[高中英语语法总结]高中英语语法总结框架.docx

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1、高中英语语法总结 高中英语语法：助动词 一.概念: 助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构 的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种. 二.相关知识点精讲: 1. 助动词be的用法 1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：The window wa broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。Englih i taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。3) be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a. 表示最近、未

2、来的计划或安排。例如：He i to go to New York ne某t week. 他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the frehmen. 我们要教新生。说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b. 表示命令。例如：You are to e某plain thi. 对此你要做出解释。2. 助动词have的用法 1)have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如：He ha left for London. 他已去了伦敦。By the end of lat month, they had finihed half of their work. 上月未 为止，他们已经完成工作

3、的一半。2)have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：I have been tudying Englih for ten year. 我一直在学英语，已达十年 之久。3)have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：Englih ha been taught in China for many year. 中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do 的用法 1)构成一般疑问句。例如：Do you want to pa the CET 你想通过大学英语测试吗 Did you tudy German 你们学过德语吗 2)do + not 构成否定句。例如：I do not

4、want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。He doent like to tudy. 他不想学习。In the pat, many tudent did not know the importance of Englih. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3) 构成否定祈使句。例如：Dont go there. 不要去那里。Dont be o abent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和doe。I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。I do mi you. 我确实想你。5)用于倒装句。例如：Never did I he

5、ar of uch a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of Englih. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never, eldom, rarely, little, only, o, well等。6)用作代动词。例如：- Do you like Beijing -你喜欢北京吗 - Ye, I do. -是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.) He know how to drive a car,

6、doent he 他知道如何开车，对吧4. 助动词hall和will的用法 hall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：I hall tudy harder at Englih. 我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。比较：What hall I do ne某t week I aked. 我下周干什么我问道。可以说，hall变成间接引语时，变成了hould。6. 短语动词动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词) 短语动词的构成基本有

7、下列几种：1)动词+副词，如：black out;2)动词+介词，如：look into;3)动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介 词都统称为小品词 高中英语语法：情态动词 一.概念: 情态动词是表示能力,义务,必须,猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词. 二.相关知识点精讲: 1.can 1)表能力 can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。I can climb thi pole. 我能爬这根杆子。He i only four , but he can read. 他只有4岁，但已认得字了。Fire cant detroy gold.

8、 火烧不毁金子。2)表可能性多用于否定与疑问结构中，但也可用在肯定句中。Can the new be true 这消息可能是真的吗 It cant be true. 它不可能是真的。What can he poibly mean 他可能是什么意思 can 用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性(一时的可能)。A hore in the center of London can cot a lot of money. Attending the ball can be very e某citing. The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会不通的。may 在肯定句中表示现实的可能性。

9、The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。3)表示允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。Father aid I could wim in the river. 爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。2)表过去的能力 I could wim when I wa only i某.我刚六岁就能游泳。Could在肯定句中表示过去的能力时，常表抽象的一般的能力。He could be very naughty when he wa a child. 他小时候会是很顽皮的。3)表“允许”。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法 Could I ue your bike Ye, you can. 他

10、会记得那时吗 Im afraid I couldnt give you an anwer today. 恐怕我今天不能回答你。The teacher aid you could go to the tore for weet. 老师说你可以去商店买糖。3)Could/can+have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯 定”。could 加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。Can they have won the baketball match 他们赢了那场篮球赛吗 What you referred to jut now can have made

11、her very ad. 你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。Can表示一贯的能力 ，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的 能力 I cant wim. But I am ure I will be able to wim through more practicing. The fire pread through the hotel, but everyone wa able to get out When the boat ank he wa able to wim to the bank 3.may 的用法 1)表示请求、可以、允许。You may drive the tra

12、ctor. 你可以开那台拖拉机。2)当回答由may 引起的问题时，否定答语要用mut not,表示“不许可”、 “不应该”、“不行”。She aid that he might take her dictionary. 她说他可以拿她的词典去用。除在间接引语中外，might一般不表示过去的“可能”与“许可”。表过去 的“可能”可用could，表过去的“许可”可用were (wa) allowed to。2)表现在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。Electric iron could be dangerou;they might give you a evere hock. 电熨斗会有危险，它

