(精品)化学专业英语1.ppt

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1、Part one Inorganic ChemistryLecture 1MeasurementsMatterElectronic and Atomic Structure Periodic Table Nomenclature Lecture 2 Gases and Liquids Solution Chemistry Acids and Bases Buffers Measurement in ChemistryMacroscopic propertiesMicroscopic propertiesSI Unit-International System of Units British

2、UnitsUnits French:Systme Interationale dUnitesMeter stick lengthScaleWeight,massbalancePipet Graduated cylinderVolumetric flaskVolumeburetTemperature ThermometerSI Base UnitsBase QuantityName of UnitSymbollengthmetermmasskilogramkgtimesecondselectrical current ampereAtemperaturekelvinKamount of subs

3、tancemolemolluminous intensitycandelacdFactor NameSymbolExample1024yottaY1021zettaZ1018exaE1015petaP1012teraT1 terameter(Tm)=110 12 m 109gigaG1 gigameter(Gm)=110 9 m106megaM1 megameter(Mm)=1106 m103kilok1 kilometer(km)=110 3 m 102hectoh101dekadaPrefixesFactor NameSymbolExample10-1decid1 decimeter(dm

4、)=0.1 m10-2centic1 centimeter(cm)=0.01 m10-3millim1 millimeter(mm)=0.001 m10-6micro1 micrometer(m)=110-6 m10-9nanon1 nanometer(nm)=110-9 m10-12picop1 picometer(pm)=110-12 m10-15femtof10-18attoa10-21zeptoz10-24yoctoyVolumeCubic meter m3,literDensityKilogram per cubic meter kg/m3Temperature scaleF deg

5、rees FahrenheitC degrees Celsius K kelvin SI unit the absolute temperature scaleTc=(5/9)(Tf-32)kelvin=degree Celsius+273.15 Summary buretpipetgraduated cylinderflaskmassdegree Celsiusdegree FahrenheitKelvindensitySI unitmacroscopic propertymicroscopic propertysignificant figures滴定管移液管量筒烧瓶质量摄氏温度华氏温度开

6、尔文（热力学温标）密度国际单位宏观性质微观性质有效数字Atomic StructureMass numberatomic numbersymbolThe Periodic TableElement Groups(Families)Alkali metal Alkaline EarthTransition MetalsRare EarthOther MetalsMetalloidsNon-MetalsHalogensNoble Gases原子序数元素符号中文名称拉丁文名英文名1H氢HydrogeniumHydrogen2He氦HeliumHelium3Li锂LithumLithium4Be铍Be

7、rylliumBeryllium5B硼BoriumBoron6C碳CarboniumCarbon7N氮NitrogeniumNitrogen8O氧OxygeniumOxygen9F氟FluorumFluorine10Ne氖NeonumNeon11Na钠NatriumSodium12Mg镁MagnesiumMagnesium13Al铝AluminiumAluminum14Si硅SiliciumSilicon15P磷PhosphyorumPhosphorus16S硫SulphuSulfur17Cl氯ChlorumChlorine18A氩ArgonumArgon19K钾KaliumPotassium

8、20Ca钙CalciumCalcium21Sc钪ScandiumScandium22Ti钛TitaniumTitanium23V钒VanadiumVanadium24Cr铬ChromiumChromium25Mn锰ManganumManganese26Fe铁FerrumIron27Co钴CobaltumCobalt28Ni镍NiccolumNickel29Cu铜CuprumCopper30Zn锌ZincumZinc31Ga镓GalliumGallium32Ge锗GermaniumGermanium33As砷ArseniumArsenic34Se硒SeleniumSelenium35Br溴Bro

9、miumBromine36Kr氪KryptomumKryptonElectronic structure of the elementsGround state electron configuration1s22s22p63s1Atomic orbitalValence shellNomenclature of Inorganic CompoundsIonic compoundsBinary Compounds of nonmetalsoxyacidsCoordination CompoundsIonic compoundsPositive ions (cations)-the elemen

10、ts and groups with positive charges-monoatomic positive ion takes the name of the metal from which they are derived-a metal forms more than one ionFe2+iron(II)Fe3+iron(III)ferrousferricCu+Copper(I)Cu2+Copper(II)cuprous cupric-ouslower oxidation states-ichigher oxidation states-polyatomic cation NH4+

