张福慈毕业设计外文翻译.pdf

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1、文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent DesignAbstract:Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern.It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies.A new idea of concurrent design for he

2、at treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process.Heat treatment CAD/CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built.These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency,reduce cost and ensu

3、re quality of R and D for products.Key words:die design;heat treatment;mouldTraditional die and mould design,mainly by experience or semi experience，is isolated from manufacturing process.Before the design is finalized，the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again，thus some disadvan

4、tages come into being,such as long development period,high cost and uncertain practical effect.Due to strong desires for precision,service life,development period and cost,modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly.Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations

5、 have been applied,for example,concurrent engineering,agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing,collaborative design,etc.Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design,manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture，assembly and service life Design and manufacture of

6、 die and mould have progressed rapidly，but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them As die and mould industry develops，heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture，assembly and wear resistant properties by request.Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mo

7、uld manufacturing such as over hard and soft and assembly Traditionally the heat treatment process 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward by designer This could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each othe

8、r，for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties，and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designingthought.These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent.Accordingly，if the pr

9、ocess design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage，the aims of shortening development period，reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realizedConcurrent engineering takes computer integr

10、ation system as a carrier,at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing，heat treating，properties and so forth in order to avoid the error The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern,which bring about a revolution against serial p

11、atternIn the present workthe heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development，and the systemic and profound research was performed1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent Circumstance The concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern(see Fig 1)

12、.With regard to serial pattern，the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould，yet hardly consider the consequent process，so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwardsMeanwhile，the design department rarely communicates with the assembling，cost accounting and sales

13、 departmentsThese problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foreground Whereas in the concurrent pattern，the relations among departments are close，the related departments all take part in the development pro gress of die and mould and have close inter

14、communion with purchasersThis is propitious to elimination of the conflicts between departments，increase the efficiency and reduce the cost Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mou

15、ld designing In this way，it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD CAE for Die and Mould It can be seen from Fig 2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integrat

16、ion frame After information input via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing，simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heattreatment and the defect of possib

17、le emerging(such as overheat,over burning)，and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision technology Moreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM are integrated into this systemThe concurrent engineering based i

18、ntegration frame can share information with other branchThat makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the process sound2.1 3-D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment The problems about materials，structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon a

19、s possible by 3-D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mould Modeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable，because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics，phase transf

20、ormation kinetics，phase stress,thermal stress，heat transfer，hydrokinetics etcFor example，3-D heat conducting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression and asymmetric die and mould，and M ARC software models for microstructure transformation was used Computer can present the informatio

21、ns of 文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.temperature，microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3-D by coupling temperature field,microstructure field and stress field If the property can be coupled,various partial properties can be predic

22、ted by computer2.2 Heat treatment process design Due to the special requests for strength，hardness，surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould，the parameters including quenching medium type，quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time，must be properly selecte

23、d，and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined It is difficult to determine the parameters by computer fully Since computer technology develops quickly in recent decades,the difficulty with largescale calculation has been overcomeBy simulat

24、ing and weighing the property，the cost and the required period after heat treatmentit is not difficult to optimize the heat treatment process2.3 Data base for heat treatment A heat treatment database is described in Fig 3The database is the foundation of making out heat treatment processGenerally，he

25、at treatment database is divided into materials database and process database It is an inexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process Although it is difficult to establish a property database，it is necessary to establish the database by a series of tests The materials database inc

26、ludes steel grades,chemical compositions，properties and home and abroad grades parallel tables The process database includes heat treatment criterions，classes，heat preservation time and cooling velocityBased on the database，heat treatment process can be created by inferring from rules2.4 Tool and eq

27、uipment for heat treatment After heat treatment process is determined，tool and equipment CAD文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.CAE system transfers the information about design and manufacture to the numerical control device Through rapid tooling prototype，the reliability of tool and the clamping appar

28、atus can be judged The whole procedure is transferred by network，in which there is no man made interference3 Key Technique 3.1 Coupling of temperature，microstructure，stress and property Heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature-microstructurestress interaction The three factors can all

29、influence the property(see Fig 4)During heating and cooling，hot stress and transformation will come into being when microstructure changes.Transformation temperature-microstructure and temperature microstructureand stress-property interact on each other Research on the interaction of the four factor