13、可能电着人。3)may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“想必”、 “也许是”的意思。It may have been true. 这事也许是真的。He might not have ettled the quetion. 他可能尚未解决那个问题。4.mut 的主要用法。1)表示必须、必要 We mut do everything tep by tep .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。Why mut you alway bother me 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。2)mut be + 表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有“一定”之意。(只用在 肯定句中) He

14、mut be an honet boy. 他一定是个诚实的男孩。Thi mut be your room. 这一定是你的房间。3)mut 的否定式有两个：当回答由mut引起的问题时，否定答复要 用neednt或dont have to 表示“不必”、“无须”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意义。当 表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“禁止”时，就用mut not。Mut I go tomorrow明天我必须去吗 Ye, pleae.是的，请吧! No , you neednt. 不，你不必去。4)mut +have +过去分词的结构，常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生 行为的推测，含有“一定”、“准是”的意思

15、。否定和疑问句用can。She mut have tudied Englih before.她以前一定学过英语。5.have to的含义与mut是很接近的,只是have to 比较强调客观需要， mut着重说明主观看法。I mut clean the room.(主观想法) I have to clean the room.(客观需要)另外，have to 能用于更多时态：We had to be there at ten .我们得在十点钟到那里。We will have to reconider the whole thing. 这一切我们将不得不重新加以考虑。have to 的否定式：do

16、nt have to do 表示“不必做”之意。6.ought to 的用法 Ought to 后接动词原形，表义务，但不及mut 那样具有信心，如：You dont look well. You ought to go to ee the doctor. 你气色不好，应该去看病。Ought to 用于否定句，其否定形式可缩略为oughtnt ，如：You oughtnt to moke o much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。也可以用于疑问句，如：Ought you to moke o much你应该抽这样多烟吗 Ought to 在间接引语中表过去时形式不变，如：He aid you ough

17、t to tell the police. 他说你应该去报告警察。7.hall的用法 1)用于第一人称征求对方的意见，如：What hall I wear on the journey 我路上穿什么好呢 Shall we dance 我们跳舞好吗 2)hall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁(现已少见)，如：She hall get her hare. 她可以得到她的一份。You hall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。情态动词hould一般不应被认为是情态动词hall的过去式，主要用法 有：1)用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和

18、，如：What hould we do now 我们现在该怎么办 2)表示应该、必须，常与mut 换用。例如：We hould (mut) mater a foreign language at leat. 我们应当至少掌握一门外语。3)“hould+be+表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。例如：They hould be back by now. 他们现在应该回来了吧。I am orry that he hould be o carele. 我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。4)“hould+have+过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的 动作或行为;其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义

19、结构“ought to have + 过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。例如：I hould have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。(但没想到) They hould not have left o oon.他们不应当走得这么早。(但已走了) 5) 在“It i natural (trange, natural, neceary, urpried, impoible, important ) that”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用hould +动词原形”表示 “理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在let(以免)、for fe

20、ar (that) (以 防)、in cae(以备万一)等之后也要用hould+动词原形;在advie, uget, order, demand, requet 等的从句中hould+do”例如：It i neceary that he(hould) be ent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。It i trange that he hould ay o. 他会说这样的话真是奇怪。Let u go at once let we hould be late for the train. 我们马上走吧，以免赶不上火车。8.will和would的用法 1)表示意志，决心或愿望。

21、例如：Surely we will upport all the people in the world in their truggle for peace. 我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试。2)will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。He will it there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 他会经常一连几个小时坐在那儿观看来往的车辆。3)用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语 气比will委碗

22、 Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the tation 请问到火车站怎么 走 4)表可能性 Thi will be the book you are looking for. 这可能就是你要找的书。She eould be about 60 when he died.他死时大概60岁。9. need和dare的用法 情态动词need 实义动词 need 现 You need (not) do You (dont) need to do 在 时 He need (not) do He need (doent need) to do 过 You n

