虚拟语气3(精品).ppt

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1、GrammarGrammarSubjunctiveMoodSubjunctiveMoodteacher:lijieteacher:lijie虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。句句式式复复合合句句状状语语从从句句定定语语从从句句名名词词性性从从句句主主语语从从句句宾宾语语从从句句表表语语从从句句同同位位语语从从句句条条件件状状语语从从句句其其他他状状语语从从句句If条件句条件句含蓄条件句含蓄条件句简简单单句句用“may十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”may须置于句首，例如：Mayy

2、oubehappy!Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodtime!其他表示愿望、祝愿或诅咒;命令。Godblessyou.Heavenforbid!work!Bemorecareful！Yougoout!名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句含蓄条件句含蓄条件句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句其他状语从句其他状语从句If条件句条件句虚拟条件句可分为两类：虚拟条件句可分为两类：一类是叙述与现实事实相反的情况，一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。另外，还有一类用于推测将来的情况，也称作推测条件句。表示与现在

3、事实相反的假设时表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would（should,could,might）+动词原形。”ExampleIfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovies.IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhehadtime,hewouldattendthemeeting.练习题例：题例：1)1)If my father _ here now,he _ If my father _ here now,he _ tell me what to do.

4、tell me what to do.A.A.were,would B were,will C is,would D is,will were,would B were,will C is,would D is,will2)2)If I _ a bee,I _ work much If I _ a bee,I _ work much harder.harder.A were,would B were,shall C had,will D have,shouldA were,would B were,shall C had,will D have,should3)3)If I _ much mo

5、ney,I _ buy a If I _ much money,I _ buy a house.house.A have,will B had,should C had,will D have,shouldA have,will B had,should C had,will D have,should4)4)He _ learn more quickly if he _ He _ learn more quickly if he _ harder.harder.A will,work B would,worked C would,work D will,A will,work B would

6、,worked C would,work D will,workedworked5)5)If I _ you,I _ do that.If I _ you,I _ do that.A was,wouldnt B were,wouldnt C am,wonA was,wouldnt B were,wouldnt C am,wont D were,t D were,wonwont t A AA AB BB BB B表示与过去的事实相反的假设时表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would（should,could,might）+have+

7、过去分词”。Eg:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnthavefailedintheexamination.Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.练习练习1)If you _ the doctors advice,you would have recognized already.A.followed B would follow C follow D had followed2)If my lawyer _ her

8、e last Saturday,he _ me from going.A had been,would have prevented B had been,would preventC were,would prevent D were,would have prevented3)I _ if she _ me.A would have overslept,didnt call B would have overslept,hadnt called C overslept,hadnt called D would overslept,didnt call4)-If he _,he_that f

9、ood.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A was warned,would not take B had been warned,would not have taken C would be warned,had not taken D would have been warned,had not taken5)She _ to the party if she _ invited.A would have gone,had been B would go ,was C would have gone,was D has g

10、oneD DAB BB BA AIfyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifheshoulddoit,hewoulduseanotherway.1)Its quite impossible that it will rain tomorrow.But if it _,I would still go to the park.A should rain B would rain C rain D had rained2)I dont think that I sh

11、all fail.But if I _,I would try again.A should fail B would fail C failed D had failed 3)_ Tomorrow,what should we do?A If it rains B.Should it rain C.would it rain D.Were it rainingA AAcAcB BIII.III.在不同时间下，虚拟语气的三种形式，公式。I.与现在事实相反 Were mightIf+主语+过去式动词 would 过去式助动词，主语+could +V Should II.II.与过去事实相反与过去

12、事实相反 might would+have+过去分词If +主语+had+过去分词,主语+could Should Should III.III.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 Were might if +主语+过去式助动词 should were to+v 主语+would +V Should+v.Could 注：）虚拟语气中助动词be一律用were，不用was。）在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if主语should+表示可能的假设当条件状语从句行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeveryt

13、ired.Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(过去-现在.)(过去将来)(现在-过去)(过去-现在)以上句型可以转换成下列形式以上句型可以转换成下列形式:省略省略if,用用“were,had,should+主语主语”.例如:WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Ha

14、dyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.但在虚拟条件状语从句中但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.但不能说Werentitfortheexpense,IwouldgotoItaly.含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟

15、条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为化为if if引导的条件句。引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:一)用介词短语代替条件状语从句用without/butfor（要不是、如果不是）/butthat(若非)/incaseof（假如，如果发生）/Intheabsenceof（如果没有）/undermorefavorablecondition表示“要不是”、“如果没有”等，表示条件虚拟例句：Butfortheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.=Ifthereh

16、adntbeentheleadershipoftheparty,wecouldnotbelivingahappytoday.1.Withoutair,nothingcouldlive.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。2.Butforyourhelp,Icouldnthavedoneit.3.Intheabsenceofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive.如果没有水和空气，什么也不4.Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(二二)、含蓄虚拟条件句、含蓄虚拟条件句Ifonly引导的是省略了省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟语气结构，现已成为惯用法

17、，表达愿望一种不真实的条件，译成“要是就好了！”从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，对过去没有实现的或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去完成时。IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听他的话就好了IfonlyIwereabird我如果是一只鸟就好了IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages.二二)虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感叹句中引导的感叹句中一般一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned/或或was/were+不定式完成式或不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/hoped/wishe