30、s has been greatly developed,but the universal mathematic model has not been built Many models fit the test nicely，but they cannot be put into practice Difficulties with most of models are solved in analytic solution，and numerical method is employed so that the inaccuracy of calculation existsEven s

31、o，comparing experience method with qualitative analysis，heat treatment simulation by computer makes great progress3.2 Establishment and integration of models The development procedure for die and mould involves design,manufacture，heat treatment，assembly，maintenance and so on They should have own dat

32、abase and mode1 They are in series with each other by the entity relation model Through establishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism，the aim of optimizing design can be achieved The relation between product model and other models was built The product model will change in case the cell mod

33、el changesIn fact，it belongs to the relation of data with die and mould After heat treatment model is integrated into the system，it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.other models in the system After searching，calculating and reasoning from the

34、heat treatment database,procedure for heat treatment，which is restricted by geometric model,manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and property，is obtained If the restriction is disobeyed，the system will send out the interpretative warningAll design cells are connected by communication netw

35、ork3.3 Management and harmony among members The complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groups Because each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development，they need to be managed and harmonized Firstly,each item group should define its own control c

36、ondition and resource requested,and learn of the request of up-and-down working procedure in order to avoid conflict Secondly，development plan should be made out and monitor mechanism should be established The obstruction can be duly excluded in case the development is hinderedAgile management and h

37、armony redound to communicating information，increasing efficiency，and reducing redundancy Meanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity，clearing conflict and making the best of resource4 Conclusions(1)Heat treatment CAD CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat t

38、reatment is graphed,which can increase efficiency，easily discover problems and clear conflicts(2)Die and mould development is performed on the same platform When the heat treatment process is made out，designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self-information to other design departme

39、nts on the platform(3)Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and reduce costReferences：文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.1 ZHOU Xiong-hui，PENG Ying-hong The Theory and Technique of Modern Die and Mould Design and ManufactureMShang

40、hai：Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 2000(in Chinese)2 Kang M，Park&Computer Integrated Mold ManufacturingJ Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing，1995，5：229-239 3 Yau H T，Meno C H Concurrent Process Planning for Finishing Milling and Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and Mould M

41、anufacturingJ Int J Product Research，1993，31(11)：2709 27254 LI Xiang，ZHOU Xiong-hui，RUAN Xue-yu Application of Injection Mold Collaborative Manufacturing System J JournaI of Shanghai Jiaotong University，2000，35(4)：1391-1394 5 Kuzman K，Nardin B，Kovae M,et a1 The Integration of Rapid Prototyping and C

42、AE in Mould Manufacturing J J Materials Processing Technology，2001，111：2792856 LI Xiong，ZHANG Hongbing，RUAN Xue-yu，et a1Heat Treatment Process Design Oriented Based on Concurrent EngineeringJJournal of Iron and Steel Research，2002，14(4)：26 29文献出处：LI Xiong,ZHANG Hong-bing,RUAN Xue yu,LUO Zhong hua,ZH

43、ANG Yan.Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent DesignJ.Journal of Iron and Steel Research，2006,13(1):40-43，74模具热处理及其导向平行设计摘要：在一 系列 方式 中，传统 模 具 设 计 方 法 存 在 许多 缺点。众 所周 知,热 处理 对模 具起 着非 常重 要的 作用。为 了克 服 模具 热处 理工 艺存 在的缺 点，一 种新 的模 具热 处理 工艺 并行 设计方 法已 经被 开发 出 来了。热处 理 CAD/CAE技术是 集成 了并 行环 境 和有 关模

44、型而 建立 的。这些调查 研究 可以 显著 提 高效 率，降低 成本，并保 证产 品质 量达 到 R 和D 级。关键词：模具设计；热处理；模 具传统 模具 设计 主要 是 依照 自身 实践 经验 或 依照 部分 实践 经验，而不是制造 工艺。在 设计 完 成之 前，模具 方案 通 常要 被一 次又 一次 的改进，于是文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.有些 缺点 便出 现，例 如开 发 时 期长，成 本 高和 实际 效果 不明 显。由 于对精确性、使 用寿 命、开 发期 和费 用的 严格 要 求，先进 的模 具要 求设计 和制造得十 分完 善。因此 越 来越 先进