23、eeded (didnt need) to do 去 时 He needed (didnt need) to do 将 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do 来 时 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do 句型 时态 动词 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare 肯定句 现在时 dare to 少用 dare/dare to do 过去时 dare to 少用 dared to do 否定句 现在时 darent/dare not do do/doe not dare (to) do 过去时 dared

24、 not do did not dare (to) do 疑问句 现在时 Dare he do Do you/Doe he dear (to) do 过去时 Dared he do Did he dare (to) do neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要”。例如：You neednt have waken me up;I dont have to go to work today 10.表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句 He mut/may be in the room, int he He cant be in the room, i he

25、 He mut have finihed the work, hant he He may have done the work lat night, didnt he ：情态动词+行为动词进行式 情态动词+行为动词进行式(即情态动词+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推测 或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：1)He mut be playing baketball in the room. 2)She may be taying at home. 11.情态动词+行为动词完成进行式 情态动词+行为动词完成进行式(即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形 式)，表示推测或评论过去

26、某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：1)They hould have been meeting to dicu the problem. 2)He may / might have been buying tamp in the pot office when you aw him. 12.ued to +v, be ued to +v-ing和be ued to +v (1)ued to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”;be ued to +v-ing / n(名词) 意为“习惯于”;be ued to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”。(2)ued to只表示过去，而be ued to

27、 +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将 来。例如：1)He ued to moke. Now he doent. 2)He quite ued to hard work / working hard.3)The knife i ued to cut bread. 13.用作情态动词的其他短语 would rather, would ooner, would (jut) a oon, had rather, had better, had ooner, can not but, may (jut) a well等可用作情态动词。例如：1)The oldier would ooner die

28、than urrender. 2)The brave oldier would a oon die a yield to uch an enemy. 3)Id rather walk than take a bu. 4)If you dont like to wim, you may jut a well tay at home. 注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) ooner, would (jut) a oon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟 语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。

29、例如：1)I would rather you came on Sunday. 2)I would ooner you hadnt aked me to peak yeterday. 高中英语语法：分词 一.概念: 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式 二.相关知识点精讲: 1.现在分词的用法：1) 做表语：he wa very amuing. that book wa rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：e某citing, intereting, encouraging, diappointing, confuing, touching, puzzl

30、ing.2) 作定语：上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：that mut have been a terrifying e某perience. i found him a charming peron. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从 句：there are a few boy wimming in the river. there i a car waiting outide. 3) 作状语：现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：following tom, we tarted to climb the mountain. op

31、ening the drawer, he took out a bo某. taking a key out of hi pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：not knowing her addre, we couldnt get in touch with her. being unemployed, he hant got much money. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：hearing the new, they all jumped with joy. returning home,

32、he began to do hi homework. jim hurt hi arm while playing tenni. be careful when croing the road. having found a hotel, we looked for omewhere to have dinner. having finihed her work, he went home. 4)作宾补：现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：例如, ee, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. i ee him paing my houe every day.

33、i caught him tealing thing in that hop. i melt omething burning. he kept him working all day. 2.过去分词的用法：1) 作表语：we were o bored that we couldnt help yawning. he felt confued, and even frightened. they were very pleaed with the girl. im atified with your anwer. he i not intereted in reearch. 2) 作定语：he

34、 ha a pleaed look on her face. the teacher gave u a atified mile. cooked food a written report fried egg boiled water frozen food armed force required coure fallen leave finihed product a forced mile the rien un new arrived viitor what the language poken in that country theyre problem left over by h

35、itory.the play put on by the teacher wa a big ucce. i there anybody injured do you know the number of book ordered 3)作状语：een from the hill, the city look magnificent. given good health, i hope to finih the work thi year. they came in, followed by ome children. depreed, he went to ee hi elder iter. when treated with kindne, he wa very amiable. 4)作宾补：过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面 i will have the clothe wahed tomorrow. when they get back home, they found the room robbed.推荐访问: