very fair, and flat organizational structureGoogleFor example, in Google companyWe want every employee to und

67、erstand that hes trustedThe company is equalİOur every employees office is the same sizeİ Eric SchmidtİIncluding my office and Eric Schmidts officeWe let every employee know that no one is the boss Everyone is equalAnyone who has ideas can implement themEric SchmidtEven after Eric Schmidt came to th

68、e companyCEO Hes our CEOAfter one monthİHe found he has an office mate in his officeThe office mate is an engineerEric SchmidtHe said to Eric Schmidtİ My office is too small and yours is so bigSo Id share the room with youIts unthinkable in other companiesİto be office mates with the bossEricBut Eri

69、c Schmidt understandsthat our company promotes equalitySo he let the employee stayAround that timeThe company was getting ready to go public绰There were many confidential telephone callsHe had to take the calls out of the officeto show respect to the engineerThe last point also the fifth pointI want

70、to talk about is riskWe had mentioned earlierWhat shall one do when failedFailure happensWe must understand thatFailure is not punishmentBut its a lesson to learnTake Edison as an exampleWhile trying to invent the electric bulbHe had tried 6 thousand times before succeedingPeople asked himWhy didnt

71、you give up after 6 thousand failuresHis answer wasI havent failed 6 thousand timelve just found 6 thousand ways inwhich my formula doesnt workLastYou might be interested to knowHow can you have more innovative abilityMy advice isAsk many questionsDont just listen and recitewhat the teacher saysYoud

72、 lock yourself in conventional thinking whyEverything the teacher says is correctYou should ask yourself why仰I have five sentences for everyone仰 First ask why仰When you hear a sentence in the classroomDonReciting is the most serious killer of innovationId like to ask youWho can tell me the formula of

73、 triangle areaPlease raise your hands OK who can tell meWhy a triangle area is Bottom line multiplies the height, divided by twoPlease raise your handsOnly 5 or 6 people fewer than before 𰸾OK the answer isA triangle becomes a rectangle when doubledA rectangle area equals to bottom line multi

74、plied by heightA triangle is half of itYou should really understand why in order to learn moreDont just reciteMy second question isIs there another way to look at this problemId like to share a story with youIs the story of sticky notesA not so sticky paper can be stuck on board and paperHow was it

75、discovered3MIt was in Americas 3M companyThere was a scientistwho wanted to invent the most sticky glue in the worldHe made many different gluesfrom different chemistry mixturesHe tried them and then he said Oh noI have invented the least sticky glue in the worldI completely failedMany years laterA

76、friend of his told himMy bookmark falls off all the timeIs there a way to secure the bookmarkThe scientist remembered his glue and saidI once made the least sticky gluemaybe you can use it3MIt became the most profitable patentAnd product of 3M companyFrom one perspectiveOne thing can be a failureBut

77、 from another perspectiveIt could be a huge business opportunityThird whats the use for learning thisIt sounds challengingMy daughter likes to ask me this questionWhen she was studying exponentShe said it gave her a headacheand whats the use of itDoes it have anything to do with my lifeCan I not lea

78、rn exponentI said you shouldThis thing is usefulI said, for exampleyou have 100 dollars in the bank with 10% annual interestHow much money would you have ten years from nowShe said it would be 200 RMB I said wrong it would be 259 RMBShe said reallyI said if you understand exponentYou will know why t

79、he 100 RMBwill become 259 but not 200 after ten yearsShe said it sounds interestingSo she has the motivation to learn itBut if she didnt come to ask me at the beginningAbout the usefulness of exponentI might not have given her the example And she wouldnt have been motivated to study itThen her math

80、would be worseThe exponent matter wouldve hindered her谭academic advancementFourth I want to sayI will try仰I really like this sentenceId forget what I have heardId remember what I have seenId only truly understand what I have doneI remember when I was a childMy father gave usan intelligence quizThere

