(精品)当代研究生英语(下)课件 第一单元.ppt

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1、外语教学与研究出版社当代研究生英语读写教程 制作者：田翠芸制作者：田翠芸Book OneReading and Writing外语教学与研究出版社Unit 1Book One外语教学与研究出版社ContentWarming-upWarming-upReadingReadingWritingWritingText AText AText BText BBook One外语教学与研究出版社 1.Watch the video Clip about Mans life:Watching&DiscussingBook One外语教学与研究出版社2.Watch a Flash about womens

2、life:Watching&DiscussingBook One外语教学与研究出版社2.Have a 5-minute discussion with your partners on the following topics:What are the main features and responsibilities of each stage in peoples whole life?What is your definition of successful life?Is there any difference between the standard for man and wo

3、man?Watching&DiscussingBook One PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH(I)Gail Sheehy Text ABook One外语教学与研究出版社ReadingText AText StudyText StudyMain Idea&StructureMain Idea&StructureSentence AnalysisSentence AnalysisLanguage PointsLanguage PointsUseful ExpressionsUseful ExpressionsText TranslationText TranslationBo

4、ok One外语教学与研究出版社Main IdeanFirst reading:Scan the text and try tocatchthemainidea.:For your referencenSecondreading:readthepassageagainandtrytoidentifythestructureofthispassage.For your referenceBook One外语教学与研究出版社Theauthorprobesintothetwoperiodsinhumanlife:theteenageandthetwenties.Theteenageperiodisf

5、eaturedbyyoungpeoplestrivingtobeindependentoftheirfamily,butstill feeling a bit uncertain about themselves.The nextperiodischaracterizedwithyoungpeoplebeginningtothinkseriouslyaboutstartingtheirlifeandwork.Theybegintochooseandmakedecisions,butstillnotrationalenoughandquiteoftenwithillusions.Main Ide

6、aBook One外语教学与研究出版社StructurePara.5-10Para.1-4Para.11-19Main idea:Main idea:Main idea:Apersonslifeincorporatesbothexternalandinternalaspects,andtheinnerrealmiswherethecrucialshiftsinbedrocktakeplaces.Theteenageperiod:youngpeopletrytogetawayfromthefamily.TheTwenties:peopleinthisperiodfaceenormoustasks

7、.Toshapeadreamisthemostimportantoneamongthesetasks.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Text StudyBook One外语教学与研究出版社1Apersonslifeatanygiventimeincorporatesbothexternaland internal aspects.The external system is composed of ourmembershipsintheculture:ourjob,socialclass,familyandsocialroles,howwepresentourselvestoandpar

8、ticipateintheworld.Theinteriorrealmconcernsthemeaningsthisparticipationhasforeachofus.Inwhatwaysareourvalues,goals,andaspirationsbeing invigorated or violated by our present life system?Howmanypartsofourpersonalitycanweliveout,andwhatpartsarewesuppressing?Howdowefeelaboutourwayoflivingintheworldatan

9、ygiventime?2Theinnerrealmiswherethecrucialshiftsinbedrockbegintothrowapersonoffbalance,signalingthenecessitytochangeandmoveontoanewfootinginthenextstageofdevelopment.Thesecrucialshiftsoccurthroughoutlife,yetpeopleconsistentlyrefusetorecognizethattheypossessaninternallifesystem.Askanyone Para.1-2Audi

10、oBook One外语教学与研究出版社Para.2-3whoseemsdown,“Whyareyoufeelinglow?”Mostwilldisplacetheinner message onto a marker event:“Ive been down since wemoved,sinceIchangedjobs,sincemywifewentbacktograduateschoolandturnedintoadamnsocialworkerinsackcloth,”andsoon.Probably less than ten percent would say:“There is s

11、omeunknowndisturbancewithinme,andeventhoughitspainful,IfeelIhavetostaywithitandrideitout.”Evenfewerpeoplewouldbeabletoexplainthattheturbulencetheyfeelmayhavenoexternalcause.Andyetitmaynotresolveitselfforseveralyears.3Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfou

12、rareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftimedowehaveplentyofit,orarewebeginningtofeelthattimeisrunningout?Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazyse

13、nsationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeaction.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Para.4-64Theworkofadultlifeisnoteasy.Asinchildhood,eachsteppresentsnotonlynewtasksofdevelopmentbutrequiresalettinggoofthetechniquesthatworkedbefore.Witheachpassagesomemagicmustbegivenup,somecherishe

14、dillusionofsafetyandcomfortablyfamiliar sense of self must be cast off,to allow for the greaterexpansionofourowndistinctiveness.Pulling Up Roots5Before18,themottoisloudandclear:“Ihavetogetawayfrommyparents.”Butthewordsareseldomconnectedtoaction.Generallystillsafelypartofourfamilies,evenifawayatschoo

15、l,wefeelourautonomytobesubjecttoerosionfrommomenttomoment.6After18,webeginPullingUpRootsinearnest.College,militaryservice,andshort-termtravelsareallcustomaryvehiclesoursocietyprovidesforthefirstroundtripsbetweenfamilyandabaseofonesBook One外语教学与研究出版社Para.6-7own.In the attempt to separate our view of

16、the world from ourfamilysview,despitevigorousprotestationstothecontrary“IknowexactlywhatIwant!”wecastaboutforanybeliefswecancallourown.Andintheprocessoftestingthosebeliefsweareoftendrawntofads,preferablythosemostmysteriousandinaccessibletoourparents.7Whatevertentativemembershipswetryoutintheworld,th

17、efear haunts us that we are really kids who cannot take care ofourselves.Wecoverthatfearwithactsofdefianceandmimickedconfidence.For allies to replace our parents,we turn to ourcontemporaries.They become conspirators.So long as theirperspectivemesheswithourown,theyareabletosubstitute substitute forfo

18、rthesanctuaryofthefamily.Butthatdoesntlastverylong.Andtheinstanttheydivergefromtheshakyidealsof“ourgroup”,theyareseenasbetrayers.Reboundstothefamilyarecommonbetweentheagesof18and22.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Para.8-108Thetasksofthispassagearetolocateourselvesinapeergrouprole,asexrole,ananticipatedoccupation,

19、anideologyorworldview.Asaresult,wegathertheimpetustoleavehomephysicallyandtheidentitytobeginleavinghomeemotionally.9Evenasonepartofusseekstobeanindividual,anotherpartlongstorestorethesafetyandcomfortofmergingwithanother.Thusoneofthemostpopularmythsofthispassageis:Wecanpiggybackour development by att

20、aching to a Stronger One.But people whomarryduringthistimeoftenprolongfinancialandemotionaltiestothefamilyandrelativesthatimpedethemfrombecomingself-sufficient.10 A stormy passage through the Pulling Up Roots years willprobablyfacilitatethenormalprogressionoftheadultlifecycle.Ifonedoesnthaveanidenti

21、tycrisisatthispoint,itwilleruptduringalatertransition,whenthepenaltiesmaybehardertobear.Book One外语教学与研究出版社 The Trying Twenties11TheTryingTwentiesconfrontuswiththequestionofhowtotakeholdintheadultworld.Ourfocusshiftsfromtheinteriorturmoilsoflate adolescence“Who am I?”“What is truth?”and we becomealmo

22、sttotallypreoccupiedwithworkingouttheexternals.“HowdoIputmyaspirationsintoeffect?”“Whatisthebestwaytostart?”“WheredoIgo?”“Whocanhelpme?”“Howdidyoudoit?”12Inthisperiod,whichislongerandmorestablecomparedwiththepassagethatleadstoit,thetasksareasenormousastheyareexhilarating:To shape a Dream,that vision

23、 of ourselves which willgenerateenergy,aliveness,andhope.Toprepareforalifework.Tofindamentorifpossible.Andtoformthecapacityforintimacy,withoutlosingintheprocesswhateverconsistencyofselfwehavethusfarmustered.Thefirstteststructuremustbeerectedaroundthelifewechoosetotry.Para.11-12Book One外语教学与研究出版社13Do