11、ammonium Hg22+mercury(I)/mercurousMonoatomic anions named by adding the suffix -ide to the stem of the name of the nonmetal which they are derived.Negative ions(anions)N3-nitrideO2-oxideS2-sulfideF-fluorideH-hydrideCl-chlorideBr-bromideI-iodidePolyatomic anionsOH-hydroxide O22-peroxideCO32-carbonate

12、PO43-phosphateNO3-nitrateNO2-nitriteSO42-sulfateSO32-sulfiteClO4-perchlorateClO32-chlorateClO2-chloriteClO-hypochloriteOxyanions containing hydrogenHCO3-hydrogen carbonateHSO4-hydrogen sulfateHPO42-hydrogen phosphateH2PO4-dihydrogen phosphate-ate higher oxidation states-ite lowerer oxidation statesP

13、er-the highest oxidation stateHypo-the lowest oxidation stateCompoundsCaCl2 FeBr2(NH4)2SO4Fe(ClO4)2 NaHCO3calcium chlorideiron(II)bromideammonium sulfateiron(II)perchloratesodium hydrogen carbonate Binary Compounds of nonmetalsHCl hydrogen chlorideH2S hydrogen sulfideNF3 nitrogen fluorideN2O5 dinitr

14、ogen pentoxideN2O4 dinitrogen tetroxideNO2 nitrogen dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxideNO nitrogen oxideN2O dinitrogen oxideGreek prefixes:Di=twoTri=threeTetra=fourPenta=five Hexa=sixH2O waterH2O2 hydrogen peroxideNH3 ammoniaN2H4 hydrazinePH3 phosphineAsH3 arsineNO nitric oxideN2O nitrous oxideoxyacidsH

15、2CO3 carbonic acidHNO3 nitric acidH2SO4 sulfuric acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO3 chloric acidHNO2 nitrous acidHSO3 sulfurous acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO hypochlorous acidCO32-carbonateNO3-nitrateSO42-sulfateClO4-perchlorateClO3-chlorateNO2-nitriteSO32-sulfiteClO2-chloriteClO-hypochloriteOxyanions-ic-

16、ate-ous-iteCoordination CompoundsCo(NH3)4Cl2 H2OCentral metal ionligandsanionhydrateCoordination Compounds1.Cation is named first,followed by anion2.More than one ligand of a particular type attached to central atom use Greek prefixes to indicate number of the ligands use bis-or tris-instead of di-o

17、r tri-for complex ligand3.naming a complex ion:(reverse of the formula order)ionic ligands neutral ligands central Cr(NH3)4Cl2ClDichlorotetramminechromium(III)chlorideCo(en)3(NO3)3Tris(ethylenediammine)cobalt(III)nitrate4.Anionic ligands use suffix -o Cl-chloro CO32-carbonato OH-hydroxo CN cyano5.Ne

18、utral ligands usually not changed exceptions:H2O aquo NH3 amminePt(H2O)3ClBrChlorotriaquoplatinum(II)bromideCr(NH3)4Cl2ClDichlorotetramminechromium(III)chloride6.Oxidation number of central metal atom is indicated by a Roman numeral.if the complex is an anion,the suffix ate is added to the Latin ste

19、m of the name of the metal.K3Fe(CN)6Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)K4Fe(CN)6Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)Potassium ferricyanidePotassium ferrocyanideSummary acid-base reactionalkali metalalkaline earth metalallotropeisotope chemical formulaempirical formulamoleculehalogenhydratelaw of conservation

20、of massmass number metalloidneutronnucleusHeterogeneousHomogeneous酸碱反应碱金属碱土金属同素异形体同位素化学式经验式分子卤素水合物质量守恒定律质量数准金属，非金属中子原子核多相的均相的alloyoxyacidoxyanionprotonradiationradioactivityternary compoundActinideslanthanidedesignationconfigurationground stateinner buildingnoble gastransition elementvalence shellIUPAC合金含氧酸含氧负离子质子辐射放射性三元化合物锕系元素镧系金属标志构型基态内部结构惰性气体过度元素价电子层国际纯粹与应用化学会