45、的技 术和 创 新方 法被 应用 其中，例如 并行工程、敏捷 制造 业、虚 拟制 造业、协 同合 作设计 等。模具 的热 处理 与模 具 设计，制 造和 装配 同 样重 要。因为 它对 模具的制造装 配和 使用 寿命 又 及其 重要 的影 响。模 具设 计与 制造 发展 十分迅 速，但是热 处理 发展 却严 重 滞后 它们。随 着模 具 工业 的发 展，热处 理必须 保证模具有 良好 的制 造装 配 和磨 损耐 热性 能。不 切实 际的 热处 理将 导致模 具材料过硬 或过 软，同时 影 响模 具装 配性 能。传 统的 热处 理工 艺是 按照设 计师提出的 方法 和特 性制 作 出来 的。这样

46、 会使 模 具设 计师 和热 处理 工艺师 意见产生分 歧，而模 具设 计 师却 不能 充分 地了 解 热处 理工 艺和 材料 的性能，相反热处 理工 艺师 却很 少 了解 模具 的使 用环 境 和设 计思 路。这些 分歧将 在很大程度 上影 响模 具的 发 展。因此，如 果把 热 处理 工艺 设计 放在 设计阶 段之 前，则缩 短开 发周 期，减 少花 费和 保证 质量 等 目标 将会 被考 虑，而且从 串行到并行 的发 展模 式也 将 会实 现。并行 工程 是以 计算 机 集成 系统 作为 载体，在开 始以 后，每个 阶段和因素都 被 看作如 制造、热处 理、性能 等等，以避 免出 现错

47、误。并行模 式已经摒除 了 串行模 式的 缺 陷，由此 带来 了一 场 对串 行模 式的 革命。在当 前的 工作 中，热 处理 被集 成到 了模 具 开发 的并 行环 境中，同时也正在 进行 这种 系统 性 和深 入性 的研 究。1.热处理下的并行环境并行 模式 与串 行模 式存在 根本 的不 同（见 图 1）。对于 串行 模 式，设 计者大 多考 虑的 是模 具 的结 构与 功能，但 很 难考 虑相 关的 工艺，以致 前者的错误 很容 易蔓 延到 后 面。与此 同时，设 计 本门 很少 与装 配，预算会 计和销售部 门沟 通。这些 问 题当 然会 影响 模具 的 开发 进度 和市 场前 景。

48、然 而在并行模 式中，不 但以 上 部门 关系 联系 密切，所有 参加 模具 开发 的部门 都与买家有 密切 的交 流。这 有助 于协 调各 部门 消 除矛 盾，提高 工作 效率，同时降低成 本。(a)(b)(a)串 行 模 式（b）并 行 模 式图 1.基 于 摸 具 开 发 的 串 行 工 程 与 并 行 工 程 系 统 框 架 示 意 图文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word 版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.并行 环境 下的 热处 理 工艺 不是 在方 案和 工件确 定以 后，而是 在模具设计的 时候 制定 出来 的。这 样的 话，将有 利 于优 化热 处理 工艺，充分 利用材料。2.模具热处理

49、CAD/CAE一体化从图 2 中可以 看出，热处 理工 艺的 设计 与 模拟 是一 体化 模式 的核心。在信 息输 入产 品模 块 中后，经 热处 理工 艺 过程 产生 的热 处理CAD和 热处理 CAE 模 块将 对于 零件 图，热处 理以 后模拟 温度 场的 微观 结 构分 析和 可能出现 的缺 陷（例如 过 热，烧伤）自 动划 分 网络，如 果优 化是 根据立 体视觉技术 的结 果重 新出 现，则 这项 热处 理工 艺 已经 被审 核。而且 工具与 夹具的CAD 和 CAE 也 集成 于这 种系 统中。图 2.并 行 工 程 热 处 理 CAD/CAE一 体 化 系 统 框 架 示 意

50、图以并 行工 程为 基础 的 集成 模式 可以 与其 它类似 模式 共享 信息。这样使热处 理工 艺得 到优 化，并 确保 改工 艺准 确。2.1 采用三维模型和立体视觉技术的热处理在形 成模 具的 基础 上，材 料，结构 和尺 寸 的问 题能 通过 热处 理三维模型尽 快发 现出 来。在 热处 理过 程中，模 具 加热 条件 和相 变条 件是切 合实际的，因为 通过 计算 相 变热 力、相变 动力、相应 力、热应 力、传热速 度、流体动 力等 已经 取得 重 要突 破。例如，能 进 行局 部复 杂表 面和 不对称 模具的三维 热传 导模 型计 算，和能进 行微 观结 构 转变 的 MARC软