24、ingwhatwe“should”isthemostpervasivethemeofthetwenties.The“shoulds”are largely defined by family models,thepressoftheculture,ortheprejudicesofourpeers.Iftheprevailingculturalinstructionsarethatoneshouldgetmarriedandsettledownbehindonesowndoor,anuclearfamilyisborn.14 One of the terrifying aspects of t

25、he twenties is the innerconvictionthatthechoiceswemakeareirrevocable.Itislargelyafalse fear.Change is quite possible,and some alteration of ouroriginalchoicesisprobablyinevitable.15Twoimpulses,asalways,areatwork.Oneistobuildafirm,safestructureforthefuturebymakingstrongcommitments,to“beset”.Yetpeople

26、whoslipintoaready-madeformwithoutmuchself-examinationarelikelytofindthemselveslockedin.16Theotherurgeistoexploreandexperiment,keepinganystructure tentative and therefore easily reversible.Taken to theextreme,thesearepeoplewhoskipfromonetrialjobandonePara.13-16Book One外语教学与研究出版社limitedpersonalencount

27、ertoanother,spendingtheirtwentiesinthetransientstate.17Althoughthechoicesofourtwentiesarenotirrevocable,theydo set in motion a Life Pattern.Some of us follow the locked-inpattern,others the transient pattern,the wunderkind pattern,thecaregiverpattern,andthereareanumberofothers.Suchpatternsstrongly i

28、nfluence the particular questions raised for each personduringeachpassagethroughthelife.18Buoyedbypowerfulillusionsandbeliefinthepowerofthewill,wecommonlyinsistinourtwentiesthatwhatwehavechosentodoistheonetruecourseinlife.Ourbacksgoupatthemeresthintthatwearelikeourparents,thattwodecadesofparentaltra

29、iningmightbereflectedinourcurrentactionsandattitudes.19“Notme,”isthemotto,“Imdifferent.”Para.16-19Book One外语教学与研究出版社Sentence AnalysisBook One外语教学与研究出版社1.(Para.1,Line4-5)In what ways are our values,goals,and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system.values:做“价值观”用时必须是复数形式。a

30、spiration:astrongdesireorambition渴望e.g.Hehasseriousaspirationsforacareerinpolitics.invigorate:makesb.feelmorelivelyandhealthy鼓舞Paraphrase:译文：译文：我我们们目目前前的的生生活活体体系系是是符符合合我我们们的的价价值值观观、目目标标和和理理想想呢呢，还还是是与与之之相违背？相违背？In what ways are our values,goals and desires being respected or neglected by our present

31、way of life?Book One外语教学与研究出版社2.(Para.6.Line1-3)College,military service,and short-term travels are all customary vehicles our society provides for the first round trips between family and a base of ones own.customary:commonlypracticed,used;usual 习惯上的习惯上的vehicle:ameansbywhichthoughts,feelings,etc.ca

32、nbeexpressedortransferred（传达的）手段roundtrip:往返的，双程的Paraphrase:译文：译文：上上大大学学、服服兵兵役役以以及及短短期期外外出出旅旅行行等等自自然然是是社社会会为为我我们们提提供供的的第第一一次次在家庭和自己的基地之间进行的双程旅行。在家庭和自己的基地之间进行的双程旅行。College,military service,and short-term travels are all usual means our society provides for us to be able to move first from our family

33、to the place where we will stay and return if we would like.Book One外语教学与研究出版社3.(Para.7,Line4-5)So long as their perspective meshes with our own,they are able to substitute for the sanctuary of the family.perspective：apointofview观点，看法meshwithsth.:beinharmonywithsth.elsesubstitutefor:taketheplaceof取代

34、sanctuary：aplaceofrefugeorasylum避难所或躲避处Paraphrase:译文：译文：只要同伴与我们的看法一致，意趣相投，他们就可以取代家庭的庇护。只要同伴与我们的看法一致，意趣相投，他们就可以取代家庭的庇护。If only their views agree with our own,they are able to replace the position of our family to protect us.Book One外语教学与研究出版社4.(Para.11,Line3)we become almost totally preoccupied with

35、working out the externals.be/becomepreoccupiedwith:bebusywithsth.sothatoneisunabletothinkaboutordealwithanythingelsee.g.Ive been too preoccupied with my work to even think abouttakingaholiday.workout:findtheanswerto;solve,workoutaproblem/puzzletheexternals:thequestionsrelatedtoexternallifeParaphrase

36、:译文：译文：我们几乎完全沉浸在有关外部生活的问题上。我们几乎完全沉浸在有关外部生活的问题上。Our mind are almost filled up with questions related to external life.Book One外语教学与研究出版社5.(Para.15,Line2-3)Yet people who slip into a ready-made form without much self-examination are likely to find themselves locked in.slip:to move smoothly,easily,and

37、quietly 滑进self-examination:an introspective consideration of ones own thoughts or emotions 自省，自察lockedin:(of money)placed where it cant be taken out until a certain time or other condition(钱)搁死，存定期Paraphrase:译文：译文：不过那些未经深思熟虑就落入一种现成的生活模式的人，往往到头来不过那些未经深思熟虑就落入一种现成的生活模式的人，往往到头来会发现自己陷入了一个十分狭小的天地里而不能自拔。会发

38、现自己陷入了一个十分狭小的天地里而不能自拔。Yet people who adjust themselves to a ready-made form without thinking otherwise are likely to find themselves confined to it.Book One外语教学与研究出版社Language PointsBook One外语教学与研究出版社 cherish vt.carefortenderly;keep alive(hope,ambition,feelings,etc.)inonesheart珍爱；心中怀着(希望，志向，感情等)e.g.T

39、heycherishedthechildasoneoftheirown.他们把这孩子当作自己亲生子女一般。Peoplealwayscherishthememoryofthenationalhero.人们永远怀念这位民族英雄。Thelong-cherishedhopeishardtorealize.夙愿难偿。Book One外语教学与研究出版社n.opendisobedienceorresistance;refusaltorecognizeauthority;defying挑战；蔑视；违抗e.g.Hisdefianceofthelawcosthimdearly.蔑视法律使他付出沉重的代价。The

40、childshoweddefiancebyrefusingtoeat.那孩子拒绝吃东西以示反抗。Hewentinopendefianceofmyorder.他全然不顾我的命令还是去了。defiance Book One外语教学与研究出版社vi.from(oflines,paths,opinions,etc.)getfartherapartfromapointorfromeachotherastheyprogress;turnorbranchawayfrom分歧；离题(+from)=deviatee.g.Hisaccountoftheeventdivergedfromthetruth.他对那个事

41、件的叙述偏离了事实。Thesefiguresandthelastonesdivergegreatly.这些数字与上次的数字有很大差异。Herpoliticsandminedivergegreatly.她的政见和我大不相同。diverge Book One外语教学与研究出版社 facilitatevt.makeeasy;lessenthedifficultyof(指物体/方式)使容易，使便利e.g.Theportgreatlyfacilitatesthepassageofoil.这个港口极大使石油运输便捷很多。Moderninventionsfacilitatehousework.许多现代发明让

42、家务劳动变得轻松。Zipcodesareusedtofacilitatemailservice.邮政编码方便了邮递服务。Book One外语教学与研究出版社vt.getinthewayof;hinder阻碍；妨碍e.g.TherescueattemptwasimpededByBadweather.营救工作受到恶劣天气的妨碍。Thisshouldnotimpedenormalstaterelations.这不该妨碍正常的国家关系。Hisdeparturewasimpededbythesnow.大雪使他无法离开。impedeBook One外语教学与研究出版社vt.imitateorpretend