81、 are 6 match sticks for youto make 4 equal sized triangles He said the problem was very difficultIf anyone of you solve itIll give you this penIt was a very nice gold penI said it seems difficult,but Id like to tryHe gave me some timeAnd I solved itLets try this game nowI happen to have some match s

82、ticksLets give each of you 6It shouldnt be too difficult for youLets tryThe first table has finished I didnt bring a gold pen, sorry about thatThe second table finished tooHow about the third tableOK, very goodI believe this problem is a small dish for youBut when you think a 5-year-old childHe solv

83、ed a problem his father thought would be a big challenge for him It gave me a life long impactIt told me thatI exceeded my fathers expectationI solved a very difficult problemIt gave me confidence鲻So I think whenever there is uncertainty You should tryYoull learn from tryingThe last thing I want to

84、talk about isWhat I love to doI really really believe thatA person should follow his interestAnd do what he loves to doIf you do what you love to do Youll feel enjoyableThen I believe your probability of success will be bigger󰮵You can imagine EdisonHe was still trying to invent electric bulb

85、 after 6 thousand failuresBill Gates was hoping there would be a computer on every deskThat was his goal, his passionMr. Fan ZengYou can tell from his words黭how he loves his paintingsI believe Bill Gates wont become Fan Zengif you teach him paintingAnd Fan Zeng wont be able to invent electric bulbsI

86、ts not that theyre not smart enoughIts simply because its not their passionSo I think an innovatorlike what Wang said just not Has love and passion in his bloodIn order to realize his potentialsand become the most innovative person This will conclude my lecture on innovation todayI wish youAll becom

87、e marvelous innovators in the futureThank youNext, I would like to ask the third groupTo design a deviceWhich can help high school juniorsRelieve the pressure of their studyWhich will make their study more efficient.The picture I drew is a classroom,And there is a blackboard on this side,And then th

88、ere are two walls to both sidesThe walls are full of picturesThere is no picture on the blackboardPictures do have uplifting effects.However, it did not seem to make the students more relaxThe shadow and pressure of college entrance exams hang over everyoneWhatever you doOr more specifically about t

89、he examTo set up a short-term goal for oneselfIs not necessarily a bad thing.When in class, do those picturesDistract some students from their studyIf pictures have some distracting effectsToday what we see more is Mr. Li or that monitorBecause the static is in front of the dynamicIt always was at a

90、 disadvantageWhen you cannot hear about itYou can go to see that pictureThis device Is in fact not a hardware, but a softwareIt is called High School Junior CommunityBut then why do I have to use this software inside the classroomWhy cant I use it back at homeBecause students stay in the classroom t

91、he longestWhat do the students do with thoseCell phone inside the classroomTeacher Li said to innovate is toBreak away from the conventions Dont you think that it is a conventionNot to allow juniors to bring cell phone into classroomThis device we createdWe give it an interesting nameWe call it Entr

92、ance Exam MarchI think it fits well with the atmosphere of the entrance examThat is to give these students real drive to Achieve moreHalf a year is passedAnother semester is overDDullThen they will feel that the third DIs very boringEven if toward the end,You cannot just let themPlay with this year

93、after year.It seems that this group is less bored Compared with the first two groups The way they look at the mirror and picturesAlthough Mr Li is not a teacher,I feel that he is relaxed and confidentHow to bring this kind of education To the young Chinese in ChinaIs something we all need to Think s

94、eriouslyThe innovation that Mr Li told us todayMay be very difficultIn fact, there are innovation around us in daily lifeIf our teachersAre ready to encourage The little and small innovation of our studentsWe the parents should not do things for studentsThat, I think, will make our studentsMuch more

95、 independent and creativeHere, as a teacher myselfI also want to say that Mr Li isITThe elite of the IT industryI also hope that there will be moreelite from different sectors of lifeto do what Mr Li has been doingTo care about our educationIf that is case, I am hopeful that the future of Chinas educationWill surely be much brighter than today