2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》全真模拟卷一.docx

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1、2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一全真模拟卷一材料题根据下面资料，（江南博哥）回答1-20题 What do people really feel?This has never been an easy thing for companies to 1. For one thing, emotions are inherently difficult to 2. For another, theres often a 3 between what people say they feel and what they actually feel.A lot of companies use

2、focus groups and surveys to 4 how people feel. Now, emotional AI technology can help businesses 5 the emotional reactions in real timeby decoding facial expressions, 6 voice patterns, monitoring eye movements, and measuring neurological immersion levels, 7. The ultimate 8 is a much better understand

3、ing of their customersand even their employees.9 the subjective nature of emotions, emotional AI is especially prone to bias. For example, one study found that emotional analysis technology 10 more negative emotions to people of certain ethnicities than to others. Consider the consequences in the wo

4、rkplace, 11 an algorithm consistently identifying an individual as exhibiting negative emotions might 12 career progression.AI is often also not sophisticated enough to understand cultural differences 13 expressing and reading emotions, making it harder to draw 14 conclusions. For instance, a smile

5、might mean one thing in Germany and 15 in Japan. 16 these meanings can lead businesses to make wrong decisions. Imagine a Japanese tourist needing 17 while visiting a shop in Berlin. If the shop used emotion recognition to 18 which customers to support, the shop assistant might mistake their smile19

6、 of politeness back homeas an indication that they didnt require help.20, if left unaddressed, conscious or unconscious emotional bias can perpetuate stereotypes and assumptions at an unprecedented scale.查看材料1. 【完形填空】第（1）题选A. measureB. determineC. acknowledgeD. ignore正确答案：B参考解析：本文节选自Harvard Business

7、 Review: The Risks of Using AI to Interpret Human Emotions.【答题思路】本空所在句的“This”指第一段“What do people really feel?”（人们真正的感受是什么？），由于人们的感受是主观抽象的，所以只有选项B填入符合语境及逻辑，本句意为：“人们真正的感受是什么”对于公司来说从来都不是一件容易确定的事情。选项Bdetermine为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：测量。measure用作动词的基本意思是“测量”，指用某种工具或仪器测出某物在某方面的具体数据以便对其进行分分析，从而得出结论或完成任务，其宾语多为有形物质；

8、选项B：确定，决定；选项C：承认，认可；选项D：忽视。查看材料2. 【完形填空】第（2）题选A. readB. exposeC. vanishD. tolerate正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，此空所在句意为：一方面，情绪本身就难以解读。根据前后文，可以推断出此处选项A符合原文大意及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：解读，看透（想法或心思）；选项B：揭露，揭发（不好或不道德的事情）。代入后语义不当，故排除；选项C：突然不见，消失。代入后语义不当，故排除；选项D：忍受。代入后语义不当，故排除。查看材料3. 【完形填空】第（3）题选A. dishonestyB. re

9、strictionC. disconnectD. separation正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：另一方面，人们说出来的感受和他们实际的感受之间常常存在差异。选项C意为“断开连接；差异，缺乏联系”，符合语境及逻辑，为正确选项。 【选项辨析】选项A：不诚实，欺诈。强调不诚实的行为，代入后语义不当，故排除；选项B：限制，约束。代入后语义不当，故排除；选项D：分开，分隔。代入后语义不当，故排除。查看材料4. 【完形填空】第（4）题选A. forecastB. rememberC. expressD. understand正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根

10、据首段我们可以推断出，该空所在句意为：许多公司利用焦点小组和调查去理解人们的感受。选项D“理解”符合此处语境，故D项正确。 【选项辨析】选项A：预言，预测。代入后为“预测感受”，语义得当，但与前后文逻辑不符，故排除；选项B：记得，记起。代入后语义及逻辑不当，故排除；选项C：表达。代入后语义及逻辑不当，故排除；查看材料5. 【完形填空】第（5）题选A. captureB. postponeC. controlD. compare正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：现在，情绪人工智能技术可以帮助企业实时捕捉情绪反应。选项A“俘获，捕捉”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项

11、。【选项辨析】选项B：推迟，延缓。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：控制。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项D：比较。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料6. 【完形填空】第（6）题选A. displayingB. sharingC. storingD. analyzing正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：通过解码面部表情、分析声音模式、监测眼球运动，以及测量神经系统沉浸程度的方式.故选项D“分析”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：展示。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项B：分享。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：储存。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材

12、料7. 【完形填空】第（7）题选A. in effectB. as a resultC. for exampleD. in a sense正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：现在，情绪人工智能技术可以帮助企业实时捕捉情绪反应，例如通过解码面部表情、分析声音模式、监测眼球运动，以及测量神经系统沉浸程度的方式 。这里后半部分是对实时捕捉情绪反应的举例说明，选项C“例如”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：实际上，用于引出事实。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项B：作为结果，用于引出结果。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项D：从某种意义上说。代入后与原文不符，

13、故排除。查看材料8. 【完形填空】第（8）题选A. outcomeB. reliefC. planD. duty正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：最终的结果是可以更好地理解他们的客户，甚至是他们的员工。前文提及，用人工智能实时捕捉情绪反应来理解人们的感受。对于公司来说，准确地了解人们的感受就可以更好地了解他们的客户，因此更好地了解客户是用人工智能实时捕捉情绪反应的一种目的或者结果。选项A“结果”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B：慰藉。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：计划。代入后颠倒了文中的逻辑关系，应该是用某计划来达到某种目的，而不是反过来

14、，与原文不符，故排除；选项D：责任。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料9. 【完形填空】第（9）题选A. Instead ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. Regardless of正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：由于情绪的主观性，情绪性人工智能尤其容易产生偏差（bias）。选项C“由于”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：代替.；而不是。代入后与原文逻辑不符，故排除；选项B：尽管。代入后与原文逻辑不符，故排除；选项D：不顾。代入后与原文逻辑不符，故排除。查看材料10. 【完形填空】第（10）题选A. assig

15、nsB. imposesC. arrangesD. donates正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：例如，一项研究发现，情绪分析技术分配给某些种族的负面情绪比给其他人的更多。选项A意为“分配”，与to作词组assign sth. to.搭配，符合原文大意及逻辑，选项A为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B：把（自己的观点、信仰等）强加于。用作 impose sth. onupon. 故排除；选项C：安排。arrange接具体的人或东西后接介词for，并且此处与原文大意不符，故排除；选项D：赠送。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料11. 【完形填空】第（11）题选A

16、. whyB. whenC. thatD. where正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：考虑工作场所的后果，一个算法持续识别个人表现出负面情绪. 此空考查到语法，需要填入一个在从句中作地点状语来引导定语从句的词，选项D“where”符合，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项ABC填入去修饰先行词 the workplace 都不符合原文大意，选项A表原因，选项B表时间，选项C无意义。查看材料12. 【完形填空】第（12）题选A. achieveB. affectC. extractD. reflect正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在

17、句意为：考虑工作场所的后果，一个算法持续识别个人表现出负面情绪可能会影响职业发展。选项B“（通常指不好的）影响”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：完成，实现。代入后与原文大意不符，故排除；选项C：提炼。代入后与原文大意不符，故排除；选项D：反映。代入后与原文大意不符，故排除。查看材料13. 【完形填空】第（13）题选A. onB. inC. atD. of正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：人工智能通常也不够精密，无法理解人们在表达和解读情感方面的文化差异。表示“在方面的差别”，difference后面通常用介词 in，故选项B为正确选项。【选

18、项辨析】difference in 表示“在方面的差别”，为固定搭配，其余三个选项均无此用法，故排除。查看材料14. 【完形填空】第（14）题选A. similarB. contraryC. accurateD. speedy正确答案：C参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：人工智能通常也不够精确，无法理解人们在表达和解读情感方面的文化差异，这使得人们更难得出准确的结论。选项C“精确地，准确的”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：相似的。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项B：相反的。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项D：迅速的。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料15.

19、 【完形填空】第（15）题选A. anotherB. otherC. nothingD. anything正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：例如，微笑在德国可能意味着某种意思，而在日本可能意味着另一种意思。此处我们可以得知微笑的含义有很多种，是不确定的，指不确定的“一个.另一个.”时用 one another ，故选项A“另一（事物）”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B：其他的。没有one. other的用法，与原文不符，故排除；选项C：无关紧要的事。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项D：任何事情。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料16. 【完形填

20、空】第（16）题选A. IdentifyingB. ConfusingC. IgnoringD. Defining正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：混淆这些含义可能会导致企业做出错误的决定。选项B“混淆”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：识别。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：忽视。语义得当，但与后文所举的例子不符，故排除；选项D：使明确。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料17. 【完形填空】第（17）题选A. concernB. confidenceC. toleranceD. assistance正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后

21、文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：试想一下，一位日本游客在柏林参观一家商店时需要帮助。后文中的which customers to support（哪些顾客需要帮助）再次呼应了前文大意，故选项D“帮助”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：关心。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项B：自信。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：忍耐。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料18. 【完形填空】第（18）题选A. prioritizeB. symbolizeC. categorizeD. memorize正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：如果商店使用情绪识别来决定要优