43、模仿e.g.Theactoramusedtheaudiencebymimickingsomewell-knownpeople.那位演员模仿某些名人，以此逗乐观众。Thereareinsectswhichmimicleaves.有些昆虫极像叶子。mimicBook One外语教学与研究出版社 pervasiveadj.tendingtospreadthrougheverypartof弥漫的；渗透的e.g.thepervasivebeautyoftropicalcountry热带国家无处不在的美thepervasiveodorofgarlic弥漫着蒜味Thesearethemostpervasiv

44、eofChinesemusicalforms.吹打乐是中国最普遍的器乐种类。Book One外语教学与研究出版社 suppressvt.preventfrombeingknownorseen抑制；隐瞒e.g.shewasstrugglingtosuppresshersob.她拼命不让自己哭出声来。suppressonesname隐瞒姓名，隐姓埋名suppressinformation封锁消息Book One外语教学与研究出版社adj.lastingforashorttimeonly;brief短暂的；易逝的e.g.Herfeelingofdepressionwastransient.她的抑郁情

45、绪一会儿就过去了。transienthappiness短暂的幸福atransientgleamofhope转瞬即逝的希望 transient Book One外语教学与研究出版社Useful ExpressionsBook One外语教学与研究出版社 substitute forput,usesthinplaceofsthelse替换e.g.Inmakingthisfood,youcansubstitutevegetableoilforbutter.做这种食物时，你可以用植物油代替黄油。(Causeto)taketheplaceofsb（使）代替（某人）e.g.Canyousubstitute

46、forthesingerwhoisill?你能代替那位生病的歌手吗？Book One外语教学与研究出版社 allow formakeanallowancefor原谅、体谅e.g.toallowforonesignorance原谅某人的无知toallowforthecircumstance体谅情形takeintoconsideration考虑e.g.Weshouldallowfortheseriousflood.我们应该考虑到水灾的影响。leaveamarginoftimeorspace准备e.g.Somedressesshouldbemadelargertoallowforshrinkingw

47、hentheyarewashed.有些衣服应该做大一些，以防缩水。Book One外语教学与研究出版社 cast offremove,nolongerwear(clothes)andgetridofthem脱掉；丢弃（衣服）e.g.Asthesungrewwarmer,Shecastoffherheavywinterclothes.太阳越来越暖和，于是她把冬衣搁在一边了。Hecastoffhisclothesanddivedintothecoolwaterofthelake.他脱掉衣服，一头扎进冰冷的湖水中。freeoneselfform(sthunwanted)摆脱（讨厌的事）e.g.She

48、waspleasedtobeabletocastoffsuchanunwelcomeresponsibility.她很高兴，终于摆脱了这么讨厌的职责。Book One外语教学与研究出版社 ride out 常常作作ride sth out 或或 ride out sthridealongdistance,asoutoftown骑马远行（出城）e.g.Letsrideouttothemountainswhiletheweatherisgood.天气很好，我们骑马到山里玩吧？comesafelythroughanykindoftrouble(suchasastorm)平安度过（暴风雨等）e.g.I

49、shisboatstrongenoughtorideoutthestormsoftheCape.他的船能经得起好望角的风暴吗？Ithinkwewillrideoutthecrisis.我认为我们会平安度过这次危机的。Book One外语教学与研究出版社gainpossession,control,orinfluence占据，控制，或影响e.g.Itwasclearthatmyplanhadtakenholduponhisfancy.很明显，我的计划投合了他的心意。assumeresponsibility负起责任e.g.Therewasanewteacherandhewastakingholdf

50、ast.来了一个新老师，他很快负起了责任。becomeattached,takeroot固定，扎根e.g.Itshardforhimtotakeholdinthestrangeplace.他要立足于这个陌生的地方是很难的。take holdBook One外语教学与研究出版社Text TranslationBook One外语教学与研究出版社译文译文人生旅程人生旅程1 1 一一个个人人在在每每一一特特定定时时期期内内的的生生活活都都是是由由外外部部生生活活和和内内心心生生活活这这两两个个方方面面结结合合而而成成的的。外外部部生生活活是是指指我我们们在在文文明明社社会会中中的的实实际际生生活活，