18、d/planned/+不定式的一般式表示虚拟不定式的一般式表示虚拟。E.g.1.IintendedIshouldcallonyou,butIwasbusyatthattime.2.TohearhimspeakFrench,youcouldtakehimforanEnglishman3.Shewouldbestupidnottoaccepthisinvitation.Musthavedone一定做了(用肯定句)Couldhavedone可能（疑问句）本能够做但没做（肯定句）May/mighthavedone也许做了Should/oughttohavedone不应该做了Shouldnt/ought

19、nttohavedone本不该做Neednthavedone本不必做Couldhehavebeentoldthetime?有人告诉他时间了吗？我本能够帮你，但当时很忙。IcouldhavehelpedyoubutIwasbusythen.Ididntpasstheexam,(本不应该玩如此多的)Ioughtnottohaveplayedsomuch.Ididnthearthephone,Imusthavebeensleeping.在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should should 十动词原十动词原形形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如

20、此等的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等句型：Itis/was+形容词/过去分词/名词+that+should+do常用的形容词常用的形容词*natural,appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的),preferable(可取的),better(更好*necessary,important,imperative(急需的),urgent(急迫的),essential(本质的),vital(必不可少的)*probable,possible*desirable(极好的)常用的过去分词常用的过去分词:*required(需要的),demanded(要求),requested

21、(被请求的),desired(要求)*suggested(建议),recommended(推荐)*ordered(命令)常用的名词常用的名词：apity、ashame，nowonder，etc例如例如Itisnecessarythatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.ItwasapitythatyoushouldbesocarelessItwillbedesiredthatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”,“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限注意：注意

22、：这种从句表示的是事实如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感That从句也可用陈述语气，例如：Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.Itisapitythatyoucantswim1.1.“wishwish”在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 V-edV-ed.表现在表现在 wish+wish+主语（宾语从句中的主语）主语（宾语从句中的主语）+had+v-ed +had+v-ed 表过去表过去 could/would/might+V.could/would/might+V.表将来表将来“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉

23、语可译为“可惜”.“就好了”,“悔不该”,“但愿”等.Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyoucouldgowithus.Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.例：1.-Do you have a type writer?-No,but I wish I _.A have B had C do D had hadb.2 I wish I _ my time when I was young.A didnt waste B shouldnt have waste C hadnt wasted D wouldnt h

24、ave wasted3.I wish we _ with my brother when he flies to England next week.A could go B had gone C will go D are goingBCA V-ed 表现在或将来would rather+主语(从句中)+had+过去分词表过去例 a.I would rather you came tomorrow than today.bIwouldratheryouhadntsaidthat.c.Iwouldpreferhedidntstaytheretoolong.22would/had rather

25、would/had rather would sooner/prefer+object clause would sooner/prefer+object clause 在虚拟语气中的用法表在虚拟语气中的用法表示希望或婉转的责备。示希望或婉转的责备。注意注意：suggest表示“暗示”时不需要用虚拟语气；insist表示“坚持认为”时也不需要用虚拟语气e.g.:Herpalefacesuggestthatsheisill.Heinsiststhathedidntstealmoney.3作advice,order,demand,plan,propose,suggest,request,insis

26、t等表示“计划，要求，命令”动词的宾语从句,其后宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.Eg:Theydemandedthattheaggressortroops(should)bewithdrawnimmediately.Heinsistedthatallofusshouldcleantheblackboardafterclass.HeorderedthatthestudentswashtheclothseveryweekbyThemselves.作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名

27、词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Myideaisthatwe(should)exercisefirst如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时，指现在状况，则用过去时，指将来则用过去将来时例如：Helooksasifhewereanartist.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEnglandEvenifhewerehere，hecoul

28、dnotsolvetheproblem She often laughs spontaneously,and her good humor breaks out as She often laughs spontaneously,and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They t

29、alked as if they had been friends for years.They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry.She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了她看起来好像要哭了例如：Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。Thebadmanw

30、asputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.Hekeptquietlesthe(should)disturbher.IdidthissothatImighthaveacoupleofweekstopreparemypaper.由连接词由连接词in case,so that,in order that,unless,lest in case,so that,in order that,unless,lest,for,for fearfear that that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即shou

31、ld(might,would)+should(might,would)+动词原形，动词原形，注意注意：在以在以lest lest 引导的从句，谓语用引导的从句，谓语用should+should+动词原形，动词原形，shouldshould有有时可省时可省.若前若前in order that/so thatin order that/so that的主句是现在时，从句也可用的主句是现在时，从句也可用can/may+can/may+动词原形。动词原形。Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I Ask her to hurry up with th

32、e letters so that I can can sign sign themthem1这种从句常用在这种从句常用在 It is(high)time(that)It is(high)time(that)句型中，句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或或 shouldshould十动词原形十动词原形(should(should不能省略，不能省略，bebe用用 were)were)来表示，来表示，意为意为“(现在现在)该该”。abouttimeshould+VItis+time+that+主语hightimeV-ed/were例如：Itis(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).ltishightimeweweregoing.a.Itsabouttimethatyou_yourstore.AcloseBclosedChaveclosedDhadclosedb.Itshightimethathe_tothinkhowtodealwiththemoney.AwouldbeginBbeganCbeginDwillbegin1_B2_BThank Thank you!you!