22、先帮助哪些顾客。选项A“优先处理”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B：象征。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：分类。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项D：记忆。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料19. 【完形填空】第（19）题选A. messageB. codeC. noticeD. sign正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：如果商店使用情绪识别来决定要优先帮助哪些顾客，店员可能会把他们的微笑这在日本是礼貌的象征错当成他们不需要帮助的表现。因为前文提到微笑在不同的国家含义不同。故选项D“标志，象征”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A：消

23、息。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项B：密码。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：通知。代入后与原文不符，故排除。查看材料20. 【完形填空】第（20）题选A. In shortB. In returnC. In particularD. In contrast正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据前后文可以推测出，该空所在句意为：简而言之，如果不加以解决，有意识或无意识的情感偏见可能会以前所未有的规模使刻板印象和假设永久化。选项A“简而言之”符合语义及逻辑，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B：作为回报。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项C：尤其。代入后与原文不符，故排除；选项D：相反的是。代入后与原文不

24、符，故排除。材料题根据下面资料，回答21-25题 College students like to think about the future, the satisfying careers and happy lives to come. But without good financial planning, these dreams can turn to dust. Students today confront a dizzying array of financial choices, and they are often woefully unprepared to make

25、them. The result can be anxiety that affects their studies, or a debt load that may burden them for years.As teachers of financial literacy, parents and public schools havent been getting the job done.Thats caused more and more colleges to decide that they must take responsibility for teaching it. O

26、nly about 1 in 6 high school students are required to take at least a semester-long course in personal finances, according to a survey by Next Gen Personal Finance, a nonprofit group.Whats more, many college students arrive on campus from households where the parent or parents themselves lack financ

27、ial planning skills. In other cases, parents who micromanage their childrens college education may take charge of all financial decisions, leaving the student with little idea of how his or her education is being financed.In January the Higher Education Financial Wellness Alliance officially comes i

28、nto being, the result of a 2019 summit that brought together 340 attendees from 175 institutions. The group aims to help colleges find ways to remove barriers to students completing their degrees caused by poor financial planning and to promote lifelong financial skills.A lot of data shows that coll

29、ege students are financially stressed, says Phil Schuman, director of financial literacy at Indiana University. Colleges are taking a number of approaches to help. In recent years Indiana University has sent student borrowers a summary of where their student loan amounts stand, including how much th

30、ey would owe at graduation and what their monthly loan payments would be. The program has contributed to student loan borrowing at the university dropping by $126.4 million, about 19%, between 2012 and 2018, Mr. Schuman says. Innovative teaching methods help keep students interested in the topic. On

31、e asks students to imagine their lives 10 years from now. They set up budgets, taking into account what kind of job they have and their income, and household expenses such as rent, utilities, and loan paymentseven the saving theyll set aside for their own childrens educations.Last year at Austin Com

32、munity College in Texas, 3,800 students participated in a financial planning workshop. Students could earn $25 if they met with a financial coach and another $25 if they applied for Federal Student Aid from the U.S. Department of Education. These and other such programs are badly needed. Students co

33、llege educations will serve them better if they are accompanied by sound financial planning.查看材料21. 【阅读理解Part A】To embrace a bright future, college studentsA. must have certain financial planning skills.B. had better be prepared for financial choices.C. should be able to effectively deal with anxiet

34、y.D. may bear the inevitable financial burden.正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文首段，其前两句指出：大学生喜欢思考未来令人满意的职业和幸福的生活。但如果没有良好的财务规划，这些梦想可能会化为灰烬。下文接着指出缺乏理财计划会带来的影响。选项Amust have certain financial planning skills.（必须拥有一些理财规划技能）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为最好为财务选择做好准备。表意模糊，未明确表达出文章想传达的意思，做好准备可以是在心理上的，也可以是在行动上的，故排除；选项C意为应该

35、能够有效地应对焦虑。该项所述内容原文未提及，故排除；选项D意为可能会承担不可避免的经济负担。与题干所问无关，故排除。查看材料22. 【阅读理解Part A】College students family education background is mentioned toA. stress the necessity of financial courses in school.B. encourage college students to major in finance.C. recommend parents to change the way they educate.D. sh

36、ow parents impact on childrens financial choices.正确答案：D参考解析：【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文第四段，该段指出，许多大学生来自本身父母就缺乏财务规划技能的家庭；事无巨细地管理子女大学教育的父母可能会负责所有的财务决策，让学生不太清楚自己的教育经费是如何规划的。选项Dshow parents impact on childrens financial choices. （显示父母对孩子财务选择的影响）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为强调学校金融课程的必要性。偷换概念，提及大学生自身的家庭教育背景是为了强调家庭财务教育背景的重

37、要性，并非强调学校金融课程的必要性，故排除；选项B意为鼓励大学生选择金融专业。major范围过广，文中表示学生应学习财务规划知识，但并未提及学生需要选择此专业，故排除；选项C意为建议家长改变他们的教育方式。原文未提及，故排除。查看材料23. 【阅读理解Part A】The goal of the Higher Education Financial Wellness Alliance is toA. eliminate effects led by poor financial planning.B. help colleges survive in a time of financial c

38、risis.C. learn financial management skills from attendees.D. recruit experienced people from institutions.正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】根据题干定位至原文第五段，文中指出：该联盟旨在帮助高校寻找方法，以消除因财务规划不佳而导致学生不能完成学业的障碍，并提高他们的终身财务技能。选项Aeliminate effects led by poor financial planning.（消除因财务规划不善导致的影响）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为帮助高校渡过财务危机。该项所述

39、内容原文未提及，故排除；选项C意为向与会者学习财务管理技能。该联盟旨在帮助高校寻找方法，并未明确指出如何帮助，故排除；选项D意为从机构招聘有经验的人。该项所述内容原文未提及experienced people，故排除。查看材料24. 【阅读理解Part A】According to the author, it is feasible toA. carry out more activities related to financial planning.B. train more financial coaches for college students.C. increase inves

40、tment in financial planning programs.D. tailor a financial plan for college students.正确答案：A参考解析：【答题思路】题干询问下列哪一项可行。原文最后一段提到了财务规划研讨会（financial planning workshop），最后两句指出，这些规划和其他此类规划非常必要。如果学生有良好的财务计划，他们的大学教育将为他们提供更好的服务。这些规划和其他此类规划非常必要，也就是说作者认为开展更多财务规划研讨会或类似活动是非常可行的。选项Acarry out more activities related t

41、o financial planning.（开展更多与财务规划相关的活动）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项B意为为大学生培养更多的财务教练。此项为干扰项，所述与题干所问无关，故排除；选项C意为增加对财务规划项目的投资。该项所述内容原文未提及，故排除；选项D意为为大学生量身定做理财计划。该项所述内容量身定做（tailor）原文未提及，故排除。查看材料25. 【阅读理解Part A】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Customize Financial Plan for College Stud

42、entsB. Helping College Students Avoid Money DistressC. Set Up Financial Planning Courses in CollegesD. Developing Students Lifelong Financial Skills正确答案：B参考解析：【答题思路】原文首段指出大学生拥有良好财务规划的重要性；第二、三、四段指出大学生在高中时期缺乏财务知识教育，家庭教育背景也对其财务规划产生影响；第五段指出联盟旨在帮助高校寻找方法；第六段指出高校正在采取多种方法来帮助大学生缓解财务上的压力；第七、八段举例说明大学生需要创新的教学方法

43、来学习财务规划技能。综合以上分析可知，文章主要讲述学校帮助大学生学习财务规化，以帮助他们避免财务困境。选项BHelping College Students Avoid Money Distress（帮助大学生避免财务困境）与原文相呼应，为正确选项。【选项辨析】选项A意为为大学生量身定制理财计划。“量身定制”与本文文意相去甚远，故排除；选项C意为在大学开设理财课程。以偏概全，故排除；选项D意为培养学生的终生财务技能 。以偏概全，故排除。 材料题根据下面资料，回答26-30题 The recent crashes of two Boeing 737 Max 8 airliners provide

44、 a reminder of the difficult choices the world faces as it moves even faster toward “intelligent” transportation systems. Though the exact causes of the air crashes are still to be determined, the inability to make a successful shift from automated control to pilot control seems to be a common facto

45、r. That should be a useful lesson for almost all forms of transport being built to reduce the high costs of tragedies caused by human error.Whether in the air, on highways and railways, or on the water, the transportation industry is undergoing a revolutionary transition in the use of artificial int

46、elligence. Fully autonomous vehicles are already being tested on roads. A year ago, a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona, was killed by a self-driving Uber car undergoing such a test. Despite the questions that the tragedy raised, Tesla founder Elon Musk said recently he was certain his “autopilot” cars would soon be able to fully operate hands-free.Such confidence is up against widespread fear. More than 70 percent of American drivers would be afraid to ride in a self-driving vehicle, according to an AAA poll. Despite those sentiments, the truth is t